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On Simple Drugs:
an in-depth study of the
Syriac text of Book Nine
Rethinking Ancient Pharmacology: the transmission and interpretation
of Galen’s treatise On simple drugs
Rome 22th September 2017
Dr Naima Afif (The University of Manchester)
The Syriac Galen Palimpsest
Project
Full title: The Syriac Galen Palimpsest: Galen’s
On Simple Drugs and the Recovery of Lost
Texts through Sophisticated Imaging
Techniques (September 2015 to February
2020); AH/M005704/1.
Plan
- coverage of Book 9 in SGP
- structure of the text
- additional content in SGP and not in Kühn
Coverage of Book 9 in SGP
- chapters 1-3
- 4 missing folios = 15 pages in Kühn’s edition
Working hypothesis
1 single-sided bifolium of SGP = 2 pages of Kühn’s
Greek text
ff. 206v–212r K., XII, 216–217
Missing content in SGP within
chapters 1-3
- 2 folios : translator’s preface, list of chapters and
Galen's introduction up to K. p. 163
- 1 folio : a part of the chapter on various types of
e a r t h (Περὶ τῶν διαφορῶν τῆς συνήθως
ὀνομαζομένης γῆς) and on types of earth that
necessites to be washed (Περὶ πλύσεως γῆς, K., p.
173–178)
- 1 folio : a part of the chapter on Samian earth
(Περὶ Σαμίας γῆς, K. p. 188–192).
Missing content in SGP
outside chapters 1-3
- 40 folios = 30 pages in Kühn’s edition (entry on
diphryges until the end of the Book)
- 48 % of Book nine in Syriac survived through
SGP
Naima Afif, Rome, Keynote presentation 22 Sept 2017
Naima Afif, Rome, Keynote presentation 22 Sept 2017
Naima Afif, Rome, Keynote presentation 22 Sept 2017
Structure of the chapters in
Book 9
Books 6-8
- main text (dark brown)
- entry names or chapter titles (red)
Book 9
- main text (dark brown)
- no entry names or chapter titles
Rubrics in
Book 8
ff.
166r-171v
φλόμος
φοίνικος
No
rubrics in
Book 9
ff. 02v-03r
!"#$‫ܘܗܪ‬ (")*+, !-.$/,‫ܕ‬ ‫ܝ‬ ̇‫ܗ‬ ‫ܘܐܦ‬
(«  And also the one that is named magnetite or
Heraclia »)
Τῶν λίθων δ’ ἐστὶ μία καὶ ἡ μαγνῖτις τε καὶ
Ἡρακλεία καλουμένη (K. p. 204)
!"5‫ܐܪ‬ !-.$/,‫ܕ‬ ‫ܝ‬ ̇‫ܗ‬ («  The one that is
named Arabia »)
Ὅ γε μὴν Ἀράβιος καλούμενος λίθος (K. p.
204).
678/9,‫ܕ‬ 6":‫ܗ‬ !̈<=8 ‫ܘܐܦ‬ 6-‫ܕ‬ /-‫ܐ‬
‫@?]ܓ[ܐ‬A5 (« They are also stones that are
found in sponges »)
Εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ οἱ ἐν τοῖς σπόγγοις εὑρισκόμενοι
λίθοι (K. p. 205)
(")"8‫).ܐ‬B‫ܐܘ‬ CD,/9,‫ܕ‬ ‫ܝ‬ ̇‫ܗ‬ 6-‫ܕ‬ !<=E:
(« the stone that is named ostracitis »)
Τὸν δὲ ὀστρακίτην ὀνομαζόμενον λίθον (K.,
p. 206)
‫ܐܘ<)=ܣ‬ !-.$/,‫ܕ‬ ‫ܝ‬ ̇‫ܗ‬ ‫ܬܘܒ‬ !<=8‫ܘ‬
(« And also the stone that is named ophite »)
Καὶ ὀφίτης δὲ καλούμενος λίθος (K., p. 206).
Additional content in SGP
- not in Kühn’s edition
- knowledge of the transmission of Galen in Syriac
- textual tradition of the Galen’s treatise On Simple
Drugs
ff.
33r-36v:
end of
Book 8,
beginning
of Book 9
A translator’s introduction?
- ?I9@J: 6: K"B !L‫ܕܗ‬ (« that is now our intention to
translate »), Book 6
- !M##J, 6, ?I9@J: 6: K"B !L‫ܕܗ‬ !N‫ܗ‬ O"8‫ܗ‬ !5.95
!*-‫?ܪ‬B !*9#: !"N?- (« in this discourse, then, which we
now intend to translate from the Greek language into
the Syriac tongue »), Book 6
- ?I9@J: 6: K"B !L‫ܕܗ‬ !N‫ܗ‬ P.,=MJ5 6-‫ܕ‬ !L‫ܗ‬
(«  now in this discourse that we now intend to
translate »), Book 7
- ‫ܬܐܕܘܪܐ‬ ‫ܢ‬?R‫ܐ‬ ‫ܐܘ‬ ?I9@J: 6: K"B («  it is our
intention to translate, O our brother Theodore »)
- ?I9@J: 6: K"B !L‫ܕܗ‬ (« that is now our intention to
translate »), Book 8
Armenian earth
About digamma ϝ
SGP ff. 184r-185v and 184v-185r
Urb. Gr. 67 , ff. 239v-240r
Urb. Gr. 67, ff. 239v-240r
Urb. Gr. 67, f. 240r
ff. 184v-185r:
Book 9, (not
in Kühn)-
XII, p.
192-193. Περὶ
ἐνεργουσῶν
ποιοτήτων τῶν
λίθων.
ff.
184r-185v:
Book 9, XII,
p. 193-195.
Περὶ
αἱματίτου,
γαλακτίτου
καὶ μελιτίτου.
Armenian city’s name
!N‫=ܘ‬S=5
Digamma (ϝ) in SGP
‫@"@/ܐ‬T !M,=S
Digamma in Syriac script
‫.ܘܕܐ‬ ̈S
[!N]!M:= ̈S
Initial digamma
SGP : [!N]!M:= ̈S
U : σελίνην
(for Ϝελένην)
Conclusion
- significance of the Syriac translation of On Simple Drugs of Book 9
- identify the translator of Books outside 6-8
- Armenian city
- grammatical discussion on digamma
- correct the Greek text
- edition of the Syriac version of Book 9 of On Simpe Drugs
ϝin

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Naima Afif, Rome, Keynote presentation 22 Sept 2017

  • 1. On Simple Drugs: an in-depth study of the Syriac text of Book Nine Rethinking Ancient Pharmacology: the transmission and interpretation of Galen’s treatise On simple drugs Rome 22th September 2017 Dr Naima Afif (The University of Manchester)
  • 2. The Syriac Galen Palimpsest Project Full title: The Syriac Galen Palimpsest: Galen’s On Simple Drugs and the Recovery of Lost Texts through Sophisticated Imaging Techniques (September 2015 to February 2020); AH/M005704/1.
  • 3. Plan - coverage of Book 9 in SGP - structure of the text - additional content in SGP and not in Kühn
  • 4. Coverage of Book 9 in SGP - chapters 1-3 - 4 missing folios = 15 pages in Kühn’s edition
  • 5. Working hypothesis 1 single-sided bifolium of SGP = 2 pages of Kühn’s Greek text ff. 206v–212r K., XII, 216–217
  • 6. Missing content in SGP within chapters 1-3 - 2 folios : translator’s preface, list of chapters and Galen's introduction up to K. p. 163 - 1 folio : a part of the chapter on various types of e a r t h (Περὶ τῶν διαφορῶν τῆς συνήθως ὀνομαζομένης γῆς) and on types of earth that necessites to be washed (Περὶ πλύσεως γῆς, K., p. 173–178) - 1 folio : a part of the chapter on Samian earth (Περὶ Σαμίας γῆς, K. p. 188–192).
  • 7. Missing content in SGP outside chapters 1-3 - 40 folios = 30 pages in Kühn’s edition (entry on diphryges until the end of the Book) - 48 % of Book nine in Syriac survived through SGP
  • 11. Structure of the chapters in Book 9 Books 6-8 - main text (dark brown) - entry names or chapter titles (red) Book 9 - main text (dark brown) - no entry names or chapter titles
  • 15. !"#$‫ܘܗܪ‬ (")*+, !-.$/,‫ܕ‬ ‫ܝ‬ ̇‫ܗ‬ ‫ܘܐܦ‬ («  And also the one that is named magnetite or Heraclia ») Τῶν λίθων δ’ ἐστὶ μία καὶ ἡ μαγνῖτις τε καὶ Ἡρακλεία καλουμένη (K. p. 204)
  • 16. !"5‫ܐܪ‬ !-.$/,‫ܕ‬ ‫ܝ‬ ̇‫ܗ‬ («  The one that is named Arabia ») Ὅ γε μὴν Ἀράβιος καλούμενος λίθος (K. p. 204).
  • 17. 678/9,‫ܕ‬ 6":‫ܗ‬ !̈<=8 ‫ܘܐܦ‬ 6-‫ܕ‬ /-‫ܐ‬ ‫@?]ܓ[ܐ‬A5 (« They are also stones that are found in sponges ») Εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ οἱ ἐν τοῖς σπόγγοις εὑρισκόμενοι λίθοι (K. p. 205)
  • 18. (")"8‫).ܐ‬B‫ܐܘ‬ CD,/9,‫ܕ‬ ‫ܝ‬ ̇‫ܗ‬ 6-‫ܕ‬ !<=E: (« the stone that is named ostracitis ») Τὸν δὲ ὀστρακίτην ὀνομαζόμενον λίθον (K., p. 206)
  • 19. ‫ܐܘ<)=ܣ‬ !-.$/,‫ܕ‬ ‫ܝ‬ ̇‫ܗ‬ ‫ܬܘܒ‬ !<=8‫ܘ‬ (« And also the stone that is named ophite ») Καὶ ὀφίτης δὲ καλούμενος λίθος (K., p. 206).
  • 20. Additional content in SGP - not in Kühn’s edition - knowledge of the transmission of Galen in Syriac - textual tradition of the Galen’s treatise On Simple Drugs
  • 22. A translator’s introduction? - ?I9@J: 6: K"B !L‫ܕܗ‬ (« that is now our intention to translate »), Book 6 - !M##J, 6, ?I9@J: 6: K"B !L‫ܕܗ‬ !N‫ܗ‬ O"8‫ܗ‬ !5.95 !*-‫?ܪ‬B !*9#: !"N?- (« in this discourse, then, which we now intend to translate from the Greek language into the Syriac tongue »), Book 6 - ?I9@J: 6: K"B !L‫ܕܗ‬ !N‫ܗ‬ P.,=MJ5 6-‫ܕ‬ !L‫ܗ‬ («  now in this discourse that we now intend to translate »), Book 7 - ‫ܬܐܕܘܪܐ‬ ‫ܢ‬?R‫ܐ‬ ‫ܐܘ‬ ?I9@J: 6: K"B («  it is our intention to translate, O our brother Theodore ») - ?I9@J: 6: K"B !L‫ܕܗ‬ (« that is now our intention to translate »), Book 8
  • 23. Armenian earth About digamma ϝ SGP ff. 184r-185v and 184v-185r Urb. Gr. 67 , ff. 239v-240r
  • 24. Urb. Gr. 67, ff. 239v-240r
  • 25. Urb. Gr. 67, f. 240r
  • 26. ff. 184v-185r: Book 9, (not in Kühn)- XII, p. 192-193. Περὶ ἐνεργουσῶν ποιοτήτων τῶν λίθων.
  • 27. ff. 184r-185v: Book 9, XII, p. 193-195. Περὶ αἱματίτου, γαλακτίτου καὶ μελιτίτου.
  • 29. Digamma (ϝ) in SGP ‫@"@/ܐ‬T !M,=S
  • 30. Digamma in Syriac script ‫.ܘܕܐ‬ ̈S [!N]!M:= ̈S
  • 31. Initial digamma SGP : [!N]!M:= ̈S U : σελίνην (for Ϝελένην)
  • 32. Conclusion - significance of the Syriac translation of On Simple Drugs of Book 9 - identify the translator of Books outside 6-8 - Armenian city - grammatical discussion on digamma - correct the Greek text - edition of the Syriac version of Book 9 of On Simpe Drugs
  • 33. ϝin