53. Indicator: News Topics Development Journalism Non-Development Journalism 1. Economic development 1. Government affairs 2. Agricultural development 2. Power politics 3. Political development 3. Business 4. Education and literacy 4. Military affairs 5. Employment and labor welfare 5. Consumerism 6. Family planning 6. Investment 7. Health, hygiene and medicine 7. Finance 8. Housing 8. Lifestyle 9. Industrial, sci-tech development 9. Trade
54. Indicator: News Topics Development Journalism Non-Development Journalism 10. National integration 10. Religions 11. Rural development 11. Foreign relations 12. Urban development 12. Sports 13. Social change 13. Legal affairs 14.Telecom and transport development 14. Crimes 15. Cultural development 15. War and conflict 16. Environmental protection 16. Celebrity affairs 17. Check between plan and achievement 17. Travel & living
55. Indicator: News Sources Development Journalism Non-Development Journalism 1. Grass-root institutions 1. Elite institutions 2. Ordinary people 2. Elite people 3. Other bottom-up sources 3. Other top-down sources
56. Indicator: News Actors Development Journalism Non-Development Journalism 1. The poor 1. Government officials 2. Women 2. Public figures 3. Farmers 3. Celebrities 4. Children 4. Professionals 5. Elderly 5. Businessmen 6. Other ordinary people 6. Other elite people
57. Indicator: News Orientations Development Journalism Non-Development Journalism 1. Emphasis on solution 1. Emphasis on problem exposure 2. Emphasis on process 2. Emphasis on events 3. Participation of the ordinary people 3. Participation of the elite 4. Empowerment of the ordinary 4. Empowerment of the elite 5. Emphasis on stability 5. Emphasis on conflict 6. Emphasis on harmony 6. More interested in chaos 7. Emphasis on collectivism 7. Emphasis on individualism 8. Emphasis on consensus 8. Emphasis on differences 9. Emphasis on partnership 9. Emphasis on adversary 10. Impact on the ordinary people 10. Impact on the elite people
58. Indicator: News Presentations Development Journalism Non-Development Journalism 1. Informative 1. Entertaining 2. Mindful of consequences 2. Not mindful of consequences 3. Ordinary people friendly 3. Elite people friendly