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PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION PIH
Gestational Hypertension  or   pregnancy-induced hypertension ,[object Object],[object Object]
INCIDENCE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PIH ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Characteristics of  Pre-Eclampsia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PRIMARY CHARACTERISTICS  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ECLAMPSIA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
HELLP syndrome ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
HELLP ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
HELLP Diagnosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
cause  of PIH  ,[object Object],[object Object]
Pathophysiology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1-Immunologic response ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2 Endothelial cell dysfunction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3 Platelet factor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
4 CALCIUM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
4 Other Factors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RISK FACTORS for PIH ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Why is pregnancy-induced hypertension a concern? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Complications  More Morbidity/Mortality Septic shock Meconium aspiration CVA, Seizures Small for age Rupture of Liver Intracranial Hemorrhage ARF Oligohydromnios PPH IUG retardation Placental Abruption Respiratory Distress CCF with pulmonary edema Pre-maturity DIC Fetal Maternal
Symptoms of PIH Coagulopathy Thrombocytopnia Platelet dysfunction Microangiopathic hemolysis Hematological Protienuruia,  Sodium retention Decreased GFR  Renal Failure Renal Impaired function,  Elevated enzymes Hematoma,  Rupture Hepatic Decreased intravascular volume Increased arteriolar resistance Hypertension,  Heart failure Cardiovascular Upper airway edema Pulmonary edema Pulmonary Headach,  Visual distubances Hyperexcitability,  Seizers Intracranail hemorrhages,  Cerebral edema Neurological
How is pregnancy-induced hypertension diagnosed ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
goal of treatment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Treatment  for pregnancy-induced  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Obstetric Management ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
ANTIHYPERTENSIVES caution No Myocardial depressants No Adversely effect fetal and neonatal blood pressure control , skull defects,   oligohydromnios , toxicity Not  in  late pregnancy Caution Alpha Blockers Calcium Channel Blocker ACE inhibitors /Angiotensin II receptor antagonist Beta Blocker Diuretic
250 – 500 mg 2-3 times/day Centrally acting Alph 2 receptor agonist Methyldopa (Aldomet) Vasodilator no myocardial depression 10-20mg BD Nifedipine (ADALET) 0.5-1.5 µgm/kgmin Cyanide toxocity if treatment exceeds 3 days Sodium Nitropruside Isorbid dinitrate, Glyceryl trinitrate, isorbid mono nitrate Nitrates ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Hydralazine (Apresoline) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
GOAL  of  Antihypertensives  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pre-Operative Evaluation
Investigations ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Monitors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What condition mandate immediate Delivery
Immediate Delivery ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What drug therapy is the treatment of choice for Seizure prophylaxis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How to use  Magnesium Sulphate ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Serum levels of   Magnesium Sulphate Asystole 20 mEq/L Respiratory Arrest 15 mEq/L Loss of deep tendon reflexes Prolonged P-Q interval Widening QRS complexes 10 mEq/L Therapeutic range 5 mEq/L
Role of Magnesium Sulphate ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What are fetal effects of MgSO 4 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Treatment of Eclampsia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Intraoperative Management
What type?   Analgesia/Anesthesia for patient with pre-eclampsia in labour ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Any Role of Prehydration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Role of Bleeding time or Platelet count for EPIDURAL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Commonly used Local Anaesthetics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What type of anaesthesia  for C Section ,[object Object],[object Object]
Spinal Anaesthesia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
General Anesthesia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The End
Pathology of pregnancy, childbirth and the perpurium Maternal death Other Fetal intervention  -  Fetal surgery Complications related to the  fetus Puerperal fever  -  Peripartum   cardiomyopathy  -  Postpartum  thyroiditis  -  Galactorrhea  -  Postpartum depression Maternal complications in the weeks after  childbirth Premature birth  -  Postmature  birth  -  Cephalopelvic  disproportion  -  Dystocia  ( Shoulder  dystocia ) -  Fetal distress  -  Vasa   praevia  -  Uterine rupture  -  hemorrhage  -  Placenta  accreta  -  Umbilical cord  prolapse  -  Amniotic fluid embolism Complications of labour  and delivery Polyhydramnios  -  Oligohydramnios  -  Chorioamnionitis  -  Premature rupture of membranes  -  Amniotic band syndrome  -  Placenta  praevia  -  Braxton Hicks contractions  -  Antepartum   haemorrhage  – abruption Maternal care related to the F etus  and  amniotic cavity  & possible  delivery  problems Hyperemesis   gravidarum  -  Gestational  pemphigoid  -  Intrahepatic   cholestasis  of pregnancy Other, predominantly related to pregnancy Pregnancy-induced hypertension  -  Pre- eclampsia  -  Eclampsia  -   Gestational diabetes Oedema ,  proteinuria  and hypertensive  disorders   Ectopic  pregnancy  -  Hydatidiform  mole  -  Miscarriage Pregnancy  ē   abortive  outcome

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P R E G N A N C Y I N D U C E D H Y P E R T E N S I O N

  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21. Complications More Morbidity/Mortality Septic shock Meconium aspiration CVA, Seizures Small for age Rupture of Liver Intracranial Hemorrhage ARF Oligohydromnios PPH IUG retardation Placental Abruption Respiratory Distress CCF with pulmonary edema Pre-maturity DIC Fetal Maternal
  • 22. Symptoms of PIH Coagulopathy Thrombocytopnia Platelet dysfunction Microangiopathic hemolysis Hematological Protienuruia, Sodium retention Decreased GFR Renal Failure Renal Impaired function, Elevated enzymes Hematoma, Rupture Hepatic Decreased intravascular volume Increased arteriolar resistance Hypertension, Heart failure Cardiovascular Upper airway edema Pulmonary edema Pulmonary Headach, Visual distubances Hyperexcitability, Seizers Intracranail hemorrhages, Cerebral edema Neurological
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28. ANTIHYPERTENSIVES caution No Myocardial depressants No Adversely effect fetal and neonatal blood pressure control , skull defects, oligohydromnios , toxicity Not in late pregnancy Caution Alpha Blockers Calcium Channel Blocker ACE inhibitors /Angiotensin II receptor antagonist Beta Blocker Diuretic
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35. What condition mandate immediate Delivery
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39. Serum levels of Magnesium Sulphate Asystole 20 mEq/L Respiratory Arrest 15 mEq/L Loss of deep tendon reflexes Prolonged P-Q interval Widening QRS complexes 10 mEq/L Therapeutic range 5 mEq/L
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 52. Pathology of pregnancy, childbirth and the perpurium Maternal death Other Fetal intervention - Fetal surgery Complications related to the fetus Puerperal fever - Peripartum cardiomyopathy - Postpartum thyroiditis - Galactorrhea - Postpartum depression Maternal complications in the weeks after childbirth Premature birth - Postmature birth - Cephalopelvic disproportion - Dystocia ( Shoulder dystocia ) - Fetal distress - Vasa praevia - Uterine rupture - hemorrhage - Placenta accreta - Umbilical cord prolapse - Amniotic fluid embolism Complications of labour and delivery Polyhydramnios - Oligohydramnios - Chorioamnionitis - Premature rupture of membranes - Amniotic band syndrome - Placenta praevia - Braxton Hicks contractions - Antepartum haemorrhage – abruption Maternal care related to the F etus and amniotic cavity & possible delivery problems Hyperemesis gravidarum - Gestational pemphigoid - Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy Other, predominantly related to pregnancy Pregnancy-induced hypertension - Pre- eclampsia - Eclampsia - Gestational diabetes Oedema , proteinuria and hypertensive disorders Ectopic pregnancy - Hydatidiform mole - Miscarriage Pregnancy ē abortive outcome