SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 17
Download to read offline
‫رف‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ت‬
•‫م‬‫ج‬‫ح‬‫ب‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ک‬‫ئ‬‫ا‬ ‫کس‬‫ع‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬ ‫سے‬‫ام‬‫ئ‬‫ے‬‫ن‬‫پ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫پ‬‫کو‬‫س‬‫کرو‬‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫مدد‬‫کی‬ ‫س‬‫ج‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫آلہ‬‫واال‬‫ے‬‫ن‬‫ھ‬‫ک‬‫ر‬
‫ع‬‫کو‬ ‫ن‬‫ج‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ائ‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ھ‬‫ک‬‫ئ‬‫د‬‫کے‬‫کر‬ ‫ا‬‫ڑ‬‫ب‬‫کو‬ ‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫سی‬‫ی‬‫ا‬ ‫سے‬‫ن‬‫ک‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ج‬ ‫ا‬‫ھ‬‫ک‬‫ئ‬‫د‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬‫سے‬‫کھ‬‫ئ‬‫آ‬ ‫ام‬‫ا‬
‫ے‬‫ہ‬
‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ے‬
ّ
‫ص‬‫ح‬ ‫ل‬‫ئ‬‫ذ‬‫ہ‬‫درج‬‫ن‬‫م‬ ‫کے‬‫پ‬‫کو‬‫س‬‫کرو‬‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫م‬
.1‫اڈی‬‫ئ‬‫کوپ‬‫س‬‫کرو‬‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫م‬((Body
‫ک‬‫س‬‫کرو‬‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫سے‬‫س‬‫ج‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫وئ‬‫ہ‬‫ہ‬ّ‫ص‬‫ح‬ ‫ا‬‫ڑ‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫ک‬ ‫لور‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫ے‬‫لوہ‬‫ے‬‫الن‬‫م‬‫کو‬ ‫وں‬
ّ
‫ص‬‫ح‬ ‫گر‬‫ئ‬‫د‬‫کے‬‫پ‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ک‬
‫ن‬‫پ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫پ‬‫کو‬‫س‬‫کرو‬‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫سے‬‫ہ‬‫وج‬‫کی‬ ‫اس‬ ‫اور‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ائ‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ک‬ ‫ام‬‫ک‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ہ‬‫ر‬‫ہری‬‫ھ‬‫ٹ‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬ ‫وزن‬‫ے‬.
.2‫ج‬‫ی‬‫ٹ‬‫س‬(stage)
‫پ‬‫کو‬‫س‬‫کرو‬‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ائ‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ھ‬‫ک‬‫ئ‬‫د‬‫کر‬ ‫ا‬‫گ‬‫ل‬‫کو‬ ‫ڈ‬‫الئ‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫اں‬‫ہ‬‫ج‬‫ہ‬ّ‫ص‬‫ح‬ ‫وہ‬ ‫ا‬‫ک‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫پ‬‫ا‬‫کو‬ ‫ے‬
ّ
‫ص‬‫ح‬‫اس‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬
‫ن‬‫ک‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫الئ‬‫ہ‬‫سے‬‫مدد‬‫کی‬ ‫ن‬‫ی‬‫ب‬‫ک‬‫ئ‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ح‬‫ت‬‫کے‬ ‫رورت‬‫ض‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬.
‫سر‬‫ن‬‫ب‬‫ڈ‬‫ن‬‫ک‬(condenser)
‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ڑت‬‫ب‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ڈ‬‫الئ‬‫س‬ ‫کر‬ ‫گزر‬ ‫سے‬‫ے‬
ّ
‫ص‬‫ح‬‫اس‬ ‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ش‬‫رو‬.‫اس‬‫ے‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬‫گے‬‫ل‬ ‫ے‬‫ش‬‫ن‬‫س‬‫اص‬‫ج‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬
‫ن‬‫ھ‬‫ک‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫طے‬‫ق‬‫ت‬ ‫اص‬‫ج‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ج‬‫ی‬‫ٹ‬‫س‬‫کو‬ ‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ش‬‫رو‬‫کہ‬ ‫و‬‫ج‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ت‬‫ش‬‫رو‬ ‫طرح‬‫اس‬ ‫اور‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ے‬‫ن‬‫پ‬ ‫د‬‫کر‬ ‫ا‬‫ی‬
‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ات‬‫ج‬ ‫ڑھ‬‫ب‬‫ت‬‫حی‬‫ال‬‫ص‬ ‫کی‬.‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ک‬ ‫ے‬‫چ‬‫ی‬‫پ‬ ‫ر‬‫اوب‬‫کو‬ ‫اس‬‫ئ‬ ‫م‬‫ک‬ ‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ش‬‫رو‬‫سے‬‫س‬‫ج‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ک‬‫ا‬
‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ات‬‫ج‬‫و‬‫ہ‬ ‫ادہ‬‫زئ‬
Focusing Knobs ‫ن‬‫ی‬‫ب‬ ‫گول‬ ‫ےوالے‬‫کرن‬ ‫وکس‬‫ف‬
‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫کے‬ ‫طرح‬‫وں‬‫دون‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬.‫ن‬‫ں‬‫ای‬‫م‬‫ھ‬‫گ‬ ‫کو‬ ‫کر‬‫ج‬‫والے‬‫اب‬‫ئ‬ ‫ڑی‬‫ب‬‫و‬‫ہ‬ ‫ز‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ت‬‫ک‬‫ر‬‫ح‬ ‫کی‬ ‫ج‬‫ی‬‫ٹ‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫ی‬‫ت‬
‫سوس‬‫ح‬‫م‬ ‫ر‬‫ی‬‫غ‬‫ج‬‫ی‬‫ٹ‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ن‬ ‫ں‬‫ای‬‫م‬‫ھ‬‫گ‬ ‫کو‬ ‫والے‬ ‫ے‬‫ھون‬‫چ‬ ‫اور‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ک‬ ‫ت‬‫ک‬‫ر‬‫ح‬ ‫ے‬‫چ‬‫ی‬‫پ‬ ‫ر‬‫اوب‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫طور‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ر‬
‫کو‬ ‫اب‬‫ئ‬‫ڑی‬‫ب‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬coarse focus‫کو‬ ‫اب‬‫ئ‬‫ی‬‫ھوت‬‫چ‬‫کہ‬‫ن‬‫ح‬fine focus‫ے‬‫ن‬‫ہ‬‫ک‬
‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬
REVOLVING NOSE PIECE‫س‬‫ن‬‫ب‬‫وز‬‫ن‬
•‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ک‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ائ‬‫م‬‫ھ‬‫گ‬ ‫کو‬ ‫ے‬
ّ
‫ص‬‫ح‬ ‫وی‬‫ص‬‫ی‬‫پ‬‫اس‬.‫اس‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ا‬‫در‬‫ف‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫خ‬‫م‬‫ھ‬‫اٹ‬‫س‬‫کے‬‫ے‬
ّ
‫ص‬‫ح‬
‫کے‬‫وں‬‫ت‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫ط‬lens‫ت‬ ‫کے‬‫رورت‬‫ض‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫پ‬‫ا‬‫کو‬ ‫ن‬‫ج‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ے‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬‫گے‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ل‬‫ے‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ح‬
‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ک‬‫س‬.‫ار‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫مو‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ب‬ ‫اس‬lens‫ت‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫ط‬‫کی‬ ‫دس‬‫ک‬‫ئ‬‫ا‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬ ‫ے‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬‫گے‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ک‬.‫ا‬‫ر‬‫دوس‬
‫و‬‫ج‬ ‫اور‬ ‫ا‬‫ک‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫ط‬‫کی‬ ‫س‬‫ن‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ن‬‫ب‬،‫ا‬‫ک‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫ط‬‫کی‬ ‫س‬‫ن‬‫ب‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ت‬‫واال‬‫ے‬‫ن‬‫ھ‬‫ک‬‫ئ‬‫د‬‫سے‬‫ل‬‫ئ‬‫آ‬‫ا‬‫ھ‬‫ٹ‬‫ی‬
oil immersion lens‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫وت‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫گ‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫ط‬‫کی‬ ‫س‬‫ج‬.
Light source ‫منبع‬ ‫کا‬ ‫روشنی‬
•‫ہ‬‫ش‬‫ن‬‫س‬‫حدب‬‫م‬ ‫ے‬‫ن‬‫ل‬ ‫کے‬‫ے‬‫ن‬‫پ‬ ‫د‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ش‬‫رو‬‫کو‬ ‫کوپ‬‫س‬‫کرو‬‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ھی‬‫ٹ‬‫سی‬‫ک‬ ‫کہ‬ ‫و‬‫ج‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫وئ‬‫ہ‬ ‫ا‬‫گ‬‫ل‬‫م‬
‫کے‬‫کر‬ ‫کس‬‫ع‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫کو‬ ‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ش‬‫رو‬‫کی‬ ‫سورج‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ش‬‫رو‬condenser‫ھ‬‫ٹ‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫پ‬‫د‬‫کو‬‫ر‬
‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ائ‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ائ‬‫گ‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ل‬‫ئ‬.‫کو‬ ‫ب‬‫ل‬‫ئ‬‫والے‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ش‬‫رو‬ ‫گرم‬tungsten‫ن‬‫ح‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬ ‫ے‬‫ن‬‫ہ‬‫ک‬ ‫ب‬‫ل‬‫ئ‬‫کہ‬
‫ن‬‫ج‬‫لو‬‫ہ‬‫کو‬ ‫ب‬‫ل‬‫ئ‬‫والے‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ش‬‫رو‬‫ڈی‬‫ن‬‫ھ‬‫ٹ‬halogen‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬ ‫ے‬‫ن‬‫ہ‬‫ک‬ ‫ب‬‫ل‬‫ئ‬.
Lecture no. 6 microscope
Lecture no. 6 microscope
Lecture no. 6 microscope

More Related Content

More from Atifa Ambreen

Introduction of Biosafety
Introduction of BiosafetyIntroduction of Biosafety
Introduction of BiosafetyAtifa Ambreen
 
Antibodies and Types
Antibodies and TypesAntibodies and Types
Antibodies and TypesAtifa Ambreen
 
Introduction and types of immunity I Pharmaceutical Microbiology
Introduction and types of immunity I Pharmaceutical MicrobiologyIntroduction and types of immunity I Pharmaceutical Microbiology
Introduction and types of immunity I Pharmaceutical MicrobiologyAtifa Ambreen
 
Morphological and Selective Biochemical characterization of some specimen
Morphological and Selective Biochemical characterization of some specimenMorphological and Selective Biochemical characterization of some specimen
Morphological and Selective Biochemical characterization of some specimenAtifa Ambreen
 
Microbiology of Air, Water and Soil
Microbiology of Air, Water and SoilMicrobiology of Air, Water and Soil
Microbiology of Air, Water and SoilAtifa Ambreen
 
An Overview of Immunity to Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi and Ptozoans
An Overview of Immunity to Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi and PtozoansAn Overview of Immunity to Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi and Ptozoans
An Overview of Immunity to Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi and PtozoansAtifa Ambreen
 
An Overview of the Immune System
An Overview of the Immune SystemAn Overview of the Immune System
An Overview of the Immune SystemAtifa Ambreen
 
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)Atifa Ambreen
 
Factor affecting bacterial growth
Factor affecting bacterial growthFactor affecting bacterial growth
Factor affecting bacterial growthAtifa Ambreen
 
Cellular and molecular basis of immunity
Cellular and molecular basis of immunityCellular and molecular basis of immunity
Cellular and molecular basis of immunityAtifa Ambreen
 
Natural and Artificial immunity
Natural and Artificial immunityNatural and Artificial immunity
Natural and Artificial immunityAtifa Ambreen
 
Nutrition Requirement of Bacteria
Nutrition Requirement of BacteriaNutrition Requirement of Bacteria
Nutrition Requirement of BacteriaAtifa Ambreen
 
Nomenclature and classification of microorganisms
Nomenclature and classification of microorganismsNomenclature and classification of microorganisms
Nomenclature and classification of microorganismsAtifa Ambreen
 
Microbiology and Microbial Diversities
Microbiology and Microbial DiversitiesMicrobiology and Microbial Diversities
Microbiology and Microbial DiversitiesAtifa Ambreen
 
Cells involved in Immunity
Cells involved in ImmunityCells involved in Immunity
Cells involved in ImmunityAtifa Ambreen
 

More from Atifa Ambreen (20)

Biosafety Levels
Biosafety LevelsBiosafety Levels
Biosafety Levels
 
Introduction of Biosafety
Introduction of BiosafetyIntroduction of Biosafety
Introduction of Biosafety
 
Antibodies and Types
Antibodies and TypesAntibodies and Types
Antibodies and Types
 
Introduction and types of immunity I Pharmaceutical Microbiology
Introduction and types of immunity I Pharmaceutical MicrobiologyIntroduction and types of immunity I Pharmaceutical Microbiology
Introduction and types of immunity I Pharmaceutical Microbiology
 
Morphological and Selective Biochemical characterization of some specimen
Morphological and Selective Biochemical characterization of some specimenMorphological and Selective Biochemical characterization of some specimen
Morphological and Selective Biochemical characterization of some specimen
 
Fungi/Yeast/Molds
Fungi/Yeast/MoldsFungi/Yeast/Molds
Fungi/Yeast/Molds
 
Normal Flora
Normal FloraNormal Flora
Normal Flora
 
Microbiology of Air, Water and Soil
Microbiology of Air, Water and SoilMicrobiology of Air, Water and Soil
Microbiology of Air, Water and Soil
 
Culture media
Culture mediaCulture media
Culture media
 
Bacterial Culture
Bacterial CultureBacterial Culture
Bacterial Culture
 
An Overview of Immunity to Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi and Ptozoans
An Overview of Immunity to Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi and PtozoansAn Overview of Immunity to Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi and Ptozoans
An Overview of Immunity to Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi and Ptozoans
 
An Overview of the Immune System
An Overview of the Immune SystemAn Overview of the Immune System
An Overview of the Immune System
 
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
 
Factor affecting bacterial growth
Factor affecting bacterial growthFactor affecting bacterial growth
Factor affecting bacterial growth
 
Cellular and molecular basis of immunity
Cellular and molecular basis of immunityCellular and molecular basis of immunity
Cellular and molecular basis of immunity
 
Natural and Artificial immunity
Natural and Artificial immunityNatural and Artificial immunity
Natural and Artificial immunity
 
Nutrition Requirement of Bacteria
Nutrition Requirement of BacteriaNutrition Requirement of Bacteria
Nutrition Requirement of Bacteria
 
Nomenclature and classification of microorganisms
Nomenclature and classification of microorganismsNomenclature and classification of microorganisms
Nomenclature and classification of microorganisms
 
Microbiology and Microbial Diversities
Microbiology and Microbial DiversitiesMicrobiology and Microbial Diversities
Microbiology and Microbial Diversities
 
Cells involved in Immunity
Cells involved in ImmunityCells involved in Immunity
Cells involved in Immunity
 

Lecture no. 6 microscope

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3. ‫رف‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ت‬ •‫م‬‫ج‬‫ح‬‫ب‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ک‬‫ئ‬‫ا‬ ‫کس‬‫ع‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬ ‫سے‬‫ام‬‫ئ‬‫ے‬‫ن‬‫پ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫پ‬‫کو‬‫س‬‫کرو‬‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫مدد‬‫کی‬ ‫س‬‫ج‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫آلہ‬‫واال‬‫ے‬‫ن‬‫ھ‬‫ک‬‫ر‬ ‫ع‬‫کو‬ ‫ن‬‫ج‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ائ‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ھ‬‫ک‬‫ئ‬‫د‬‫کے‬‫کر‬ ‫ا‬‫ڑ‬‫ب‬‫کو‬ ‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫سی‬‫ی‬‫ا‬ ‫سے‬‫ن‬‫ک‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ج‬ ‫ا‬‫ھ‬‫ک‬‫ئ‬‫د‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬‫سے‬‫کھ‬‫ئ‬‫آ‬ ‫ام‬‫ا‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬
  • 4. ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ے‬ ّ ‫ص‬‫ح‬ ‫ل‬‫ئ‬‫ذ‬‫ہ‬‫درج‬‫ن‬‫م‬ ‫کے‬‫پ‬‫کو‬‫س‬‫کرو‬‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫م‬ .1‫اڈی‬‫ئ‬‫کوپ‬‫س‬‫کرو‬‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫م‬((Body ‫ک‬‫س‬‫کرو‬‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫سے‬‫س‬‫ج‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫وئ‬‫ہ‬‫ہ‬ّ‫ص‬‫ح‬ ‫ا‬‫ڑ‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫ک‬ ‫لور‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫ے‬‫لوہ‬‫ے‬‫الن‬‫م‬‫کو‬ ‫وں‬ ّ ‫ص‬‫ح‬ ‫گر‬‫ئ‬‫د‬‫کے‬‫پ‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ک‬ ‫ن‬‫پ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫پ‬‫کو‬‫س‬‫کرو‬‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫سے‬‫ہ‬‫وج‬‫کی‬ ‫اس‬ ‫اور‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ائ‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ک‬ ‫ام‬‫ک‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ہ‬‫ر‬‫ہری‬‫ھ‬‫ٹ‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬ ‫وزن‬‫ے‬.
  • 5.
  • 6. .2‫ج‬‫ی‬‫ٹ‬‫س‬(stage) ‫پ‬‫کو‬‫س‬‫کرو‬‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ائ‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ھ‬‫ک‬‫ئ‬‫د‬‫کر‬ ‫ا‬‫گ‬‫ل‬‫کو‬ ‫ڈ‬‫الئ‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫اں‬‫ہ‬‫ج‬‫ہ‬ّ‫ص‬‫ح‬ ‫وہ‬ ‫ا‬‫ک‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫پ‬‫ا‬‫کو‬ ‫ے‬ ّ ‫ص‬‫ح‬‫اس‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫ک‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫الئ‬‫ہ‬‫سے‬‫مدد‬‫کی‬ ‫ن‬‫ی‬‫ب‬‫ک‬‫ئ‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ح‬‫ت‬‫کے‬ ‫رورت‬‫ض‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬.
  • 7.
  • 8. ‫سر‬‫ن‬‫ب‬‫ڈ‬‫ن‬‫ک‬(condenser) ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ڑت‬‫ب‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ڈ‬‫الئ‬‫س‬ ‫کر‬ ‫گزر‬ ‫سے‬‫ے‬ ّ ‫ص‬‫ح‬‫اس‬ ‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ش‬‫رو‬.‫اس‬‫ے‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬‫گے‬‫ل‬ ‫ے‬‫ش‬‫ن‬‫س‬‫اص‬‫ج‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬ ‫ن‬‫ھ‬‫ک‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫طے‬‫ق‬‫ت‬ ‫اص‬‫ج‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ج‬‫ی‬‫ٹ‬‫س‬‫کو‬ ‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ش‬‫رو‬‫کہ‬ ‫و‬‫ج‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ت‬‫ش‬‫رو‬ ‫طرح‬‫اس‬ ‫اور‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ے‬‫ن‬‫پ‬ ‫د‬‫کر‬ ‫ا‬‫ی‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ات‬‫ج‬ ‫ڑھ‬‫ب‬‫ت‬‫حی‬‫ال‬‫ص‬ ‫کی‬.‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ک‬ ‫ے‬‫چ‬‫ی‬‫پ‬ ‫ر‬‫اوب‬‫کو‬ ‫اس‬‫ئ‬ ‫م‬‫ک‬ ‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ش‬‫رو‬‫سے‬‫س‬‫ج‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ک‬‫ا‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ات‬‫ج‬‫و‬‫ہ‬ ‫ادہ‬‫زئ‬
  • 9.
  • 10. Focusing Knobs ‫ن‬‫ی‬‫ب‬ ‫گول‬ ‫ےوالے‬‫کرن‬ ‫وکس‬‫ف‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫کے‬ ‫طرح‬‫وں‬‫دون‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬.‫ن‬‫ں‬‫ای‬‫م‬‫ھ‬‫گ‬ ‫کو‬ ‫کر‬‫ج‬‫والے‬‫اب‬‫ئ‬ ‫ڑی‬‫ب‬‫و‬‫ہ‬ ‫ز‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ت‬‫ک‬‫ر‬‫ح‬ ‫کی‬ ‫ج‬‫ی‬‫ٹ‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫ی‬‫ت‬ ‫سوس‬‫ح‬‫م‬ ‫ر‬‫ی‬‫غ‬‫ج‬‫ی‬‫ٹ‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ن‬ ‫ں‬‫ای‬‫م‬‫ھ‬‫گ‬ ‫کو‬ ‫والے‬ ‫ے‬‫ھون‬‫چ‬ ‫اور‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ک‬ ‫ت‬‫ک‬‫ر‬‫ح‬ ‫ے‬‫چ‬‫ی‬‫پ‬ ‫ر‬‫اوب‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫طور‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ر‬ ‫کو‬ ‫اب‬‫ئ‬‫ڑی‬‫ب‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬coarse focus‫کو‬ ‫اب‬‫ئ‬‫ی‬‫ھوت‬‫چ‬‫کہ‬‫ن‬‫ح‬fine focus‫ے‬‫ن‬‫ہ‬‫ک‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬
  • 11.
  • 12. REVOLVING NOSE PIECE‫س‬‫ن‬‫ب‬‫وز‬‫ن‬ •‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ک‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ائ‬‫م‬‫ھ‬‫گ‬ ‫کو‬ ‫ے‬ ّ ‫ص‬‫ح‬ ‫وی‬‫ص‬‫ی‬‫پ‬‫اس‬.‫اس‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ا‬‫در‬‫ف‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫خ‬‫م‬‫ھ‬‫اٹ‬‫س‬‫کے‬‫ے‬ ّ ‫ص‬‫ح‬ ‫کے‬‫وں‬‫ت‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫ط‬lens‫ت‬ ‫کے‬‫رورت‬‫ض‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫پ‬‫ا‬‫کو‬ ‫ن‬‫ج‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ے‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬‫گے‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ل‬‫ے‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ح‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ک‬‫س‬.‫ار‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫مو‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ب‬ ‫اس‬lens‫ت‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫ط‬‫کی‬ ‫دس‬‫ک‬‫ئ‬‫ا‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬ ‫ے‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬‫گے‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ک‬.‫ا‬‫ر‬‫دوس‬ ‫و‬‫ج‬ ‫اور‬ ‫ا‬‫ک‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫ط‬‫کی‬ ‫س‬‫ن‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ن‬‫ب‬،‫ا‬‫ک‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫ط‬‫کی‬ ‫س‬‫ن‬‫ب‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ت‬‫واال‬‫ے‬‫ن‬‫ھ‬‫ک‬‫ئ‬‫د‬‫سے‬‫ل‬‫ئ‬‫آ‬‫ا‬‫ھ‬‫ٹ‬‫ی‬ oil immersion lens‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫وت‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫گ‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫ط‬‫کی‬ ‫س‬‫ج‬.
  • 13.
  • 14. Light source ‫منبع‬ ‫کا‬ ‫روشنی‬ •‫ہ‬‫ش‬‫ن‬‫س‬‫حدب‬‫م‬ ‫ے‬‫ن‬‫ل‬ ‫کے‬‫ے‬‫ن‬‫پ‬ ‫د‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ش‬‫رو‬‫کو‬ ‫کوپ‬‫س‬‫کرو‬‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ھی‬‫ٹ‬‫سی‬‫ک‬ ‫کہ‬ ‫و‬‫ج‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫وئ‬‫ہ‬ ‫ا‬‫گ‬‫ل‬‫م‬ ‫کے‬‫کر‬ ‫کس‬‫ع‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫کو‬ ‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ش‬‫رو‬‫کی‬ ‫سورج‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ش‬‫رو‬condenser‫ھ‬‫ٹ‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫پ‬‫د‬‫کو‬‫ر‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ائ‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ائ‬‫گ‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ل‬‫ئ‬.‫کو‬ ‫ب‬‫ل‬‫ئ‬‫والے‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ش‬‫رو‬ ‫گرم‬tungsten‫ن‬‫ح‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬ ‫ے‬‫ن‬‫ہ‬‫ک‬ ‫ب‬‫ل‬‫ئ‬‫کہ‬ ‫ن‬‫ج‬‫لو‬‫ہ‬‫کو‬ ‫ب‬‫ل‬‫ئ‬‫والے‬‫ی‬‫ت‬‫ش‬‫رو‬‫ڈی‬‫ن‬‫ھ‬‫ٹ‬halogen‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬ ‫ے‬‫ن‬‫ہ‬‫ک‬ ‫ب‬‫ل‬‫ئ‬.