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エニグマのようなものをRaspberry Piで再現したもの デモ動画: https://youtu.be/QfIU4Iw-8Hs
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EnigmaPi
1.
エニグマとは -歴史- • 第2次世界大戦時にナチスドイツが使用した暗号機 •
当時世界最先端の装置 (後に大戦中に連合軍によって解読された) 余談 • エニグマで暗号化して無線通信をすることで, Uボートは効果的に作戦を行うことができた • 「計算機科学の父」Alan Turingも解読に携わった
2.
前提: 換字式暗号について 単一換字式暗号 • 平文の文字に対して,必ず同じ暗号文の文字に変換される •
アルファベット1文字に対して暗号文字は1つ → 頻度分析によって解読 A B C D E ・・・ V W X Y Z ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ E D S A V C L M H U
3.
エニグマの各部パーツ • ローター • キー・ランプ(入出力) •
プラグボード 画像出典: Bob Lord - German Enigma Machine by en:User:Matt Crypto https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=258976
4.
エニグマ -特徴 プラグボード- 使い方 3-10個の文字のペアを作ってケーブルで繋ぐ 目的 プラグの両端に対応する文字を入れ替える →3.5×106以上の鍵規約数を実現 画像出典:
Bob Lord - German Enigma Machine by en:User:Matt Crypto https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=258976
5.
エニグマ -特徴 ローター- 役割 •
単文字換字表として動作する ローター3枚で105,456通り 動作 • ①のローターは1文字入力されるごとに1文字分ずれる • ②のローターは①のローターが1回転すると1文字分ずれる • ③のローターは②のローターが1回転すると1文字分ずれる →Aを入力し続けても,17576回入力しないと 同一文字にならない = 頻度分析対策 画像出典: Enigma_rotor_set by Wapcaplet https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=23793 ① ② ③
6.
エニグマ -特徴 リフレクター- 役割 •
反転ローターとも呼ばれるが,回転しない • ローターを通った信号を再びローターに返す • 暗号化と復号が同じ手順で可能
7.
エニグマとは –機構- A B C E D キー/ライト プラグボード
ローター x3 リフレクター
8.
エニグマ -設定- • ローター配列
(どのローターをどの順で使用するか) • ローター位置 (1文字目をローターのどこで始めるか) • プラグボードの組み合わせ • (日鍵 / 通信鍵) これらの主に3つの要素の設定で暗号・復号を行う →本体が盗まれても設定がわからなければ解読が難しい
9.
エニグマの再現 電気機械としてすべてを再現するのはハードルが高い (技術,コスト) エニグマをモダンに再実装する →暗号化の処理はソフトウェアで実装 →入出力は実際に物理ボタンや液晶等で実装 その他の動機 • ソフトウェアの実装だけでは面白くない • 見た目も凝りたい!(電子工作に挑戦)
10.
対比 ランプ(出力) ローター キー プラグボード 画像出典: Bob Lord
- German Enigma Machine by en:User:Matt Crypto https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=258976 エニグマ エニグマ
11.
エニグマの再現 -プラグボード- 実装 • 処理途中で変化しないことから, 最初に状態を読み取り記憶しておく 処理順序 •
1つのピンに信号を送信 • 他のすべてのピンの入力を確認 • 入力がある場合接続されているとみなす (これをA-Zの分だけ繰り返す) A B C D E 出力 入力を確認 AとEをつないだ場合
12.
エニグマの再現 -ローター- パーツ • ロータリースイッチで指定 •
3つのスイッチはそれぞれ5通り選択可能 (5枚のローターから3枚選んで並べる動作を簡略化)
13.
エニグマの再現 -入力- パーツ タクトスイッチ +
キーキャップ(3Dプリンターで作成) 特徴 • キー配列はオリジナル準拠(QWERTZ配列)+Enterキー
14.
エニグマの再現 -出力- • LCDキャラクタディスプレイモジュール
(SC1602) • エラー・ステータス・処理結果を表示
15.
エニグマの再現 -外見- • 3Dプリンターで作成したパーツと木材を使用
16.
エニグマの再現 -処理- 環境 • Raspberry
Pi Zero WH • Raspberry Pi OS Lite • Python 3.8
17.
エニグマの再現 -処理- 暗号技術入門(結城 浩
著)等を読みつつ設計 換字表 • ローターごとにシードを固定してランダム生成 設定 • プラグボードやローターは状態を記憶→処理
18.
エニグマの再現 -デモ-
19.
リンク集 Twitter: @seigo2018 GitHub :
seigo2016 Portfolio: https://seigo2016.com
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