 INTRODUCTION
 HISTORY
 WHY IOT
 IOT ELEMENTS
 LAYERS
 DEMANDS
 APPLICATIONS
 CHALLENGES
 CONCLUSION

 It is the network of physical objects or things embedded
with electronics , software, sensors and connectivity.
 With the growing presence of WiFi and 4G-LTE wireless
Internet access, the evolution towards ubiquitous
information and communication networks is already
evident.

 Term was coined by Kevin Ashton in 1999
 Concept was discussed in 1982 with a modified coke
machine.
 Radio-frequency identification (RFID) was seen as a
prerequisite for the Internet of Things in the early days.

 Dynamic control of industry & daily life.
 Improve the resource utilization ratio.
 Integrating human society & physical system.
 Universal transport & internet working.
 Flexible configuration.

 Hardware - sensors ,actuators ,embedded
communication hardware
 Middleware - storage and computing tools for data
analytics
 Presentation - visualization

Application
Management service
Gateway &network
Sensor
IOT

SENSOR LAYER
 Lowest abstraction layer.
 Measure physical quantities.
 Interconnects the physical and digital world.
 Collects & process the real time information .

GATEWAY & NETWORK LAYER
 Robust & high performance network infrastructure.
 Supports communication requirements for latency
,bandwidths.
 Allows multiple organizations to share & use the same
network independently.

MANAGEMENT SERVICE LAYER
 Capturing of periodic sensory data.
 Data analytics.
 Streaming analytics .
 Security & privacy of data.

APPLICATION LAYER
 Provides a user interface for using IOT.
 Different applications for various sectors.

 Shared understanding –User & appliances
 Software architecture-contextual information where it
is relevant
 Analytical tools-Autonomous & smart behavior

IOT is broadly classified into 5 categories
 Smart Wearable
 Smart City
 Smart Home
 Smart Manufacturing
 Smart Enterprise

 Sensing - Innovative ways to sense and deliver
information from the physical world to the
cloud
 Connectivity- Variety of wired and wireless connectivity
standards are required to enable
different application needs
 Power - Many IoT applications need to run for years
over batteries and reduce the overall energy
consumption

 Security - Protecting users' privacy and manufacturers'
IP detecting and blocking malicious activity
 Complex - IoT application development needs to be
easy for all developers, not just to experts
 Cloud - IoT applications require end-to-end solutions
including cloud services

 We must expand smart object design beyond hardware and
software to include interaction design as well as social aspects.
 Building applications with RFID data in the IOT is challenging
,not just because it provides only low level information but also
metadata associated with tags ,antennas must be personalized.
 With the emergence of an IOT new regularly approaches to
ensure its privacy & security become necessary.

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