1. Green Economies: How to Prevent a
4 Degree Warmer World?
Saurav Kumar Das
Bhubaneswar, India

2. WhatisGreenEconomy?
• A green economy is one that results in improved human well-being and social equity,
while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities.
• Green economy is an economy or economic development model based on sustainable
development and a knowledge of ecological economics.
• The distinguishing features are:
• The direct valuation of natural capital and ecological services as having economic
value
• A full cost accounting regime in which costs externalized onto society via
ecosystems are reliably traced back to, and accounted for as liabilities of, the entity
that does the harm or neglects an asset
Green Economy

3. WhydoweneedGreenEconomy?
Renewable
energy
Green
buildings
Sustainable
transport
Water
management
Waste
management
Land
management
Commitment from national leaders for green issues on the local and international stage
Focus on policy frameworks to successfully promote renewable energy and green growth in home
market
Investment in Clean technologies for climate change and control in each country
Promotion of sustainable tourism through government
Green Economy

4. Global Green New Deal
Renewable energy technologies, such as wind,
solar, geothermal and biomass technologies;
Energy efficiency in old and new buildings
Sustainable transport technologies, such as hybrid
vehicles, high speed rail and bus rapid transit
systems
The planet's ecological infrastructure, including
freshwaters, forests, soils and coral reefs
Sustainable agriculture, including organic
production
What needs to be done?
20 most advanced economies
to invest
at least 1% of their total GDP
in promoting green economic
sectors
Why these countries?
66% of world population
90% of global GDP
80% of global greenhouse gas
emissions
Greatest Impact
Global Green New Deal

5. Policy Recommendations
Domestic International
• Reduce perverse subsidies 
Correct negative externalities
• Create positive incentives and
appropriate taxes to reward more
sustainable practices
• Develop integrated management of
freshwater resources
• Introduce and improve
environmental legislation and
enforcement
• Implement systems for monitoring
and accounting for the economic
contributions made by green
investments
• Carbon pricing
• Markets for ecosystem services
• Development and transfer of
technology
• Policy coordination
• Foreign aid and support (financial
and technical) offered for green
investments in non-G20 countries
to ensure we achieve a global
green economic transition
Global Green New Deal

6. GREEN COUNTRIES – SUCCESS STORIES
TheBigGreenExperiment
The scientific community began focusing on organic practices
Developing biological fertilizers, pesticides
State mobilized city dwellers - urban farming became a vital food source
State initiatives – Extensive research into soil health and fertility
Prices were deregulated, the state created farmers markets
CUBA GOES ORGANIC
CUBA TODAY
One of the most successful urban agriculture programs in the world
In Havana alone there are 8,000 organic gardens producing a million tons of food
annually
Gardens can employ anywhere from one to 70 people depending on the size of the
garden
Cuba is even growing green medicine now

7. GREEN COUNTRIES – SUCCESS STORIES
This program can save $30 million
dollars annually
Choking on rising fuel costs
• The National Strategic Plan of Barbados for 2006-25 is designed to rectify this
• The plan is to increase the country’s renewable energy supply, especially solar power
• Solar water heaters are a widely used renewable energy technology in Barbados
• Sustainable Framework for Energy Pilot Project

8. GREEN COUNTRIES – SUCCESS STORIES
Extended Producer Responsibility” (EPR) system requires
manufacturers , importers to recycle an amount of waste
The financial benefit in five years is estimated to be over US $1.6
billion
In four years (2003-2006) the EPR system created 3,200 new jobs
CO2 emissions have been reduced annually by an average of
412,000 tons
A strategy for climate change adaptation
Smallholder woodlot management practices
New stream of income for local communities
Enhancing resilience to climate vulnerability.
Protection of vital watersheds
The government to achieve a 64 per cent increase in council
revenue

9. GREEN COUNTRIES – SUCCESS STORIES
One of Africa’s poorest nations
7 million face food insecurity
The country plans to grow but sustainably
A Climate Resilient Green Economy
Invest in renewable sources of electricity
generation
Use a ‘green cities’ approach to urbanization
Protect and reestablish ecosystems
Achieve carbon-neutrality by 2025

10. GREEN COUNTRIES – SUCCESS STORIES
• Farmers are encouraged to conserve water through watershed programmes.
• The municipalities pay a fixed amount to farmers for conserving water.
• Farmers in turn use technology and scientific methods to tap water.
• This also ensures that no pollution takes place, prevents soil erosion and preserves the
aquatic population.
Brazil
• 4th largest urban population
• Environmental challenges of rapid growth
• A radial linear-branching pattern, which protects
density and green areas
• Curitiba’s fuel usage is 30 per cent lower
• Address its potentially costly flooding problem

11. GREEN COUNTRIES – SUCCESS STORIES
Sustainable Urban Planning in Brazil
Sustainable planning for growth in Curitiba
• Choice for growth of the city - a ‘radial linear-branching’ pattern
• Bus Rapid Transit system
- 45% of journeys using public transport
- Curitiba’s fuel usage is 30% lower than in Brazil’s other major
cities
• Created parks and artificial lakes to address the flooding
problems
• Built the Curitiba Industrial City (CIC) on the city’s west side
- “polluting” industries are not allowed
- 700 companies, contributing about 20% to the state’s export
- creating about 50,000 direct jobs & 150,000 indirect jobs
• Waste management infrastructure and awareness
- 70% of the city’s residents actively recycling
GOAL
• An integrated urban and industrial planning to address the
environmental and socio-economic challenges posed by rapid
urbanization in Curitiba
Policies
&
Impact

12. GREEN COUNTRIES – SUCCESS STORIES
China's massive economic growth has led to a ‘grim’
environmental situation
In January 2013 the air of Beijing hit a level of toxicity 40
times above what WHO deems safe
In the northern half of the country air pollution lops 5.5
years off the average life
A tenth of the country’s farmland is poisoned with
chemicals and heavy metals
State Council has plans to make the energy
saving sector a "pillar" of the economy by 2015
The outline of 11th Five-year Plan lays emphasis
on renewable energy
The government has committed to producing
16% of its primary energy from renewable
sources by 2020

13. GREEN COUNTRIES – SUCCESS STORIES
• Investment security & market stability for investors
• Reduce transaction & administrative costs
• Encourage private investors to operate the power plant prudently
and efficiently so as to maximize its returns.
GOAL
• Tap the potential of Renewable Energy Sources(RES) for income
and employment generation, over and above contributing to the
supply and diversification of electricity generation sources
Policies
Impact
• FIT policy in Kenya can stimulate about 1300 MW of electricity
generation capacity
• Resources used consist of relatively low-cost local fuels, it is likely
to reduce costs for the consumers
• Triple-win
- Additional renewables-based generation capacity
- Enhancing employment and poverty alleviation in the rural
areas
- Increasing income opportunities for business development
• Indirectly contributed to job creation of about 200,000 small-
scale farmers
Feed-in tariffs in Kenya

14. Green Economy – Significance for Corporates
The annual financing demand required to create the Green Economy is estimated
to be in the range of US$ 1-2.5 trillion:
 Represents an enormous opportunity for the private sector to provide the
infrastructure, equipment, goods and services that will drive the transition
 investors are increasingly considering environmental performance as a proxy for
management quality.
“In a world of constrained resources Unilever sees the only way to double the size of
our business is to decouple our growth from our environmental impact. We can do
this by making sustainable living the driver of everything we do.” - Unilever
• More resilient supply chains
• New investment opportunities
• Increased consumer demand for sustainable goods and services
• Sales growth and duration of sales
• Training and job creation
• Reduced dependency on natural resources
• Mitigation against the negative financial risk from environmental
impact
Benefits
for the
Business

15. Green Economy – Business Actions
While public policy is an essential ingredient in making the Green Economy a
reality, it is the actions of the private sector that will ultimately determine
whether and how quickly it occurs.
 Enhance resilience and business growth by adopting alternative valuation
techniques
 Drive policy change: can create opportunities for responsible business investing
in the technology innovations and entrepreneurship
 Move from shareholder to stakeholder value: Businesses are achieving
competitive advantage by looking at their company as part of a wider network
of stakeholders
 Ensure employee engagement and enhance resource productivity: Creating
incentives and mechanisms to embed sustainability within company culture
 Establish sustainability as a permanent item on the Board agenda and
communicate its value to investors and consumers

16. Green Economy – Drivers of Change
Resource Pressure
 Due to population growth
and additional consumer
pressure in emerging
economies, global demand
across all major
environmental resources will
increase
 Risks and environmental
stresses derived from
climate change, such as
water and land availability
and biodiversity loss means
that the pressures on these
resources are considerable
and likely to grow
Estimated Growth in Demand of Resources

17. Green Economy – Drivers of Change
 Environmental factors are acting as constraints in production, particularly in the
agricultural and energy sectors, BAU over the long-term is simply unviable.
 Mfg. Sector: responsible for 35 per cent of electricity use & more than 20 per
cent of CO2 emissions, impacts environment and human health
 Remanufacturing operations: save 10.7 million barrels of oil each year. There are
also positive implications for jobs through opportunities in secondary
production.
Constraints in production
 Well-informed consumers are raising their expectations of the private and public
sectors with respect to sustainable practices.
 Consumer demand for sustainable products is growing. there is much untapped
latent demand that can be unlocked by companies with a clear vision of a more
sustainable future.
Consumer Demand

18. Sector Material Issues Implications for transition to
Green Economy
Building &
Construction
• Energy use and
emissions
• Materials use
• Waste
• Water
• Health and
Safety
• Resource efficiency
• Sustainable innovation
• Life-cycle management
Food & Beverage • Overfishing
• Increasing meat
consumption
• Environmental
degradation
• Health
• Resource and
energy use
• Water
• Waste
• Worker rights
• Rebuild overfished and
depleted
fish stocks
• Adopt resource-conserving
practices
• Focus on health and well-
being
• Improve supply chain
conditions
Tourism •Environmental
degradation
• Socio-economic
development
• Heritage and
culture
• Water and
resource use
• Waste
• Human rights
• Collectively manage resources
between private and public
partners
• Improved valuation of
heritage and
culture
Green Economy – Green Business Model

19. Employee Retention: Employees want to work for a company which
gives them a bigger cause to work for
Brand Reputation: Sustainable practices improve public relations and
help improve Brand Value in the eyes of the customer
Increased Profitability: HBR cites more sustainable companies are
outperforming their peers on net margin (+6%), return on
assets(+3%) and return on equity(+11%) for past eight years
Rankings and Ratings: Investors are now using rankings like Dow
Jones Sustainability Index to evaluate companies and understand
their alignment with sustainability
Green Economy – Green Business Model

20. In the red ocean there is intense competition
Everybody is fighting for limited resources and ever expanding customer pool
In blue oceans, demand is created rather than fought over
Competition becomes a moot point
an analogy to describe the wider, yet unexplored market sphere of the present world
Create
Uncontested
Markets
Focus on the
big picture
Reaching
beyond
existing
demand
Getting
Strategic
sequence
right
The Four Principles
Green Economy – Green Business Model

21. Costs
Buyer Value
Value
Innovation
A central concept is value innovation. A part of
the process is driving down costs and increasing
customer benefits, creating a new market
space. The sustainability connection is the
social good created.
RED OCEAN = Cost Reductions OR Added Buyer
Value
BLUE OCEAN = Cost Reductions AND Added Buyer
Value
Green Economy – Green Business Model

22. A circular chain of cause and effect
Effect: positive results
through sales growth
and duration
Action: delivery of
more sustainable
goods and services
Boosts its ability
to innovate and to
attract more
customers
Green Economy – Green Business Model

23. Siemens accounts for more than 50% of the installed capacity of offshore
wind turbines worldwide.
One such project in Gunfleet Sands in the UK saves about 400,000 tonnes
of CO2 every year compared to fossil fuel-derived power.
Case: Siemens AG, Germany – Offshore Wind
Project
 Essential to mitigate the negative impacts on ecosystems
 Positive impact on economic growth and job creation
 Employment in Europe is projected to grow to 150,000 by 2020 and to
well over 200,000 by 2030 in wind sector
Environmental
or Social Value
 Sales growth and duration
 Germany intends to have 10,000 GW capacity installed by 2020 – 2.5
times the global capacity today
 Annual growth rate of installed capacity over the past decade has
been 45 %.
Financial
Value Drivers
Green Economy – Green Business Model

24.  a green power project aiming to save water and generate electricity.
 Flue gases contain a very high amount of thermal energy which has the
potential to be re-used
 conserves water that would be required for cooling purposes
Case: Shree Cement, India
Project
 46 MW Waste Heat Recovery unit saves water up to 1,250 kl/day
 reduction in CO2 emissions by about 1,312 tons/day
 reduction in SOx emissions by 30 tons/day and a reduction in
particulate matter emissions by 0.520 tons/day
Environmental
or Social Value
 Reduced Capital Expenditure & Increased Profit Margin by saving on
water and electricity costs
 decreases its dependency on natural resources over the long-term.
 opportunities such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) by
registering the project with the UNFCCC.
Financial
Value Drivers
Green Economy – Green Business Model

25. 1970s: companies struggled to
comply with new
environmental regulations
• Scrubbers for air pollution
• ETPs for water pollution
• SW segregation for incineration
3M started Pollution Prevention
Pays
• Any idea that reduces
pollution should also save
money
• Leaders should watch
regulations closely
• Do everything to stay below
limits
• If necessary – redesign
processes / products
• Lower value chain costs
• Cut environmental
expenses
• Cut financial expenses
• IKEA – fix it yourself
furniture boxes
• Squeeze millimeters out of
every box
• 50% increase in fill rate
• Saves 15% fuel per item
• Less trucks / trains to
transport
SEEINGBUSINESSTHROUGHTHELENSOFENVIRONMENTALEXPENSESCANHELPTOFINDNEW,
LOWERCOSTANDFASTERWAYSOFDOINGBUSINESS
Green Economy – Green Business Model

26. MANAGE ENVIRONMENTALLY DRIVEN BUSINESS RISK
Cross promotions
• Spiderman toys with Kellogg's products
• Small battery contained toxic mercury
• 17 million call-backs
• Kellogg's committed never to use such batteries
• McDonalds – toys with happy meals
• Identified button batteries as a problem and eliminated mercury
completely
How did McDonalds do it?
• Issues of litter / packaging / mad cow disease
• Decided to get ahead of the curve
• Process of “Anticipatory issues management”
• Studies environmental / social trends to identify potential dangers to business
• They identified mercury in batteries as a risk & eliminated it – much before legally
required
• Influenced suppliers to find alternatives
Green Economy – Green Business Model

27. The eco-advantage bottom line
Look to reduce costs by:
• Eliminate waste & promoting eco-efficiency
• Cut disposal costs & compliance expenses
• Capture the value of reduced environmental burdens up & down
the value chain
Control environmental risk by:
• Anticipate environmental issues & address them
• Stay ahead of new regulatory requirements
• Manage government mandates to gain relative advantage in the
marketplace
Green Economy – Green Business Model

28. CSR-HRPartnershipisImperative
CSR
The low carbon
economy
The profit
potential of
going green
HR
Employees want
meaningful work
Good HR
increases profits!
• Shareholders want reduced
risk and sustainable returns
• If CSR and HR do not work in
partnership, CSR and HR, will
FAIL
• Both functions need to work
together to achieve a
sustainable business outcome
Green Economy – Green Business Model

29. Stages of CSR in organization
Stage 1 Introduction: Introducing and
understanding CSR concepts
Stage 2 Exploration: Understanding CSR’s
implication in the business
Stage 3 Development: Planning and creating
a CSR strategy
Stage 4 Implementation: Putting CSR into
practice
Stage 5 Evaluation: Measuring and monitoring
performance
Green Economy – Green Business Model

30. May the water and air be ever
abundant &
pure for us and our children
Unto The Heaven Be Peace,
Unto The Sky And The Earth Be Peace.
Peace Be Unto The Water,
Unto The Herbs And Trees Be Peace.
Unto All The Gods Be Peace,
Unto Brahma And Unto All Be Peace.
And May We Realize That Peace.
Om Peace Peace Peace.
Green Economy – Green Business Model
Shanti Path: A Prayer for Universal Peace

31. References:
1) The Transition to a Green Economy: Benefits, Challenges and
Risks from a Sustainable Development Perspective . Division
for Sustainable Development, UN-DESA, United Nations
Environment Programme and UN Conference on Trade and
Development
(http://www.unep.org/greeneconomy/Portals/88/document
s/research_products/UN-
DESA,%20UNCTAD%20Transition%20GE.pdf)
2) Carpentier, C.L., Major groups engagement and
participation Rio+20 Secretariat
3) Bushehri, F., Green Economy in the Arab Region
(https://www.cbd.int/doc/meetings/im/wscbteeb-mena-
01/other/wscbteeb-mena-01-unep-green-economy-arab-
en.pdf)

32. References:
4) A guidebook to the Green Economy, Issue 1: Green Economy, Green
Growth, and Low-Carbon Development– history, definitions and a
guide to recent publications, Division for Sustainable Development,
UNDESA
(https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/GE%20Gu
idebook.pdf)
5) Stone, S., The role of green economy in sustainable Development
(http://www.biotrade.org/MeetingsEvents/GreenEco/GER_Trade%20a
nd%20Sustainability.pdf)
6) Dittrich, M., Giljum, S., Lutter, S. and Polzin, C., Implications of
resource use for development and the environment
(https://www.boell.de/sites/default/files/201207_green_economies_a
round_the_world.pdf)
7) Woodlot Management in Tanzania
(http://www.unep.org/greeneconomy/SuccessStories/WoodlotManag
ementinTanzania/tabid/29893/Default.aspx)

33. Let us all strive to look at the world
through a Green Lens!
The Future is Vibrant…Let’s Embrace It
Together we can and we will make the
world a better place!
Thank You 