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Breathing
- 1. Breathing
- 2. Water is necessary in the membranes of the lungs so that diffusion can take place. Water lost through breathing must constantly be replenished by taking in water. http://www.google.ca/imgres?q=composition+of+inhaled+air+vs+exhaled+air&hl=en&sa=X&rls=com.microsoft:en-ca:IE- SearchBox&rlz=1I7TSCA&biw=1600&bih=639&tbm=isch&prmd=imvns&tbnid=KiwIIrShpgcxqM:&imgrefurl=http://budakpintar-zulaikha.blogspot.com/&docid=lbTWRCyBy- 6lnM&imgurl=http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- SaThBr3gZ48/TZSnBrPGVoI/AAAAAAAAADM/dg2amBg4PVU/s1600/000.jpg&w=1221&h=745&ei=Y4PjTvX4I4jhiAKjuoS_Bg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=170&vpy=346&dur=22745&hovh=175&hovw=288&tx=193 &ty=152&sig=112479492059546291295&page=1&tbnh=117&tbnw=192&start=0&ndsp=23&ved=1t:429,r:15,s:0
- 3. See the video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sU_8juD3Y zQ&feature=player_embedded http://www.google.ca/imgres?q=inhaled+air+vs+exhaled+air&hl=en&sa=X&rls=com.microsoft:en-ca:IE- SearchBox&rlz=1I7TSCA&biw=1600&bih=639&tbm=isch&prmd=imvns&tbnid=DXuImWah7HIOMM:&imgrefurl=http://www.webmd.com/lung/picture-of-the- lungs&docid=7F7zvNw2FVzXiM&imgurl=http://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/articles/image_article_collections/anatomy_pages/Lungs_AnatomyPage2.jpg&w=504&h=378&ei= 1YHjTqvuCciQiALnvPnQBg&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=577&sig=112479492059546291295&page=1&tbnh=137&tbnw=182&start=0&ndsp=24&ved=1t:429,r:11,s:0&tx=104&ty=58
- 4. How Gas Exchange Occurs
- 5. Air is moved by pressure differences due to volume differences.
- 6. 1. Diaphragm contracts and intercostal muscles contract. Ribs move up. 2. Volume of thoracic cavity increases. 3. Pressure of thoracic cavity drops to LESS than outside air pressure. (pressure outside > pressure inside) 4. Air moves in through the mouth and nose.
- 7. 1. Diaphragm relaxes and recoils. Intercostal muscles relax. Ribs move down. 2. Volume of thoracic cavity decreases. 3. Pressure of the thoracic cavity rises relative to the outside pressure. (pressure inside > pressure outside) **THE LUNGS ARE PASSIVE. DIAPHRAGM AND 4. Air moves out INTERCOSTAL MUSCLE MOVEMENT CAUSES through mouth and CHANGES IN VOLUME AND THEREFORE PRESSURE, nose. WHICH CAUSES THE LUNGS TO EMPTY OR FILL WITH AIR.
- 8. Mechanism of Breathing Explained: Explained: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMDEXGM- 87s Simple breathing animation: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43jJGXude Ps&feature=related
- 10. Fig. 15.5
- 11. Lung Capacity 5800 L 2900 L 2400 L 1200 L 0L http://www.google.ca/imgres?q=inhaled+air+vs+exhaled+air&hl=en&sa=X&rls=com.microsoft:en-ca:IE- SearchBox&rlz=1I7TSCA&biw=1600&bih=639&tbm=isch&prmd=imvns&tbnid=oMyRkQg7Jrce0M:&imgrefurl=http://www.rcjournal.com/cpgs/slvcpg- update.html&docid=PRFksORYx0p7sM&imgurl=http://www.rcjournal.com/cpgs/i/05.01.0531.fig1.jpg&w=580&h=336&ei=1YHjTqvuCciQiALnvPnQBg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=1258&vpy=159&dur=187&hovh=171&hov w=295&tx=186&ty=95&sig=112479492059546291295&page=1&tbnh=103&tbnw=178&start=0&ndsp=24&ved=1t:429,r:7,s:0
- 12. Gas Exchange
- 13. External Respiration Internal Respiration Cellular Respiration http://www.google.ca/imgres?q=gas+exchange+at+tissues&hl=en&rls=com.microsoft:en-ca:IE-SearchBox&rlz=1I7TSCA&biw=1600&bih=639&tbm=isch&tbnid=6k- 0bSngOQhPyM:&imgrefurl=http://www.ric.edu/faculty/jmontvilo/335files/335(27)respirationmech.htm&docid=Uf1ASTwnOH0U7M&imgurl=http://www.ric.edu/faculty/jmontvilo/335graphics/gas_exchange.GIF&w= 502&h=346&ei=X5DjTuHgIa_-iQKmsYyfBg&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=499&sig=112479492059546291295&page=5&tbnh=116&tbnw=169&start=101&ndsp=26&ved=1t:429,r:10,s:101&tx=110&ty=68
- 15. Oxygen Transport Two ways: 1. As a physical solution. (Dissolved in plasma.) 2. As a molecule of hemoglobin. Hb + O2 HbO2
- 16. Carbon Dioxide Transport Three ways: 1. As a physical solution in plasma. (<5%) CO2 + H2 H2CO3 H+ + HCO3- Very slow reaction. Carbonic anyhdrase is not present in plasma.
- 17. 2. Carbaminohemoglobin. (10 – 30%) Hb + O2 HbO2 Rapid. Requires no enzyme.
- 19. 3. As a bicarbonate ion (60 – 70%). Involves the plasma and red blood cells.
- 20. 1. At the red blood cells, carbon dioxide and water react IN THE PRESENCE OF CARBONIC ANHYDRASE, to produce carbonic acid. 2. Carbonic acid dissociates into a hydrogen ion and bicarbonate ion. Bicarbonate ion diffuse into the plasma. 3. Hydrogen ions displace oxygen on the oxyhemoglobin. Reduced hemoglobin and free oxygen are produced.
- 21. 4. Oxygen diffuses out of the capillary to the body cells. 5. Cellular respiration. Oxygen reacts with glucose to produce carbon dioxide and water. 6. Carbon dioxide diffuses into the blood.
- 22. 7. Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli to the red blood cells in the capillary. 8. Oxygen displaces hemoglobin on reduced hemoglobin to produce hydrogen ions and oxyhemoglobin. 9. Hydrogen ions combine with bicarbonate ions (which diffuse from the plasma) to produce carbonic acid. 10. Carbonic acid is converted to water and carbon dioxide in the presence of CARBONIC ANYHDRASE. 11. Carbon dioxide diffuses out of capillaries and into alveoli.
- 23. Control of Breathing by the Nervous System Breathing Chemoreceptors centre on medulla Diaphragm / rib at aorta and Blood oblongata muscles carotid artery Stimulation Activity Activity Carbon dioxide concentration (-)