Performance Analysis of Delay-Tolerant Routing Protocols in Intermittently Connected Mobile Networks

1. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DELAY-
TOLERANT ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN
INTERMITTENTLY CONNECTED
MOBILE NETWORKS
October 10, 2015
By
Md. Sharif Hossen and Muhammad Sajjadur Rahim
Department Of Information and Communication Engineering,
University of Rajshahi

2. Outline
 Objective
 Introduction
 Routing Protocols Under Investigation
 Performance Metrics
 Simulation Results
 Conclusion
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3. Objective
• Investigate the performance of DTN routing protocols in
Intermittently Connected Mobile Networks (ICMNs):
- Epidemic
- PRoPHET
- Spray-and-Wait (Binary version)
• Analyze the DTN routing protocols for varying message generation
rates and number of mobile nodes for a given ICMN scenario in
terms of three performance metrics:
- Delivery probability
- Average latency
- Overhead ratio
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4. Introduction
• ICMNs
- Intermittently Connected Mobile Networks
- most of the time there does not exist a complete path from the source to the
destination
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Source: L. Pelusi, A. Passarella, and M. Conti, “Opportunistic networking: data forwarding in disconnected mobile
ad hoc networks”, IEEE Comm. Mag., vol. 44, no. 11, Nov. 2006, pp. 134-141.
Fig. 1: ICMN

5. Introduction (Cont.)
• DTNs
- Delay-Tolerant Networks
- Intermittent and sparsely connected Mobile ad hoc Network
- Long and/ variable delay, asymmetric data rate and high error rates
- Uses “Store and Forward” strategy
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Source: K. Fall, “A delay-tolerant network architecture for challenged internets”, in Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM,
Karlsruhe, Germany, Aug. 2003, pp. 27-34.

6. Introduction (Cont.)
• ONE Simulator
- Opportunistic Network Environment Simulator
- Agent-based discrete event simulation engine
- Designed for evaluating the performance of DTN routing protocols
- Developed in Java programming language
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Source: A. Keränen, J. Ott, and T. Kärkkäinen, "The ONE Simulator for DTN Protocol Evaluation", in Proc. of
Second Int. Conf. on Simul. Tools and Tech., 2009, Rome, Italy.
Source: Tkk/Comnet. Project page of the ONE simulator. [Online]. Available: http://www.netlab.tkk.fi/ tutkimus/
dtn/theone, 2013.

7. Routing Protocols Under
Investigation
• Three DTN Routing Protocols
- Epidemic
- Prophet
- Binary Spray-and-Wait
• Epidemic
- Flooding based in nature
- Every node continuously replicates a copy of message to all nodes it encounters
- Excludes replication of message copy common between the nodes in contact
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Source: A. Vahdat and D. Becker, “Epidemic routing for partially connected ad hoc networks,” Department of
Computer Science, Duke University, Tech. Rep. CS-2000-06, Apr. 2000.

8. Routing Protocols Under
Investigation (Cont.)
• PRoPHET
- Probabilistic Routing Protocol using History of Encounters and Transitivity
- Similar to Epidemic
- Messages are forwarded to a node that has higher delivery predictability
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Source: A. Lindgren, A. Doria, and O. Scheln, “Probabilistic routing in intermittently connected networks,” ACM
Mobile Comput. AndCommun. Review, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 19–20, Jul. 2003

9. Routing Protocols Under
Investigation (Cont.)
• Spray-and-Wait
- Attains a good delivery ratio by limiting the number of replicas of a given message
- Two phases:
Spray: L message copies forwarded by source to L dintinct relays
Wait: Waiting & direct transmission to destination
- Two versions:
Vanilla: A single copy of the message from the source to the first L distinct nodes
Binary: Transfers L/2 copies from source to first L/2 nodes. Again replicates L/2
copies to relays until one copy. If destination not found, direct
transmission
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Source: T. Spyropoulos, K. Psounis, and C. S. Raghavendra, “Spray and Wait: an efficient routing scheme for
intermittently connected mobile networks,” in Proc. of ACM WDTN, Philadelphia, PA, Aug. 2005, pp. 252–259.

10. Performance Metrics
• Performance metrics
- Delivery probability
- Average latency
- Overhead ratio
• Delivery probability
- Ratio of the total number of messages delivered to the destination over the total
number of messages created at the source
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11. • Average latency
- Measure of average time between messages generated and messages received by
destination node
• Overhead ratio
- How many redundant packets are relayed to deliver one packet
Overhead ratio =
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Performance Metrics
(Cont.)
Number of Packets Relayed - Number of Packets Delivered
Number of Packets Delivered

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Simulation Results
Fig. 2: Simulation Scenario

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Fig. 3: Delivery Probability Vs. Message Generation Rate
Simulation Results

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Fig. 4: Delivery Probability Vs. Number of Nodes per Group
Simulation Results
(Cont.)

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Fig. 5: Average Latency Vs. Message Generation Rate
Simulation Results
(Cont.)

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Fig. 6: Average Latency Vs. Number of Nodes per Group
Simulation Results
(Cont.)

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Fig. 7: Overhead Ratio Vs. Message Generation Rate
Simulation Results
(Cont.)

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Fig. 8: Overhead Ratio Vs. Number of Nodes per Group
Simulation Results
(Cont.)

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Conclusion
• Investigating the performance of DTN routing protocols, i.e.,
Epidemic, PRoPHET and Binary Spray-and-Wait in ICMNs for varying
message generation rates and number of mobile nodes in terms of
three performance metrics:
- Delivery probability
- Average latency
- Overhead ratio
• Best candidate for routing messages in ICMNs is Binary Spray-and-
Wait

20. Questions
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21. 21
Thanks for your
attention!
October 10, 2015