This is a presentation of SAKAB, a company that treats garbage, particularly hazardous wastes from industries.

1. Welcome to

2. “Problem solver” for all kind of
Hazardous Waste and
contaminated soil

3. Facts about SAKAB
•The Owners: E.ON Sweden 100 %
• Established: Norrtorp 1976, WTE1 1983
• Facility & head office
• Transfer stations & sales offices
• Employees: abt 140
• Turnover 2008: 471 MSEK
• Management systems certified according to ISO 14001, 9001 and
OHSAS 18001.

4. Swedish legislation
Superior Acts/Laws EU-regulations
legislation Decided by the Swedish parliament
EU-directives
implemented in national
Ordinances/Regulations legislation. National
Decided by the Swedish government legislation can demand
more than the directives
Directions
Decided by authority (EPA, Swedish Work Environment
Authority, local or other)
We have to obey EG-regulations, acts/laws,
ordinances/regulations and directions. We do not have to
obey EU-directives – they are all implemented

5. SAKAB’s
Facility Norrtorp

6. SAKAB’s Facility
• Sweden’s only full-range facility for hazardous waste.
• Permitted to treat most types of hazardous waste.
• Of which: Incineration 200 000 tonnes/year
Landfill 85 000 tonnes/year
PCT plant 10 000 tonnes/year
Soil treatment 50 000 tonnes/year

7. SAKAB’s Treatment Methods
• High temperature incineration, WTE1
• Incinerations of household, industrial and hazardous waste, WTE2
• Evaporation
• PCT plant
• Hazardous waste landfill
• Treatment of contaminated soil
• Mercury treatment
• Recovery of silver
• Treatment of monitor glass (CRT)

8. Treated Volumes 1995-2008
Wastetreatment
300 000
250 000
tonnes/year
200 000
150 000
100 000
50 000
0
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Incineration WTE1 Incineration WTE2
Evaporation PCT
Mercury treatment Landfill
Soilremediation

9. Incineration
• 2/3 of the waste treated is incinerated
• Incineration of complex hazardous waste – WTE1
• Incinerations of non-hazardous waste and less complex
hazardous waste – WTE2

10. WTE1 – Incineration of Complex
Hazardous Waste
• Waste consisting organic pollutants
• High temperature, >1.200oC
• Hazardous chemical compounds are destructed
• Unique flue-gas cleaning system with continuous sampling of dioxins
• Energy-recovery (district heating and electricity)

11. Examples of Waste Incinerated
in WTE1:
• Oil waste
• Solvents
• Paint and varnish
• PCB-containing waste
• Pesticides
• Hazardous chemicals

12. WTE1

13. WTE2 – Incineration of Waste
• Examples of waste: household waste, industrial waste and
less complex types of hazardous waste such as impregnated wood
and plastics containing brominated flame retardants
• High temperature, 850oC
• Hazardous chemical compounds are destructed
• Unique flue-gas cleaning system with continous sampling of dioxins
• Energy-recovery (district heating and electricity)

14. WTE2
Boilerdome
Scrubber
Quench
Condensor
Turbine
Generator
Bunker
Heat exchanger
Absorber Baghouse filter
Fluegas fan
Electricity
Slag
District heating
Örebro
Kumla
Halllsberg

15. Evaporation of Water Containing
Hazardous Substances
• The water is superheated
• The steam is used in the incinerators
• Polluted organic concentrate is incinerated
• Polluted inorganics are landfilled after mixing with ashes
• Examples of waste: emulsions and photo-chemicals

16. Physical Chemical Treatment
• Percipitation of metals as hydroxides
• Neutralizing pickling waste
• Pickling waste often contains heavy metals
• Recovery of silver from photo-chemicals

17. Physical Chemical Treatment
Alkaline waste
Acidic waste
Chemical process Separation process
Metal hydroxide
Lime
Sodium hydroxide Sewage
treatment Steam
Sulphide
plant Hazardous
Waste
Landfill
Waste
Cooling water to
incinerator
Neutralized waste
Sludgetank

18. Treatment of Mercury Waste
• Mercury is to be excluded from the environment according to
decision in the Swedish parliament.
• Some wastes are stabilized using concrete and sulphur
and then landfilled.
• Mercury waste above 0.1 % is stored awaiting an underground storage
to be established before 2015.

19. Examples of Mercury Waste
• Fluorescent tubes
• Printed circuit boards
• Batteries
• Amalgam
• Contaminated soil
• Laboratory waste

20. Treatment of Mercury Waste
Switches
Fluorescent tubes Amalgam
Carbon Thermometres
Manometers Soil
Circuit cards Slurry
Batteries
Hg Cement,
Sulphur
Disassembly Cooling Incineration
Stabilization/
Recovery/ Landfilling Landfilling
Landfilling Hg
Heating Shredding/
Mercury Distillation Separation
components
Stabilization
Recovery
Storage

21. Treatment of Contaminated Soil
• Organic pollutants – biological treatment, soil-cleaning or
thermal treatment
• Inorganic pollutants – soil cleaning
• The different methods can be combined depending on the
types of pollution

22. Biological Treatment
• Microbes are used. The treatment can be aerobic or anaerobic
• SAKAB’s methods:
- Biosan – non-complex aliphates such as petroleum
- TOSS – complex pollutants such as explosives
- Daramend – complex pollutants such as PAH, nonylfenol and
pesticides
- The remedied soil can be re-used

23. Methods for Soil Cleaning
• Pollutants and/or the smallest fraction of the soil is separeted
• SAKAB’s methods:
- Conventional soil cleaning
- Leaching
- The remedied soil can be re-used

24. Hazardous Waste Landfill
• Inorganic waste containing heavy metals
• Ashes and slags from the incinerators, metal hydroxides,
concentrates from soil cleaning
• The landfill is constructed according to the landfill directive

25. Hazardous Waste Landfill
2007
Soil Rain/snow
20% evaporation
Topliner
Controlwell
for top liner
Synthetic liner Landfill 400 x 350
metres
Waste
Bottom liner Surface water ditch
Synthetic liner
Ditch for leachate
Existing land

26. Control of Emissions and Health
• Emissions from our plant are checked and controlled by
laws and regulations.
• The County Administrative Board is our supervising agency.
We have permits to comply with.
• Environmental check-ups of for example mosses, organic and
inorganic micro-pollutants in the air, and in fish in the lakes,
groundwater.
• Staff health check-ups
• Our own sewage treatment plant

27. Research & Development
• Co-operation with the university of Örebro. Laboratory located
at our facility. 4-5 PhD students.

28. Questions?
Thank you for your time!