this show how the technology works, and the reaction of the eye before the system is possible

1. EYE TRACKING SYSTEM
BY
SUNDAY SAVIOUR
FUG/BSC/COM.SC/012/094
A
SEMINAR
PRESENTED TO THE DEPARTMENT
OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
FIDEI UNIVERSITY
GBOKO BENUE STATE
3 FEBUARY 2014
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2. ABSTRACT
– The eye tracking system is basically emphasizing
on the measurement of the eye activity. Such as
were do we look? What do we ignore? When do
we blink? How does the pupil react to different
stimuli? Eye tracking system or gaze tracking is a
technology that consist in calculating the eye gaze
point of a user as he or she looks round the device
by means of information extracted from the users
eye. A device equip with an eye tracker enables
users to use their eye gaze as an input modality as
means of operating your smart phones and device.
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3. INTRODUCTION
Human communication with computers
and other automated machinery can be vastly
enhanced and accelerated by eye tracking.
The eye tracking system allows users to
direct a smart phone, tablets, computer and other
devices with just the look of an eye. The high-
resolution sensor allows the subject free head
movement across a wide rage, while the powerful
software automatically locates the eye and
compensates motion.
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4. THE EYE
• The retina is a sensitive structure inside of the eye responsible
for transforming light into signals , which are later converted
Into an image by the visual cortex in the brain. The fovea is a
section of the retina that contains high density of both kinds
of light receptor cells found in the eye, i.e. cone and rod cells.
Rod cells which are mostly located on the outer retina, have
low spatial resolution, are able to support vision in low light
condition, do not discriminate colors, are sensitive to object
movement and are responsible for peripheral vision . Cone
cells, which are densely packed
within the central visual field, function best
in bright light, process acute images and
discriminate colors. 4

5. DIAGRAM OF THE EYE
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6. CALIBRATION
Prior to using an eye tracker the user needs to
undergo a personal calibration process. The
reason for this is that each person has a different
eye characteristic , and the eye tracking software
needs to model these in order to estimate gaze
accurately.
when the system is calibrated the eye tracking
software calculates the user’s eye gaze
coordinates with an average accuracy of around
0.5 to 1° visual angle.
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7. CALIBRATION DIAGRAM
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8. USER IN FRONT OF EYE TRACKER
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9. TRACKING PROCESS
• The user needs to be located within the
tracker’s track box which is enable by the eye
sensor embedded inside the device the user is
operating, the eye sensor contains a camera
that captures the action of the eye before
processing the action captured . The camera
tracks the reflection of the light source along
with the pupil. The data is use to determine
the rotation of the eye , direction of gaze and
blink frequency 9

10. USE CASES
• Eye tracking applications are divided into two
categories : active and passive
• Active: in active eye tracking , an eye tracker
enables the user to use their eye movements as an
input modality to control a device, it can be an
application or a game. The users eye gaze point can
be combined with other input modalities like
buttons, keyboards, mouse or touch , in order to
create a more natural interaction.
• Passive: it makes it possible to observed and
evaluate human attention objectively and non 10

11. EYE MOVEMENT
• Eye movement can be classified into fixations
and saccades; fixations occur when we look at a
given point, while saccades occur when we
perform large eye movement.
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12. EXAMPLES OF EYE CONTROLLED
APPLICATIONS
• WEB BROWSER
• PDF READER: That scrolls automatically as the
user reads on the button part of the page.
• User interface on which icon can be activated by
looking at them.
• Ninja fruit slice: where a fruit is been slice by
looking at it and slanting your eye
• An adventure game where characters react to the
player looking at them.
• An on screen keyboard designed to enable
people with severe motor disabilities to write 12

13. EYE TRACKING SYSTEM REQUIREMENT
• EYE SENSOR
• INFRARED LIGHT SOURCE
• CAMARA
• EYE
• C++ or java compilar
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14. CONCLUSION
• In a way it is possible to interact with your
devices with just a look at your device, this is a
more natural way of human computer
interaction . Although the technology is not
rampaged in the market but it does exist in
the real world computing.
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15. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Duda, S. (2009). My phone is my castle: Facing the
Special Challenges of Mobile Usability Studies. CHI
2009
• Workshop: Mobile User Experience Research:
Challenges, Methods & Tools (Unpublished) .
• Hagen, P., Robertson, T., Kan, M., & Sadler, K. (2005).
Emerging research methods for understanding mobile
• technology use. Proceedings of the 17th Australia
conference on Computer‐Human Interaction: Citizens
Online:
• Considerations for Today and the Future. 122, pp. 1‐10.
Canberra, Australia: Computer‐Human Interaction
• International Telecommunication Union. (2009, March15