Anything that has the potential to cause harm, ill health and injury, damage to property, products or the environment, production losses or increase liabilities.

1. Course Title: Physical Hazards –
that’s impact on our human health
Shibli sadik
BSc.TE (ME)
TVE Department
Islamic University of Technology (IUT) , OIC.
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2. Physical hazards
Hazard is defined as:
Anything that has the potential to cause harm, ill
health
and injury, damage to property, products or the
environment, production losses or increase liabilities.
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3. Example of Hazards
 A. Physical Hazards
 B. Chemical Hazards
 C. Biological Hazards
 D. Mechanical Hazards
 E. Psychosocial Hazards
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4. CHEMICAL & DUST
HAZARDS
(cleaning products,
pesticides, asbestos, etc.)
BIOLOGICAL
HAZARDS
(mold, insects/pests,
communicable diseases, etc.)
ERGONOMIC
HAZARDS
(repetition, lifting, awkward
postures, etc.)
WORK
ORGANIZATION
HAZARDS
Things that cause STRESS!
SAFETY HAZARDS
(slips, trips and falls, faulty
equipment, etc.)
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
(noise, temperature
extremes, radiation, etc.)
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5. Physical Hazards –
that’s impact on our human health
 Heat and cold
 Light
 Noise
 Vibration
 Ultraviolet radiation
 Ionizing radiation
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6. DISEASES DUE TO PHYSICAL AGENTS
A) HEAT AND COLD
HEAT
 Direct effects:-
 Burns
 Heat exhaustion
 Heat stroke and
 Heat cramps
 Indirect effects are:-
 Decreased efficiency
 Increased fatigue
 Enhanced accidents rates
COLD
 Effects associated with cold works
are:-
 Chilblains
 Erythrocyanosis
 Frostbite
 General hypothermia
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7. Harmful effects of- “extreme
temperatures”
 Very hot and very cold environments can be dangerous to your health
• Acute
• Heat Stroke, Heat Syncope, Other heat illness
• Chronic
• Possible link to kidney, liver, heart , digestive
system, central nervous system & skin problems
Heat
• Acute
• Hypothermia, frostbite, trench foot
• Chronic
• Respiratory and cardiovascular effects
Cold
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8. B) LIGHT
POOR ILLUMINATION
 Acute effects:-
 Eye strain
 Headache
 Eye pain
 Lacrimation
 Congestion around cornea
 Eye fatigue
 Chronic effects:-
 Miner’s nystagmus
EXCESSIVE BRIGHTNESS
 Effects due to glare :-
 Discomfort, annoyance and
 visual fatigue
 Blurring of vision

9. C) NOISE
Auditory effects
 It includes:-
 Temporary hearing loss(Inability to
hear telephone, Hears his own
voice less clearly and he speaks
with a loud voice to hear his own
words)
 Permanent hearing loss
Non-auditory effects
 It includes:-
 Nervousness
 Fatigue
 Interference in communication by
speech
 Decreased efficiency and
annoyance
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10. Harmful effects of noise
 Physiological (Non-auditory) Effects:
 Pain in the ears
 Increase secretion of adrenaline, nor-adrenaline and
cortisone, this may be the cause of increased incidence
of duodenal ulcer in animals.
 Chest feeling associated with nausea, vomiting.
 Rise of both intracranial and diastolic blood pressures.
 Interference with sleep
 Giddiness, nausea and fatigue
 Visual disturbance; narrowing of pupils – affection of
colour perception – reduction of night vision
 Permanent Hearing Loss
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11. D) VIBRATION
 It is encounter in work with drills and hammers
 Continuous work with such machines affects hands
and arms.
 The blood vessels of fingers may become increasingly
sensitive to spasm.
 It may also produce injuries of the joints of the
hands, elbow shoulder.
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12. E) ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION
 Mainly occurs in arc and other electric
welding process
Effects due to ultraviolet radiation are:-
 It mainly effects the eye causing:-
a) Intense conjunctivitis
b) Keratitis
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13. F) IONIZING RADIATION
Effects due to ionizing radiation are:-
a) Cancer
b) Leukemia
c) Ulceration
d) Genetic changes
Chromosomal mutation eg sterility
 Malformation
 And ultimately death
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