This document discusses cancer, including types, causes, epidemiology, management, and prevention. It notes that lung, breast, colon, rectal, endometrial, pancreatic, kidney, prostate, thyroid, and leukemia are common cancer types. Environmental factors like tobacco, alcohol, diet, occupation, viruses, parasites, and lifestyle habits contribute to cancer risk. Genetic factors can also play a role. The global cancer burden is expected to increase, with more deaths in developing countries by 2020. Cancer rates vary between developed and developing economies and within India based on etiological factors like smoking, betel nut chewing, and air pollution. Lifestyle changes, physical activity, and healthy diets can help prevent cancer. Recent studies found

1. CANCER
Shantanu Sen
Product Specialist
The Himalaya Drug Company

2. WHAT IS CANCER ?

3. TYPES OF TUMORS

4. TYPES OF CANCER
• lung cancer
• Breast cancer
• Colon and rectal cancer
• Endometrial cancer
• Pancreatic cancer
• Kidney cancer
• Prostrate cancer
• Thyroid cancer
• leukemia

5. KINDS OF CANCERS

6. NAMING OF CANCER

7. ETIOLOGY

8. Environmental factors
• Tobacco
• Alcohol
• Dietary Factors
• Occupational exposures
• Viruses
• Parasites
• Customs ,habits, Lifestyles
• Others – sunlight, pollution,
drugs
Genetic
Eg
• Retinoblastoma in Children
• Leukemia in Mongols
CAUSES OF CANCER

9. Factors Believed to Contribute to Global
Causes of Cancer

10. EPIDEMOLOGY OF CANCER

11. 2013 ESTIMATES

12. CANCER CAUSES IN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING
ECONOMIES

13. Cancer scenario in India
Year wise total cancer prevalence in India [ICMR, 2006; ICMR, 2009]

14. ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS FOR DIFFERENT CANCERS IN INDIA
SMOKING & HOOKAH
BIDI & HOOKAH SMOKING
SMOKED MEAT,TOBACCO,
HOOKAH
BETEL NUT,
PANMASALA, ALCOHOL
BETEL CHEWING
PAN MASALAAND ALCOHOL
NUCLEAR POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION
PAN MASALA & GUTKA
Etiological factors for the prevalence of different cancers in India [Koul et al, 2010; ICMR, 2001;
Somdatta et al, 2008; Sharma et al, 2009; Gaur et al, 2006; Prasad et al, 2005; Malothu et al, 2010; Sumathi et al, 2009; (b): http//
TOBACCO USE IN DIFFERENT FORM
TUIBUR
GALL STONES

15. COMPARISON OF CANCER
INDIA WITH GLOBAL SCENARIO
• 2020- 10 million deaths,70% in developing
countries ( Murray et al,1996)
• Incidence in India less than developed countries
(Fenley et al ,2001)
• Lung cancer worldwide 14%,all of india
6.8%(Nandakumar,2001)
• South east asian countries including India, lower
rates of stomach cancer (Parkin et
al,1999,WHO,2001),mizoram shows increased no
cases ( Hadjiiski et al, 2006)

16. Pathogenesis Of Cancer

17. Management Of Cancer
• Surgery
• Radiotherapy
• Chemotherapy
• Immunotherapy
• Hormone therapy
• Gene therapy
• Cancer-specific immune system cells to treat
cancer

18. Preventive measures of cancer
o physical activities
o avoiding obesities
o healthy dietary practices
o reducing occupational and environmental exposures
o reducing alcohol uses
o immunization against hepatitis B virus
o safe sexual practices for avoiding cancer genesis

19. RECENT STUDIES
• Lifestyle changes reduce the risk of prostate
cancer( published in the journal Nutrition and Cancer,
was carried out by researchers at UCLA's Jonsson
Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC).)
• Researchers Aiming To Suppress Therapy
Resistance In Brain Cancer
(http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/262571.php)
• Fish Oils Reduce Risk Of Breast Cancer
(http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/262612.php)

20. Life style changes reduce the risk of prostate cancer
(Nutrition and Cancer" Lenore Arab, PhD, et al. Nutrition and Cancer Jun-2013)
• Focuses on 8 new lifestyle recommendation by WCRF
• Encouraged physical activity and consumption of food
low in caloric density(under 125kcal/100 grams of food)
• who followed less than 4 recommendation at higher
risk(38%)

21. Research aiming to suppress therapy resistance in
brain cancer (Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres. Medical News Today.
MediLexicon, Intl., 29 Jun. 2013. Web)
• Gliomas are malignant brain tumors, treatment combines
radiotherapy with anticancer drug temozolomide
• Some cases shows resistance , DNA repair mechanism
aided by NAD+ molecule
• QRTP enzyme break down quinolinic acid to NAD+
molecule
• Agent directed against enzyme help suppress therapy
resistance in brain

22. Fish oil reduces the risk of breast cancer (Nordqvist, Joseph.
"Fish Oils Reduce Risk Of Breast Cancer." Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 28 Jun. 2013. Web.)
• Links fish,n-3PUFA intake and risk of breast cancer
• Marine n-3PUFA intake associated with 14% reduced risk
of breast cancer
• For every 0.1g/day increase in consumption ,risk reduced
by 5%

23. Anticancer Drugs With Their MOA

24. Schematic Representation Of MOA

25. Limitations Of Presently Available
Drugs
• Myelotoxicity
• Alopecia
• loss of appetite & weight
• nausea & vomitus
• taste change
• stomatitis, esophagitis,
constipation, diarrhea
•Cardiotoxicity
•Neurotoxicity
•lung damage
•sterility & teratogenicity
•hepatotoxicity & nefrotoxicity
•↓ wound healing
•↓ growth (children)
•carcinogenicity

26. Anticancer Drugs In The Market

27. Market share of Anticancer Drug
Makers

28. Growth In Cancer Market

29. REFERENCE
• All about cancer
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/cancer-oncology/
• Imran Ali,Waseem A. Wani and Kishwar
Saleem,( 2011)Cancer Scenario in India with
Future Perspectives, Cancer Therapy Vol 8, 56-70
• National cancer institute, http://www.cancer.gov/
• Gobal cancer facts and figures,
http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@epidemiology
surveilance/documents/document/acspc-027766.pdf

30. THANK YOU