More Related Content More from Semantic Web Company (20) Ronald Stamper Workshop Organizational Semiotics1. A
Pragma(c
Web
Workshop
Ronald
Stamper
stamper.measur@gmail.com
Pragma(cs
in
a
Semio(c
Framework
built
on
a
Seman(c
Theory
based
on
a
Presen(st
Ontology
of
Actualism
leading
to
the
concept
of
Ontological
Dependency
and
a
Seman(c
Normal
Form
with
Seman(c
Temporal
DB
¿
able
to
support
an
Open
Common
“Ontology”
?
with
pragma(c
tools
for
web
discourse
finally
a
SMALL
CASE
STUDY
©
Ronald
K
Stamper
2009
I‐SEMANTICS
'09
GRAZ
2. SEMIOTIC
FRAMEWORK
seman:cs
of
“informa:on”
Human
Informa:on
Func:ons
(neglected)
SOCIAL
WORLD:
norms,
law,
culture,
aWtudes,
values,
beliefs
commitments,
norms
EFFECTIVENESS
PRAGMATICS:
inten(ons,
communica(ons,
conversa(ons,
nego(a(ons
sign‐tokens
SEMANTICS:
meaning,
significa(on,
denota(on,
connota(on,
validity,
truth‐falsehood
sign‐types
Technical
PlaLorm
(dominant)
SYNTACTICS:
formal
structure,
logic,
sign‐types
EFFICIENCY
language
syntax,
so[ware,
data,
files
EMPIRICS:
paern,
variety,
noise,
entropy,
populaDons
of
channel
capacity,
redundancy,
efficiency
codes
sign‐tokens
PHYSICAL
WORLD:
signals,
traces,
hardware,
speed,
energy
and
material
consump(on,
info
economics
sign‐tokens
Semio(c
Framework
©
Ronald
K
Stamper
2009
3. AN
EMPIRICAL
APPROACH
TO
IS
AS
A
HUMAN
SYSTEM
–
LAW
TO
‘PROGRAM’
PEOPLE
A 1m shelf of legal norms gives
rise to the huge DSS bureaucracy
Via 400, 5cm books of
clerical codes (info flow)
for 20% of the norms
of which 10% can be +
automated – requiring
programs and piles of
documentation
Why not formalise 2% of those legal
norms and generate the systems directly?
©
Ronald
K
Stamper
2009
4. INFORMATION
FIELD
MODEL
Norwich
City COMPANY
ABC
Ltd
Overlapping
groups
of
people
City
Council sharing
norms
define
informa(on
fields
COMPANY
XYZ
Ltd
Accountany New
methods
profession
define
a
system
of
norms
:
Informa(on
fields
defined
by
shared
norms
Norms
determine
the
signs
/
attitudes action
norms
informa(on
requirements
interpretation expression environment
Current
focus
on
signs
observation
sign
movements
and
transforma(on
©
Ronald
K
Stamper
2009
5. KEY
PROBLEMS
IN
THE
HUMAN
INFORMATION
SYSTEM
role
of
signs
in
rela:on
with
norms
meaning
of
“meaning”
and
hence
nature
of
reality
responsibility
for
linking
data
and
reality
history
and
Dme
when
things
exist
The
law
points
the
way
it
requires
evidence,
both
material
and
verbal
from
witnesses
especially
evidence
of
inten:ons
THESE
CONCEPTS
ARE
NOT
OPTIONAL
EXTRAS
BUT
OBLIGATORY
FOR
SEMANTIC
AND
PRAGMATIC
ANALYSES
Between
©
Ronald
K
Stamper
2009
7. AN
ENGINEER’S
ONTOLOGY
if
<SIGN>
denotes
<THING>
then
TAKE
ME
BY
THE
HAND
and
SHOW
ME
if
successful
I’ll
accept
that
the
<THING>
EXISTS
This
ontology
appears
restric(ve
but
it
is
not
©
Ronald
K
Stamper
2009
8. AFFORDANCES
‐
Perceptual
Norms
What
does
the
world
consist
of
(our
ontological
assump:on)?
Gibson’s
theory
of
invariant
affordances
organisms
perceive
the
repertoires
of
behaviour
that
enable
them
to
survive
physically
we
create
our
social
reality
with
norms
defining
addi(onal
invariant
repertoires
of
behaviour
EXAMPLES:
towards,
cup,
copyright
Actualism
–
an
ontology
for
engineers
1) No
reality
without
a
knowing
agent
2) No
knowledge
of
the
world
without
ac:on
©
Ronald
K
Stamper
2009
10. Ontological
Dependency
Syntax
of
Norma
of
each
affordance
upon
its
antecedents
Gibson’s
theory
suggests
a
formal
Syntax
for
norms
and
affordances
AGENT
affordance
John
ball
When
an
Agent
realizes
an
affordance
it
becomes
a
modified
Agent:
(AGENT
affordance1)
affordance2
John
ball
throw
with
one
direct
antecedent
Two
coexis(ng
realiza(ons
may
afford
other
ones:
AGENT
affordance1
while
AGENT
affordance2
John
ball
while
John
bat
affords
another
one
:
AGENT
(affordance1
while
affordance2)
affordance3
John
(ball
while
bat)
hit
with
two
direct
antecedents
©
Ronald
K
Stamper
2009
13. Seman:c
Normal
Form
(vs.
OO,
ER,
Rela:onal
.
.
.
Models)
GEOMETRY
SURROGATE
STRUCTURE
COLLATERAL $
Surrogate
number
BRANCHES s
Universal
affordance
1
Antecedent‐1
Root 2
[Antecedent‐2]
STEM affordance BRANCH
agent
+
Start
COLLATERAL ‐
Finish
BRANCHES @
Authority
for
start
&
Authority
for
finish
THE
RULES
affordance
=
invariant
repertoire
of
behaviour
(NOT
data
item)
affordance
only
exists
during
co‐existence
of
all
those
in
its
stem
maximum
of
two
direct
antecedents
per
affordance
represents
the
here‐and‐now,
the
only
(me
we
can
know
directly
past
and
future
(mes
constructed
using
signs
(informa(on)
PRESENTISM
©
Ronald
K
Stamper
2009
14. PRESENTISM’s
CHALLENCE
EVADED
Berkeley's ontology: God perceives all
Satirised in the limerick:
There was a young man who said "God
Must think it exceedingly odd
If he finds that this tree
Continues to be
When there's no one about in the Quad."
Ronald Knox replied:
"Dear Sir, your astonishment's odd;
I am always about in the Quad
And that's why this tree
Will continue to be
Since observed by
Yours faithfully, God."
©
Ronald
K
Stamper
2009
17. INTRINSIC
SURROGATE
ATTRIBUTES
(not
op:onal
extras)
• $
Surrogate
number
• s
Universal
affordance
• 1
Antecedent‐1
• 2
[Antecedent‐2]
• +
Start
• ‐
Finish
• @
Authority
for
start
KEY
TO
PRAGMATIC
• &
Authority
for
finish
STATUS
@
&
=
comm.
act
(document),
norm,
agent
.
.
.
©
Ronald
K
Stamper
2009
19. CASE
STUDY
ON
PRAGMATICS
A
bureaucra(c
story
with
a
dash
of
romance
• some
dra[
schemas
• how
implemented
• problems
raised
• value
of
canonical
schema
• ¿
open
source
schema
possible
?
• ¿
what
issues
should
we
inves(gate
?
• ¿
are
these
tools
suitable
?
©
Ronald
K
Stamper
2009
20. acceptance
Seman:c
Temporal
Data
Base
Escape
from
here‐and‐now ©
Ronald
K
Stamper
2009
23. First
Order
Predicate
Logic
/
Norma
x acquires British citizenship by section 1.1 on date y = A(x,y)
x is born in the U.K. = B(x)
x was born on date y = D(x,y)
y is after or on commencement = C(y)
B(x) & D(x,y) & C(y) then A(x,y)
UK 1981-Ch28.S1.1: start of (citizenship (x, Britain)) =
start of (x) while in (x, UK) while in force (UK 1981-Ch28)
start authority of x = UK 1981-Ch28.S1.1
Britain UK 1981-28 Section 1.1
in force Normbase
nation statute section
SURROGATE
calendar $
Surrogate
number
Society territory
s
Universal
affordance
time zone day 1
Antecedent‐1
country #date
2
[Antecedent‐2]
UK
+
Start
in
‐
Finish
citizenship @
Authority
for
start
&
Authority
for
finish
person
©
Ronald
K
Stamper
2009