Module 2 Revision

Module 2 Revision Industrial Organic Chemistry

2.5a. Conditions for ammonia and nitric acid manufacture ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Making Nitric Acid Ammonia is changed into nitric acid in the Ostwald process. This is another equilibrium process which starts with the reaction of ammonia and oxygen. 4NH 3 (g) + 5O 2 (g) -> 4NO(g) + 6H 2 O(g) ∆ H= -900 kJmol-1 The optimum (best) conditions for this process which give the greatest yield are a pressure of 10 atmospheres a temperature of about 900 °C a catalyst of platinum and rhodium The nitrogen monoxide is then mixed with oxygen and flows up a column down which water flows. The result is a solution of 65% nitric acid. 4NO(g) + 3O 2 (g) +2H 2 O(l) -> 4HNO 3 (aq)

2.5b. Conditions for sulfuric acid manufacture ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

2.5e. The electrolytic extraction of aluminium ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Process ,[object Object],[object Object]

Cost of Aluminium Extraction ,[object Object],[object Object]

2.5g. The electrolysis of sodium chloride ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Diagram of a Membrane Cell Below is a diagram of a membrane cell:

Reactions taking place ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How the electrolysis works ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Uses of chlorine and sodium chlorate ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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