1. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
jynfoŒl vwawmfu,pm;jyKaumfrwD
$ f
dk f
orkdif;0ifrSwfwrf;rSwf&mrsm;
1998 = 2003
cifausmf[ef
&SmazGpaqmif;jyKpkonf
k
jynfoŒl v$wawmf uk,pm;jyKaumfrwD
f
d f
zJŒG pnf;jcif; (5)ESpjf ynftxdr;trSwtjzpf
h
f
f
trsKd;om;'Drua&pDtzJŒG csKyf (vGwajrmufe,fajr) *syefXmecJG
dk
f
pmayESihf okawoeXmerS xkwa0onf
f
1
2. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
yxrt}udrf
tkya& (1000)
f
2003 ckEp/f pufwifbmv
S
&SmazGpaqmif;jyKpkol
k
cifausm[ef
f
xkwfa0ol
trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzJŒG csKyf (vGwajrmufe,fajr) *syefXmecJG
d
dk
f
pmayESioawoeXmerS xkwa0onf
hf k
f
rsufEmzk;tjyiftqif
S H
armifawmuf
twGi;tjyiftqif
f
armifEif / ukyn
dk d k
2
3. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
rmwdum
tydi; (1)
kf
1?
2?
3?
4?
5?
6?
7?
8?
9?
10?
11?
12?
13?
14?
15?
16?
17?
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD
f
kd f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. rJqENe,fu,pm;ðyr_
f
kd f
kd f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. xkwjf yefa=unmcsursm;ESihf
f
kd f
f
ywfoufI a':atmifqef;pk=unf. oabmxm;
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD. xkwjf yefa=unmcsursm;ESihf
f
kd f
f
ywfoufI twGi;f a&;rSL; OD;at;omatmif. oabmxm;
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDzŒJG csKyf . pmtrSwf - 060 § pnf; ( +idrf ) § 96 ?
kd
&ufpJG - 1996 ckEp/f rwfv (25) &uf?
S
wki;f &if;om;Ediia&;ygwrsm;. jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lay;&ef awmif;qkcsuf
d
kfH
D
f
d
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzJŒG csKyf . pmtrSwf - 047§pnf; (csr;f )§98 ?
kd
&ufpJG - 1998 ckEp/f ZGev (23)&uf?
S
f
a':atmifqef;pk=unf . jynforsm;tm;yef=um;csuf
l
Zlviv 28 &uf / 1998 ckEpf
kd f
S
typftcwf&yfpxm;aomtzGŒJ rsm;. jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lay;&ef
J
f
awmif;qkcsuf
d
vufiif;Ediia&;tajctaetay: rGejf ynfopfygw. tjrif
kfH
D
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf . jynfoŒl v$wawmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;a&;ESihf
dk
f
ywfoufI jynfovxo‹kd yef=um;csuf / 1998 ckEp/f =o*kwv (18) &uf?
l l k
S
f
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf . a=unmcsutrSwf 35 (8§98)
kd
f
a':atmifqef;pk=unf. jrefrmhwyfrawmfom;rsm;od‹k yef=um;csuf
=o*kwv 28 &uf/ 1998 ckEpf
f
S
a':atmifqef;pk=unf. jrefrmEkiijH ynforsm;od‹k yef=um;csuf
df
l
pufwifbmv 19 &uf/ 1998 ckEp?
S f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD ESpywfvnftxdr;f trSwae‹wif
f
kd f
f
f
G
ajym=um;onfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD OuUÏ OD;atmifa&$.
f
kd f
rde‹f ce;f ? 1999 ckEp/f pufwifbmv (16)&uf?
G
S
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD ESpywfvnftxdr;f trSwae‹wif
f
dk f
f
f
G
ajym=um;onfh jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwDtzGŒJ 0if
f
dk f
a':atmifqef;pk=unf. rde‹f ce;f ? 1999 ckEp/f pufwifbm (16) &uf//
G
S
1990 jynfEpygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ
h S f D Hk D kd
15
22
23
25
27
32
34
35
37
39
41
45
47
49
51
52
56
3
4. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
tydi; (2)
kf
18?
19?
20?
21?
22?
23?
24?
25?
26?
27?
28?
29?
30?
31?
32?
33?
34?
35?
36?
37?
38?
39?
40?
41?
42?
43?
44?
45?
46?
47?
48?
49?
4
a=unmcsutrSwf (1)
f
a=unmcsutrSwf (2)
f
a=unmcsutrSwf (3)
f
a=unmcsutrSwf (4)
f
a=unmcsutrSwf (5)
f
a=unmcsutrSwf (6)
f
a=unmcsutrSwf (7)
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 1 ( 1 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 2 ( 1 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 3 ( 1 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 4 ( 2 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 5 ( 2 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 6 ( 2 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 7 ( 2 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 8 ( 2 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 9 ( 2 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 10 ( 2 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 11 ( 2 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 12 ( 2 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 13 ( 2 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 14 ( 3 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 15 ( 3 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 16 ( 3 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 17 ( 3 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 18 ( 3 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 19 ( 4 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 20 ( 4 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 21 ( 4 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 22 ( 4 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 23 ( 4 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 24 ( 4 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 25 ( 4 § 99 )
f
91
95
96
101
103
106
108
112
115
117
121
122
126
129
130
131
133
135
136
138
145
147
150
151
154
158
161
163
164
172
179
188
5. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
50?
51?
52?
53?
54?
55?
56?
57?
58?
59?
60?
61?
62?
63?
64?
65?
66?
67?
68?
69?
70?
71?
72?
73?
74?
75?
76?
77?
78?
79?
80?
a=unmcsutrSwf 26 ( 5 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 27 ( 5 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 28 ( 5 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 29 ( 5 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 30 ( 5 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 31 ( 5 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 33 ( 5 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 34 ( 5 § 99 )
f
1999 ckEp/f arv(27) &ufae‹/ (9) ESpajrmuf ygwp'rua&pD taxGaxG
S
f
D Hk D dk
a&G;aumufyJG ESpywfvnfae‹wif jynfo‹l vwawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD.
f
G
$ f
dk f
qk;H jzwfcsursm;
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 35 ( 6 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 36 ( 6 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 37 ( 6 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 38 ( 6 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 39 ( 7 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 40 ( 7 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 41 ( 7 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 42 ( 7 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 43 ( 7 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 44 ( 7 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 45 ( 7 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 46 ( 7 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 47 ( 7 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 48 ( 8 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 49 ( 8 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 50 ( 8 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 51 ( 8 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 52 ( 9 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 53 ( 9 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 54 ( 9 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 55 ( 9 § 99 )
f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfuu,pm;ðyonfaumfrwD . wESpajrmufaomae‹
f
kd kd f
h
f
a=unmpmwrf;? (16-9-98) &ufae‹rS (16-9-99) &ufae‹txd ?
190
194
196
197
199
200
202
214
220
224
230
234
235
238
239
241
242
244
245
246
248
251
252
253
255
262
264
265
266
269
271
5
6. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
$ f
d f
81?
82?
83?
84?
85?
86?
87?
88?
89?
90?
91?
92?
93?
94?
95?
96?
97?
98?
99?
100?
101?
102?
103?
104?
105?
106?
107?
108?
109?
6
a=unmcsutrSwf 56 ( 9 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 57 ( 9 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 58 ( 9 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 59 ( 10 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 60 ( 10 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 61 ( 10 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 62 ( 11 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 63 ( 11 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 64 ( 11 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 65 ( 12 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 66 ( 12 § 99 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 1 ( 1 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 2 ( 1 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 3 ( 1 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 4 ( 1 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 5 ( 2 § 00 )
f
(53)ESpajrmuf jynfaxmifpae‹a=unmcsuf
f
k
a=unmcsutrSwf 6 ( 2 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 7 ( 3 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 8 ( 3 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 9 ( 3 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 10 ( 3 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 11 ( 4 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 12 ( 4 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 13 ( 4 § 00 )
f
ygwp'rua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG q,fepajrmufa=unmcsuf
D Hk D dk
S f
a=unmcsutrSwf 14 ( 5 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 15 ( 8 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 16 ( 8 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 17 ( 8 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 18 ( 9 § 00 )
f
283
285
287
290
291
293
297
298
300
302
305
308
309
314
317
319
321
327
329
333
335
339
341
342
343
347
349
351
353
7. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
110?
111?
112?
113?
114?
a=unmcsutrSwf 19 ( 9 § 00 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 1 ( 9 § 02 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 1 ( 10 § 02 )
f
a=unmcsutrSwf 2 ( 10 § 02 )
f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfuu,pm;ðyonfaumfrwD. (56) ESpajrmuf
f
kd kd f
h
f
jynfaxmifpae‹ a=unmpmwrf;? 2003ckEp/f azaz:0g&v (12) &uf?
k
S
D
357
358
359
360
361
tydi; (3)
kf
115?
116?
117?
118?
119?
120?
121?
122?
123?
124?
125?
126?
Ekiia&;ygwrsm;rSwywifjcif;Oya' (Edii+H idr0yfyjd ym;r_
dfH
D
f Hk
kf f
wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ Oya'trSwf 4§88 )
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf . a=unmcsutrSwf (9) ?
kd
f
&ufpJG - 1989 ckEp/f azaz:0g&v (12) &uf?
S
D
a&G;aumufytjyD; jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; Ekiia&;ygwaygi;f pkH
JG
k dk
dfH
D
oabmxm;a=unmcsuf
Ediiawmf+idr0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ . a=unmcsuf
kfH
f
a=unmcsurwf ( 1 § 90 )
f S
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf . *ENcef;r a=unmpmwrf;
kd
D
&ufpJG - 1990 jy!fEp/f Zlviv ( 28 § 29 )
h S
kd f
Advatmifausmvrf; yl;wGa=unmcsutrSwf (1)
k f
f
J
f
1990 jy!fEp/f =o*kwv (29)&uf?
h S
f
&Sr;f wdi;f &if;om;rsm;'Drua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf rS w&m;ðyvkyc&r_twGuf
k
kd
fH
e0w OuUÏ xH ay;pm? &ufpJG - 1996 ckEp/f 'DZifbmv (28) &uf?
S
tusO;f uscH trsKd ;om;Ediia&;tiftm;pk. xkwjf yefa=unmcsu?
kfH
f
&ufpJG - 1999 ckEp/f arv ( 4 ) &uf ?
S
trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDtzJŒG csKyfuu,pm;rðyawmhonfh
kd
kd kd f
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,rsm;
f
kd f
f
Ediia&;ygwrsm;&SioefrS 'Drua&'Dpepfci+f rJrnf (OD;cifarmif=unf)
kfH
D
f
kd
kd
Ediia&;tusO;f om;qdonfrm
kfH
k
S
vGwvyfa&;opPmt"dÏmefu;kd csuf
f
375
377
379
383
388
392
397
406
408
410
413
415
7
8. tyd'f (21)
k
(1) vlwi;f wGif rdrEii. tkycsKyfa&;Y uk,wijf zpfap/ vGwvyfpma&G;cs,vuf
kd
d kd f H
f
d f kd
f
G
f dk
onfh ud,pm;vS,rsm;rSwqifjh zpfap yg0ifaqmif&uEici&onf?
k f
f
G f kd f G hf dS
(2) vlwi;f wGif rdr.Edii&dS jynfoŒl 0efxrf;tzJŒG Y 0ifa&mufEi&ef wlnonftcGihf
kd
d kfH
kd f
D h
ta&;&Sonf?
d
(3) jynfojl ynfom;wd@k .qENonf tkycsKyfrtm%m.tajccHjzpf&rnf? tqdyg
f _
k
qENukd tcseumvydi;f jcm;vsuf ppfreaoma&G;aumufyrsm;jzifh xif&m;ap&
df
k
Sf
JG
S
rnf? a&G;aumufyrsm;wGivnf; vlwi;f tnDtr# qENray;Edici&&rnftjyif/
JG
f
kd
J k f G hf dS h
xka&G;aumufyrsm;udk v#Kd Œ0Suray;pepfjzifjh zpfap/ tvm;wl vGwvyfaomrJ
d
JG
fJ
f
ay;pepfjzifjh zpfap usi;f y&rnf?
(tjynf j ynf q d k i f & m vl @ tcG i f h t a&; a=unmpmwrf ; )
Article ( 21 )
(1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of
his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.
(2) Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in
his country.
(3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority
of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic
and Genuine elections which shall be by universal suffrage
and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Adopted and proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 217 A (III)
of 10 December 1948
9. xkwfa0ol. trSmpm
jrefrmEdiiwif wdi;f &if;om;jynfovx}k uD;w&yfv;kH &ifqióf uHawGŒ
kfH G k
l l
kd
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kf
hf
kd
a&pDEiiawmf}u;D wnfaxmifEia&;wd‹k twGuf jynfovwawmfw&yf tjrefq;kH
kd f H
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l $ f
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f
f
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k
k
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G f
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f
kd f
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f
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l
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h
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f G
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jynfo@l vwawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD[m jrefrmjynf wdi;f &if;om; jynfol
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kd f
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f
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k
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19. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
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rdi;f qwfe,fajrwd@k wif rd;k [de;f (1§2§3)ppfqifa&;wd@k wif yg0ifconf? 1979 ckEpwif wyf&if;rª;/
k
G
G
hJ
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cv&(97) aumhu&dw/f jr0wD/ bm;tH? 1984 ckEpwif 'kw,Advr;ª }uD;tqifjh zifh wyfrawmfrS
S f G
d k f
t+idr;f pm;,lconf?
hJ
(15) OD;pdk;0if;/ tzGŒJ 0if/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD/
f
kd f
trsK;d om;'Drua&pDygw/D
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d
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,/f /
f
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tz OD;=uifqi.om; OD;pd;k 0if;udk 1945 ckEp/f =o*kwv (7)&ufae@wiarG;zGm;onf?
kd f
S
f
Gf
anmifO;D òrŒd Zmwdjzpfonf? 1968 ckEpwif &efuep;D yGm;a&;wuUovrS 0g%Z(pufrEiuexw)
Sf G
kf
kd f
d …
_ S hf k f k f
bGŒJ &onf? 1968-72 okawoevufaxmuf(pDrue;f Xme) tkwusi;f *Hepuf±/kH ‚if;aemuf yHEyf
H d
f
kD
k dS
vkyief;vkyuionf?
f
f kd f
(16) OD;ode;f az tzGŒJ 0if/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD/
az/
f
dk f
woD;yk*v/ ppfui;f wki;f / uef@bvlòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)/
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kd d
jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,/f /
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tz OD;boif.om; OD;ode;f azudk 1940 jynfEp/f Zefe0g&v (5)&ufae@wizm;jrifonf?
hS
D
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[krvif;Zmwfjzpfonf? 1958 ckEpwif [krvif; txurSwef;jrifausmif;xGupmar;yGatmifI
R
Sf G
R
h
f
J
20
21. ordi;0if rSwwrf; rSw&mrsm;
kf
f
f
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S f G
S f S
tjzpf aus;vufuse;f rma&;Xmersm;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifc+hJ yD; 1987 ckEpwif t+idr;f pm;,lcJ
S f G
onf? 29-9-90 &ufae@u tr&yl&(2) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrfwGif
ðyvkyaom ,m,Dtpd;k &zG@J pnf;a&; v#Kd @0utpnf;ta0;od@k wufa&mufcI oufqi&mrS xde;f
f
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hJ
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(17) OD;ausmrif;/ tzGŒJ 0if/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD/
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jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,/f /
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tz OD;azmfaZmfa&mfref;/ trd a':avrefcgw.om; OD;ausmrif;(c)rmarmufa&Smif±_
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f
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l
Sf GfG
jzpf o nf ? rd a usmif ; aus;&G m tru/ awmif b Zm tvu/ ppf a wG txu
wd@k wiynmoif=um;cJonf? 1968 ckEpwif pD;yGm;a&;wuUovrS ( B.Com. )bGŒJ &onf? 1969
Gf
h
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kd f
ckEpwif txu(3) ppfawG txufwef;jyq&m/ 1983 ckEpwif ynma&;'DyvdrmbGŒJ &I bl;oD;
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k
awmifòrŒd e,f vufaxmufynma&;rª;/ 1985 wGif tv,fwef;ausmif;tkytjzpf aqmif&uc&mrS
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1989 ckEp/f rwfvwGif tvkyrxwy,fc&onf?
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(18) OD;axmifcxef;/ tzGŒJ 0if/ jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;ðyaumfrwD/
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jynfoŒl v$wawmfu,pm;vS,/f /
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wrl;òrdŒe,f/ pHuyfaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1951 ckEp/f Zlviv (5)&ufae@wif tz
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kd
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21
22. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
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25
26. jynfoŒl vwawmf uk,pm;ðyaumfrwD
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