1. ‫انششائخ‬ ‫ػشض‬:٘‫انضذ‬ ٌ‫نغشغب‬ ٙ‫يشئ‬ ‫دنٛم‬
Slideshow: A Visual Guide to
Breast Cancer
Source from: WebMD
Reviewed by Sujana Movva, MD on August 21, 2013
‫بتصرف‬ ‫ترجمة‬
‫الشريك‬ ‫يوسف‬ ‫دكتور‬
Dr. Yousef Elshrek

2. •‫أػشاض‬ٌ‫عشغب‬٘‫انضذ‬
•‫ؿبنجب‬‫نٛظ‬‫ُْبى‬‫أػشاض‬‫رذل‬ٗ‫ػه‬‫اإلصبثخ‬،ّ‫ث‬ٍ‫ٔنك‬ٙ‫ك‬
‫ثؼط‬ٌ‫األدٛب‬‫هذ‬‫ٚزى‬‫انكشق‬ّٛ‫ػه‬ٍ‫ي‬‫هجم‬‫انًصبثخ‬ّ‫ث‬.
•‫رشًم‬‫ػاليبد‬‫ٔأػشاض‬‫اإلصبثخ‬‫ثبنًشض‬ٗ‫ػه‬ٙ‫انزبن‬:-
.1‫ظٕٓس‬‫َزٕءاد‬‫ؿٛش‬‫يؤنًخ‬ٙ‫ك‬٘‫انضذ‬
.2‫دذٔس‬‫رـٛش‬ٙ‫ك‬‫دجى‬٘‫انضذ‬ٔ‫أ‬‫رـٛش‬ٙ‫ك‬ّ‫شكه‬
.3‫رٕسو‬ٙ‫ك‬‫اإلثػ‬
•‫انزٕسو‬‫انًلبجئ‬٘‫نهضذ‬(‫ادًشاس‬٘‫انضذ‬‫ٔرذٕل‬ّ‫يهًغ‬ّ‫ٔشكه‬
ٗ‫إن‬‫يب‬ّ‫ٚشج‬‫هششح‬‫انجشروبل‬)
•‫انزـٛٛشاد‬‫انذهًخ‬ٔ‫أ‬ٙ‫ك‬‫اإلكشاصاد‬(‫هذ‬‫ٚزغجت‬‫رشاكى‬‫انغٕائم‬
ٙ‫ك‬٘‫انضذ‬ٗ‫إن‬ِ‫ظٕٓس‬‫ثشكم‬‫يذجت‬ّ‫ٚشج‬‫شكم‬‫هششح‬‫انجشروبل‬.
ٙ‫ك‬‫ثؼط‬ٌ‫األدٛب‬‫رشخص‬‫ثشكم‬‫خبغئ‬ٗ‫ػه‬َّ‫ا‬‫نذؿخ‬‫دششح‬
ٔ‫أ‬ٖٔ‫ػذ‬ٙ‫ك‬٘‫انضذ‬.ٙ‫ك‬ّ‫دبن‬ٌ‫عشغب‬٘‫انضذ‬ٙ‫االنزٓبث‬‫ال‬‫ٕٚجذ‬
‫ٔسو‬ٙ‫ك‬‫انـبنت‬‫كًب‬ٙ‫ك‬‫ثوٛخ‬‫عشغبَبد‬٘‫انضذ‬.‫األػشاض‬‫هذ‬
ًٍ‫رزع‬:
•‫انذكخ‬.
•‫روهص‬‫ٔاَكًبػ‬‫انذهًخ‬.
•‫رٕسو‬‫انـذد‬‫انهًلبٔٚخ‬‫رذذ‬‫انزساع‬ٙ‫ٔك‬‫انشهجخ‬.
•‫دفء‬‫ؿٛش‬٘‫ػبد‬ٙ‫ك‬٘‫انضذ‬‫انًصبة‬.
•‫ٚصجخ‬٘‫انضذ‬ٙ‫هبع‬‫ٔيزصهت‬.
Breast Cancer Symptoms
There are often no symptoms of
breast cancer, but sometimes
women may discover a breast
problem on their own. Signs and
symptoms to be aware of may
include:
A painless lump in the breast
Changes in breast size or shape
Swelling in the armpit
Nipple changes or discharge
Breast pain can also be a
symptom of cancer, but this is not
common.

3. •‫ػاليبد‬‫انزٓبة‬ٌ‫عشغب‬٘‫انضذ‬
•‫انزٓبثبد‬ٌ‫عشغب‬٘‫انضذ‬‫َبدسح‬،‫انذذٔس‬‫ٚزًٛض‬‫ثبنزطٕس‬
‫انغشٚغ‬‫ٔظٕٓس‬‫انًُطوخ‬‫انًصبثخ‬ٌٕ‫ثه‬‫أدًش‬‫يزٕسو‬
،‫ٔصهت‬‫ٔٚذذس‬ٌ‫انغشغب‬ٙ‫االنزٓبث‬‫ػُذيب‬‫رغذ‬‫انخالٚب‬
‫انٕسيٛخ‬‫األٔػٛخ‬‫انهًلبٔٚخ‬ٙ‫ك‬٘‫انضذ‬،‫يًب‬‫ٚغجت‬
‫ظٕٓس‬‫انشكم‬ٙ‫انٕصل‬‫انًًٛض‬٘‫نهضذ‬‫ٔٚزشاكن‬ٙ‫ك‬‫ثؼط‬
ٌ‫األدٛب‬‫يغ‬‫دذٔس‬‫رـٛشاد‬‫جهذٚخ‬(‫جهذ‬‫انجشروبل‬)
‫ٔاَكًبػ‬‫ٔروهص‬‫دجى‬‫انذهًخ‬.
•ٍ‫ي‬‫اإلػشاض‬ٖ‫األخش‬ّ‫ن‬‫انضٚبدح‬‫انغشٚؼخ‬ٙ‫ك‬‫دجى‬
،٘‫انضذ‬،‫االدًشاس‬‫انذكخ‬،‫انًغزًشح‬‫ٔعخَٕخ‬‫انجهذ‬‫ػُذ‬
ّ‫نًغ‬.
•‫ٚخزهػ‬ّ‫رشخٛص‬‫ثشكم‬‫شبئغ‬‫يغ‬‫انزٓبة‬‫ؿذح‬‫ٔأَغجخ‬
٘‫انضذ‬
Signs of Inflammatory Breast Cancer
Inflammatory breast cancer is a rare, fast-
growing type of cancer that often causes no
distinct lump. Instead, breast skin may become
thick, red, and may look pitted -- like an orange
peel. The area may also feel warm or tender
and have small bumps that look like a rash.

4. •ٌ‫عشغب‬٘‫انضذ‬‫ٔرصٕٚش‬٘‫انضذ‬
‫ثبألشؼخ‬‫انغُٛٛخ‬
•‫انكشق‬‫انًجكش‬ٗ‫ػه‬ِ‫ٔجٕد‬‫ٔهجم‬
ِ‫رطٕس‬‫ٚغٓم‬ّ‫ػالج‬.
•‫ٚزى‬‫رصٕٚش‬٘‫انضذ‬‫ثبألشؼخ‬،‫انغُٛٛخ‬
ٙ‫ٔانز‬‫ثٕاعطزٓب‬ٍ‫ًٚك‬‫انكشق‬ٍ‫ػ‬
‫األٔساو‬‫هجم‬ٌ‫أ‬ٌٕ‫رك‬‫كجٛشح‬‫ثًب‬ٙ‫ٚكل‬.
•ٙ‫رٕص‬‫جًؼٛخ‬ٌ‫انغشغب‬‫األيشٚكٛخ‬
‫إجشاء‬‫ػًهٛخ‬‫يغخ‬٘‫انضذ‬‫ثبألشؼخ‬
‫انغُٛٛخ‬‫عُٕٚب‬‫اثزذاء‬ٍ‫ي‬ٍ‫ع‬40
‫نهُغبء‬(‫يزٕعػ‬‫يشادم‬‫​انًخبغش‬​).
•ٙ‫رٕص‬‫كشهخ‬‫انؼًم‬ٙ‫انٕهبئ‬‫خذيبد‬
‫كذص‬‫ثبألشؼخ‬‫انغُٛٛخ‬ٙ‫ك‬‫انٕالٚبد‬
‫انًزذذح‬‫كم‬ٍٛ‫عُز‬‫نهُغبء‬ٍْ‫أػًبس‬
‫يب‬ٍٛ‫ث‬50-74.
•‫انًطهٕة‬ٍ‫ي‬‫كم‬‫عٛذح‬‫هجم‬ٌ‫أ‬‫رجهؾ‬
ٍ‫ع‬50‫عُخ‬،‫يشاجؼخ‬‫انطجٛت‬‫نًؼشكخ‬
‫يب‬ْٕ‫جذٔل‬‫انلذص‬‫انًُبعت‬،‫نٓب‬
‫نًؼشكخ‬‫ادزًبالد‬‫انلبئذح‬‫ٔانعشس‬
ٍٛ‫انًذزًه‬.
Breast Cancer and Mammograms
The earlier breast cancer is found, the easier it is
to treat. And mammograms, X-rays of the breast,
can detect tumors before they are large enough
to feel. The American Cancer Society
recommends yearly mammograms beginning at
age 40 for women at average risk. The U.S.
Preventive Services Task Force recommends a
screening mammogram every two years from age
50 to 74. It also notes that before age 50, each
woman should check with a doctor to find out
what screening schedule is right for her,
considering the potential benefits and harms.

5. •‫انكشق‬ٍ‫ػ‬ٌ‫عشغب‬٘‫انضذ‬
‫ثبنًٕجبد‬‫كٕم‬‫انصٕرٛخ‬
‫ٔرصٕٚش‬ٍَٛ‫ثبنش‬ٙ‫انًـُبغٛغ‬
‫ثجبَت‬‫رصٕٚش‬٘‫انضذ‬‫ثبألشؼخ‬
‫انغُٛٛخ‬ٍ‫ًٚك‬ٌ‫أ‬‫ٚطهت‬‫انطجٛت‬
‫انكشق‬ٍ‫ػ‬٘‫انضذ‬‫ثبنًٕجبد‬
‫كٕم‬‫انصٕرٛخ‬ٙ‫ٔانز‬‫ثٕاعطزٓب‬
‫انكشق‬ٍ‫ػ‬‫ٔجٕد‬‫أكٛبط‬
‫يًزهئخ‬‫ثبنغٕائم‬‫ٔنكُٓب‬‫ؿٛش‬
‫عشغبَٛخ‬،‫ٔهذ‬‫ٚزطهت‬‫األيش‬
‫انزصٕٚش‬ٍَٛ‫ثبنش‬ٙ‫انًـُبغٛغ‬
‫يغ‬‫انزصٕٚش‬‫ثبألشؼخ‬‫انغُٛٛخ‬
‫نهكشق‬ُٙٛ‫انشٔر‬‫نجؼط‬
‫انغٛذاد‬ٙ‫انالر‬ٍٓٚ‫نذ‬‫ادزًبل‬
‫خطش‬‫اإلصبثخ‬‫ثٓزا‬‫انًشض‬
Breast Ultrasound and MRI
Besides a mammogram, your doctor may
order additional imaging with breast
ultrasound. An ultrasound can help
determine the presence of cysts, fluid-filled
sacs that are not cancer. An MRI may be
recommended along with a mammogram for
routine screening in certain women who
have a higher risk of breast cancer.

6. •٘‫انضذ‬ ‫كشق‬ٙ‫انزار‬
‫صذسْب‬ ٗ‫ػه‬ ‫انشٓش‬ ٙ‫ك‬ ‫ٔادذح‬ ‫يشح‬ ‫ايشأح‬ ‫كم‬ ‫ركشق‬ ٌ‫ثأ‬ ٗ‫ٕٚص‬.
•‫انكشق‬ ٙ‫ك‬ ‫جذا‬ ‫صـٛشا‬ ‫دٔسا‬ ‫رهؼت‬ ٘‫نهضذ‬ ‫انزارٛخ‬ ‫انكشٕكبد‬ ِ‫ْز‬ ٌ‫أ‬ ٗ‫إن‬ ‫انذساعبد‬ ‫رشٛش‬
ٌ‫انغشغب‬ ٗ‫ػه‬.
•‫انًشأح‬ ‫رؼشف‬ ٌ‫أ‬ ‫انًٓى‬ ٍ‫ي‬ َّ‫أ‬ ْٕ ٙ‫انذبن‬ ‫انزلكٛش‬ٍ‫ػ‬ ‫أكضش‬‫ٔٚجت‬ ، ‫صذٚٓب‬ ٍ‫ػ‬ ‫انزـٛشاد‬
‫دٔسٚب‬ ‫كذصٓب‬ ٍ‫ي‬ ‫ثذال‬ ، ‫نصذسْب‬ ‫ٚذذس‬ ‫رـٛش‬ ٘‫ثأ‬ ‫يؼشكخ‬
•‫انطجٛخ‬ ‫ثبنكشٕكبد‬ ‫يصبدجب‬ ٌٕ‫ٚك‬ ٍ‫ٔنك‬ ، ٘‫نهضذ‬ ٙ‫انزار‬ ‫ثبنكشق‬ ‫روٕو‬ ‫انًشأح‬ ٗ‫ػه‬ ‫ٚجت‬
‫انًخزص‬ ‫غجٛجٓب‬ ‫هجم‬ ٍ‫ي‬.
Breast Self-Exams
It was once widely recommended that women
check their own breasts once a month. But
studies suggest these breast self-exams play a
very small role in finding cancer. The current
thinking is that it’s more important to know
your breasts and be aware of any changes,
rather than checking them on a regular
schedule. If you want to do breast self-exams,
be sure to go over the technique with your
doctor

7. •‫انضذ٘؟‬ ٙ‫ك‬ ‫ٔسو‬ ‫ٔجٕد‬ ‫ػُذ‬ ‫ٚذذس‬ ‫يبرا‬
‫نهزػش‬ ٙ‫داػ‬ ‫ال‬ ،‫أٔال‬.
•80%ٍ‫ي‬‫أٔساو‬٘‫انضذ‬‫نٛغذ‬‫عشغبَٛخ‬.
•‫ظٕٓس‬‫يضم‬ِ‫ْز‬‫األٔساو‬‫ؿبنجب‬‫يب‬ٌٕ‫رك‬
،‫دًٛذح‬‫ؿٛش‬،‫يزغشغُخ‬ٙٓ‫ك‬‫ؿبنجب‬‫ػجبسح‬
ٍ‫ػ‬‫أكٛبط‬‫ؿٛش‬‫ظبسح‬ٔ‫أ‬‫َزٛجخ‬‫دذٔس‬
‫رـٛٛشاد‬ٙ‫ك‬‫األَغجخ‬‫أصُبء‬‫دٔسح‬‫انطًش‬.
•ٍ‫ٔنك‬‫ٚجت‬ٗ‫ػه‬‫كم‬‫عٛذح‬ٌ‫أ‬‫رخجش‬‫غجٛجٓب‬
‫كٕسا‬‫ثًجشد‬‫دذٔس‬٘‫أ‬‫رـٛش‬ٙ‫ك‬‫أَغجخ‬
‫صذٚٓب‬.
•ٍ‫ٔي‬‫أْى‬‫يًٛضاد‬‫انكشق‬،‫انًجكش‬َّ‫أ‬
‫ٚشٚخ‬‫انجبل‬،‫ٔهذ‬‫ٕٚظخ‬‫ثٕجٕد‬‫خالٚب‬
‫عشغبَٛخ‬ٙ‫ك‬‫يشادهٓب‬ٗ‫األٔن‬ٍ‫ي‬ًُٕ‫ان‬
ٙ‫ٔانز‬ٍ‫ًٚك‬‫يؼبنجزٓب‬‫ٔانغٛطشح‬‫ػهٛٓب‬
‫ثُجبح‬.
What If You Find a
Lump?
First, don't panic. Eighty percent
of breast lumps are not cancerous.
Lumps often turn out to be
harmless cysts or tissue changes
related to your menstrual cycle.
But you should let your doctor
know right away if you find
anything unusual in your breast. If
it is cancer, the earlier it's found
the better. And if it's not, testing
can give you peace of mind.

8. •‫أخذ‬‫خزعة‬‫من‬‫الثدي‬
•‫طرٌقة‬‫أخذ‬‫الخزعة‬ً‫ه‬‫الطرٌقة‬
‫الوحٌدة‬‫لتحدٌد‬‫ما‬‫إذا‬‫كانت‬‫كثل‬
‫المتكونة‬ً‫ف‬‫الثدي‬ً‫ه‬‫خالٌا‬
‫سرطانٌة‬‫أو‬‫ال‬.
•‫وهذا‬‫ٌنطوي‬‫على‬‫أخذ‬‫عٌنة‬
(‫وخزة‬)‫من‬‫أنسجة‬‫الثدي‬ً‫ف‬
‫المختبر‬‫من‬‫خالل‬‫إبرة‬‫صغٌرة‬.
•ً‫ف‬‫بعض‬‫األحٌان‬‫ٌتم‬‫أخذ‬‫جزء‬‫من‬
‫الكتلة‬‫المتورمة‬‫أو‬‫الكتلة‬‫بكاملها‬
‫عن‬‫طرٌق‬‫إجراء‬‫عملٌة‬‫جراحٌة‬.
•‫وسوف‬‫تظهر‬‫النتائج‬‫ما‬‫إذا‬‫كانت‬
‫الكتلة‬ً‫ه‬‫خالٌا‬‫سرطانٌة‬‫أو‬‫ال‬.
•‫إذا‬‫دلت‬‫نتائج‬‫الكشف‬‫بأن‬‫هذه‬
‫الكتلة‬‫عبارة‬‫عن‬‫خالٌا‬‫سرطانٌة‬،
ً‫فف‬‫مثل‬‫هذه‬‫الحالة‬‫ٌجب‬‫معرفة‬
‫نوع‬‫السرطان‬‫وتحدٌد‬‫الطرٌقة‬
‫المناسبة‬‫لعالجه‬.
Breast Biopsy
The only sure way to determine whether a
lump is cancer is to do a biopsy. This involves
taking a tissue sample for further examination
in the lab, sometimes through a small needle.
Sometimes surgery is done to take part of or
the entire lump for testing. The results will
show whether the lump is cancer, and if so,
what type. There are several forms of breast
cancer, and treatments are carefully matched to
the type of cancer.

9. •‫هرمون‬‫حساسٌة‬‫سرطان‬‫الثدي‬
•‫تغذى‬‫هرمونات‬‫االستروجٌن‬‫أو‬
‫البروجسترون‬‫بعض‬‫أنواع‬‫سرطان‬‫الثدي‬
‫وتشجعها‬‫على‬‫النمو‬.
•‫الكشف‬‫عن‬‫طرٌق‬‫أخذ‬،‫الخزعة‬‫ٌمكن‬‫أن‬
‫تكشف‬‫ما‬‫إذا‬‫كان‬‫الورم‬‫له‬‫مستقبالت‬
‫هرمون‬‫االستروجٌن‬(+ERً‫إٌجاب‬)‫و‬
/‫أو‬‫البروجسترون‬(+PRً‫إٌجاب‬).
•‫اثنٌن‬‫من‬‫أصل‬‫ثالثة‬‫سرطانات‬‫الثدي‬ً‫ه‬
‫عبارة‬‫عن‬‫هرمون‬‫الحساسٌة‬‫لسرطان‬
‫الثدي‬.
•‫هناك‬‫العدٌد‬‫من‬‫األدوٌة‬ً‫الت‬‫تمنع‬‫تغذٌة‬
‫الهرمونات‬‫للخالٌا‬‫السرطانٌة‬‫وتقلل‬
‫نموها‬.
•‫الصورة‬‫التالٌة‬‫توضح‬‫نموذجا‬‫جزٌئٌا‬‫من‬
‫مستقبالت‬‫هرمون‬‫االستروجٌن‬.
Hormone-Sensitive Breast Cancer
Some types of breast cancer are fueled by
the hormones estrogen or progesterone. A
biopsy can reveal whether a tumor has
receptors for estrogen (ER-positive) and/or
progesterone (PR-positive). About two out
of three breast cancers are hormone
sensitive. There are several medications
that keep the hormones from promoting
further cancer growth.
The image shows a molecular model of an
estrogen receptor.

10. •‫يغزوجالد‬‫إٚجبثٛخ‬ٌ‫نغشغب‬٘‫انضذ‬
human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
(HER2)
•‫رصم‬‫َغجخ‬‫ٔجٕد‬‫يغزوجالد‬‫اإلٚجبثٛخ‬‫انكضٛشح‬‫انًؼشٔكخ‬‫ثبعى‬
(HER2)ٙ‫دٕان‬20%ٙ‫ك‬‫انًصبثبد‬ٌ‫ثغشغب‬٘‫انضذ‬
•‫ٚؼشف‬َّ‫ثأ‬‫أعشع‬‫األَٕاع‬‫ًَٕا‬ٍ‫ي‬‫انغشغبَبد‬ٖ‫األخش‬.
•ٍ‫ي‬‫انًٓى‬‫رذذٚذ‬‫يب‬‫إرا‬ٌ‫كب‬‫انٕسو‬ٙ‫إٚجبث‬HER2،ٙ‫كل‬‫يضم‬ِ‫ْز‬
‫انذبنخ‬‫ٚذزبط‬ّ‫يؼبنجز‬‫ثًؼبنجخ‬‫خبصخ‬ّ‫ث‬.
•‫انصٕسح‬‫رٕظخ‬‫خهٛخ‬ٌ‫عشغب‬٘‫انضذ‬HER2-‫اإلٚجبثٛخ‬‫ٕٔٚظخ‬
ٌٕ‫انه‬‫األخعش‬‫كٛٓب‬ًَٕ‫خالٚب‬‫ؿٛش‬‫انطجٛؼٛخ‬.
HER2-Positive Breast
Cancer
In about 20% of patients,
breast cancer cells have
too many receptors for a
protein called HER2. This
type of cancer is known as
HER2-positive, and it
tends to spread faster than
other forms of breast
cancer. It's important to
determine whether a
tumor is HER2-positive,
because there are special
treatments for this form of
cancer.
A HER2-positive breast
cancer cell is illustrated
here, with abnormal
growth signals shown in
green.

11. •‫يشادم‬ٍٕٚ‫رك‬ٌ‫عشغب‬٘‫انضذ‬
•‫انخطٕح‬‫انزبنٛخ‬‫ثؼذ‬‫رشخٛص‬ٌ‫عشغب‬،٘‫انضذ‬ْٙ‫رذذٚذ‬‫دجى‬‫كجش‬‫انٕسو‬
ٖ‫ٔيذ‬ِ‫اَزشبس‬
•‫هغى‬‫األغجبء‬ٍٕٚ‫رك‬ٌ‫عشغب‬٘‫انضذ‬ٗ‫إن‬‫أسثؼخ‬‫يشادم‬ِْٙٔ‫ْز‬‫انخطٕح‬
‫ثؼًهٛخ‬‫يب‬ًٗ‫ٚغ‬‫يشدهخ‬(0):-ٙ‫ك‬ِ‫ْز‬‫انًشدهخ‬ٌٕ‫ٚك‬ٌ‫انغشغب‬ٙ‫يٕظؼ‬
ٔ‫أ‬‫يذٕصم‬ٌْٕٔ‫عشغب‬‫ؿٛش‬ٙ‫اجزٛبد‬‫يجكش‬‫جذا‬ٙ‫ك‬٘‫انضذ‬‫ال‬ٔ‫ٚـض‬‫انخالٚب‬
،‫انًجبٔسح‬ٍ‫ًٔٚك‬ّ‫اعزئصبن‬‫ٔاالدزلبظ‬٘‫ثبنضذ‬ٔ‫أ‬‫اعزئصبل‬٘‫انضذ‬ّ‫ثكبيه‬)
.1‫انًشدهخ‬(1)ْٔٙ‫يشدهخ‬‫يجكشح‬ٍ‫ي‬ٌ‫عشغب‬٘‫انضذ‬‫ٔهذ‬‫ٚصٛت‬‫كٛٓب‬
‫األَغجخ‬،‫انًجبٔسح‬ُٙ‫ٔرؼ‬‫انًشدهخ‬ٗ‫األٔن‬ٌ‫أ‬ٌ‫انغشغب‬‫نى‬‫ٚزجبٔص‬٘‫انضذ‬
.2‫انًشدهخ‬(2)ْٔٙ‫أٚعب‬‫يشدهخ‬‫يجكشح‬ٍ‫ي‬ٌ‫عشغب‬٘‫انضذ‬‫هذ‬‫ٚصٛت‬‫كٛٓب‬
‫األَغجخ‬‫انًجبٔسح‬‫ٔهذ‬‫ُٚزشش‬ٌ‫انغشغب‬ٙ‫ك‬‫انؼوذ‬‫انهًٛلبٔٚخ‬‫رذذ‬‫اإلثػ‬.
ْٙٔ‫هذ‬ٌٕ‫رك‬ٗ‫ػه‬ٍٛ‫دسجز‬Stage IIAٔ‫أ‬Stage IIB
.3‫انًشدهخ‬(3)ًٔٗ‫رغ‬‫يشدهخ‬ٌ‫انغشغب‬ٙ‫انًٕظؼ‬،‫انًزوذو‬ٌٕ‫ٔٚك‬ِ‫اَزشبس‬
‫أكضش‬ٙ‫ك‬‫انؼوذ‬‫انهًٛلبٔٚخ‬‫رذذ‬‫اإلثػ‬‫ٔسثًب‬ٙ‫ك‬‫األَغجخ‬ٖ‫األخش‬‫انًذبرٚخ‬
٘‫نهضذ‬.ْٙٔ‫هذ‬ٌٕ‫رك‬ٗ‫ػه‬3‫دسجبد‬Stage IIIAٔ‫أ‬Stage IIIBٔ‫أ‬
Stage IIIC.
.4‫انًشدهخ‬(4)ْٙٔ‫انًشدهخ‬‫االَجضبصٛخ‬‫ٔكٛٓب‬‫ُٚزوم‬ٌ‫انغشغب‬ٍ‫ي‬٘‫انضذ‬
ٙ‫نجبه‬‫أػعبء‬‫انجغى‬‫كبنؼظبو‬‫ٔانشئخ‬‫ٔانكجذ‬‫ٔانذيبؽ‬.
Breast Cancer Stages
Once breast cancer
has been diagnosed,
the next step is to
determine how big
the tumor is and how
far the cancer has
spread. This process
is called staging.
Doctors use Stages 0-
4 to describe whether
cancer is localized to
the breast, has
invaded nearby
lymph nodes, or has
spread to other
organs, such as the
lungs. Knowing the
stage and type of
breast cancer will
help your health care
team formulate a
treatment strategy.

12. •‫ٚالدع‬ٌ‫أ‬‫األٔساو‬،‫رزذسط‬ٍ‫ي‬
‫انًشدهخ‬‫صلش‬(‫دٛش‬‫ُْبى‬‫ٔسو‬
‫صـٛش‬‫ثذاخم‬‫انُزٕءاد‬‫ٔانـذد‬
‫انهجُٛخ‬‫هذ‬ٌٕ‫ٚك‬‫ؿٛش‬‫يذغٕط‬
‫ثبنٛذ‬‫ػُذ‬‫كذص‬،٘‫انضذ‬‫ٔؿذد‬
‫نًٛلبٔٚخ‬‫ال‬‫رٕجذ‬‫ثٓب‬‫خالٚب‬
‫عشغبَٛخ‬)ٗ‫دز‬‫انًشدهخ‬،‫انشاثؼخ‬
(‫دٛش‬‫انٕسو‬‫هذ‬‫اَزشش‬ٗ‫إن‬‫يُطوخ‬
ٔ‫أ‬‫يُبغن‬ٖ‫أخش‬‫خبسط‬‫يُطوخ‬
٘‫انضذ‬‫سثًب‬ٗ‫إن‬‫انشئخ‬‫ٔانكجذ‬...
‫إنخ‬)،‫ٔثًُٛٓب‬‫دسجبد‬ٖ‫أخش‬ٙ‫ك‬
‫انًشدهخ‬‫انضبَٛخ‬‫ٔانضبنضخ‬
•‫ٔرشجغ‬‫أًْٛخ‬‫روغٛى‬‫ٔرؼشٚق‬
‫انًشادم‬ْٙ‫انزخطٛػ‬‫نهؼالط‬
‫ٔإػطبء‬‫ككشح‬‫يجذئٛخ‬ٍ‫ػ‬
‫يغزوجم‬‫انًصبثخ‬ّ‫ث‬.

13. •‫معدل‬‫بقاء‬‫على‬‫قٌد‬‫الحٌاة‬
‫ترتبط‬‫احتماالت‬‫البقاء‬‫على‬‫قٌد‬‫الحٌاة‬
‫بمراحل‬‫تكوٌن‬‫سرطان‬‫الثدي‬‫ومدى‬
‫انتشاره‬
•‫وفقا‬‫لجمعٌة‬‫السرطان‬،‫األمٌركٌة‬‫أن‬
88٪‫من‬‫النساء‬‫المصابات‬‫بسرطان‬
‫الثدي‬‫المرحلة‬(1)‫ٌعٌشهن‬‫خمس‬
‫سنوات‬‫على‬،‫األقل‬‫مقارنة‬‫مع‬‫النساء‬
ً‫اللوات‬‫لم‬‫ٌكن‬‫لدٌهن‬‫سرطان‬–‫وقد‬
‫تكون‬‫الكثٌر‬‫منهن‬ً‫ف‬‫هذه‬‫المجموعة‬
‫خالٌة‬‫من‬‫السرطان‬‫نهائٌا‬.
•‫وتقل‬‫هذه‬‫المدة‬‫على‬‫حسب‬‫المرحلة‬
‫تكوٌن‬‫السرطان‬،‫وبالطبع‬‫تكون‬‫المرحلة‬
(4)‫أقل‬‫بنسبة‬15%‫من‬‫المراحل‬
‫السابقة‬‫الستمرار‬‫الحٌاة‬
•‫ولكن‬‫قد‬‫تطال‬‫مدة‬‫الحٌاة‬‫بالعالج‬
‫المناسب‬‫ومدى‬‫استجابة‬‫المرض‬‫للعالج‬.
Breast Cancer Survival Rates
The odds of surviving breast cancer are
strongly tied to how early it is found.
According to the American Cancer
Society, 88% of women with Stage 1
breast cancer live at least five years,
compared with women who don't have
cancer -- and many women in this group
remain cancer-free for good. The more
advanced the cancer, the lower this figure
becomes. By Stage 4, the five-year
relative survival rate declines to 15%.
But these rates can improve as more
effective treatments are found.

14. •‫سرطان‬‫الثدي‬-‫العالج‬‫باإلشعاع‬
‫ٌمكن‬‫استخدام‬‫عالج‬‫باإلشعاع‬‫بعد‬‫إجراء‬‫عملٌة‬‫جراحة‬‫لثدي‬،
‫باإلضافة‬‫إلى‬‫العالج‬ً‫الكٌمٌائ‬‫للسرطان‬‫المنتشر‬.
•‫ما‬‫هو‬‫العالج‬‫الشعاعً؟‬
•‫وهو‬‫استعمال‬‫أشعة‬‫ذات‬‫طاقة‬‫عالٌة‬‫للقضاء‬‫على‬‫الخالٌا‬
‫السرطانٌة‬‫ومنعها‬‫من‬‫النمو‬.‫ٌكون‬‫اإلشعاع‬‫إما‬‫من‬‫الخارج‬
external radiation‫وٌصدر‬‫من‬‫جهاز‬‫خارج‬‫الجسم‬‫أو‬‫بوضع‬
‫مواد‬‫إشعاعٌة‬ً‫ف‬‫أنابٌب‬‫بالستٌكٌة‬‫رقٌقة‬‫مباشرة‬‫داخل‬‫الثدي‬
‫وٌسمى‬‫باإلشعاع‬‫المزروع‬implant radiation‫وأحٌانا‬‫تتلقى‬
‫المرٌضة‬‫النوعٌن‬‫من‬‫العالج‬.
•‫ومن‬‫عٌوبه‬‫بأنه‬‫ٌسبب‬‫أثار‬‫جانبٌة‬‫مثل‬‫التورم‬ً‫ف‬‫منطقة‬‫المعرة‬
‫لإلشعاع‬،،‫والتعب‬‫أو‬‫اإلحساس‬‫بالحرق‬‫مثل‬‫حرقة‬‫الشمس‬
Breast Cancer - Radiation
Therapy
Radiation therapy can be
used after breast cancer
surgery, or it may be used in
addition to chemotherapy
for widespread cancer. The
high-energy radiation kills
cancer cells. This treatment
does have side effects, which
can include swelling of the
area, tiredness, or a
sunburn-like sensation

15. • Breast Cancer - Chemotherapy
• Chemotherapy drugs are given to
kill cancer cells that are located
anywhere in the body. It can be
administered by IV solution, by
pill, or by an injection, depending
upon the drug. Sometimes
chemotherapy is given after
surgery to help prevent the
cancer from recurring. Side
effects of chemotherapy can
include risk of infection, nausea,
fatigue, and hair loss.
‫سرطان‬‫الثدي‬-‫العالج‬ً‫الكٌمٌائ‬*
‫ما‬‫هو‬‫العالج‬ً‫الكٌمٌائ‬‫أو‬‫الكٌماوي؟‬
‫هو‬‫استعمال‬‫األدوٌة‬‫والعقاقٌر‬‫للقضاء‬‫على‬‫الخالٌا‬
‫السرطانٌة‬ً‫وف‬‫أغلب‬‫الحاالت‬‫ٌعالج‬‫سرطان‬‫الثدي‬
‫بمجموعة‬‫من‬،‫األدوٌة‬‫وتعطى‬‫األدوٌة‬‫إما‬‫عن‬
‫طرٌق‬‫الفم‬‫أو‬‫بالحقن‬ً‫ف‬‫الورٌد‬‫أو‬ً‫ف‬،‫العضل‬
ً‫وف‬‫كل‬‫الطرق‬‫ٌعتبر‬‫العالج‬ً‫الكٌمٌائ‬‫عالجا‬
‫شامال‬‫ألن‬‫األدوٌة‬‫تصل‬‫إلى‬‫جمٌع‬‫أنحاء‬‫الجسم‬
‫عن‬‫طرٌق‬‫مجرى‬‫الدم‬.ً‫بالتال‬‫فهو‬‫مفٌد‬ً‫ف‬‫حالة‬
‫انتشار‬‫المرض‬.
‫تعطى‬‫األدوٌة‬‫إما‬‫عن‬‫طرٌق‬‫الفم‬‫أو‬‫بالحقن‬ً‫ف‬
‫الورٌد‬‫أو‬ً‫ف‬‫العضل‬‫ولتسهٌل‬‫عملٌة‬‫الحقن‬
‫بالورٌد‬‫والتقلٌل‬‫من‬‫إمكانٌة‬‫حدوث‬‫التهاب‬‫مكان‬
‫وضع‬‫اإلبرة‬ً‫ف‬‫الورٌد‬‫فربما‬‫تطلبٌن‬‫أو‬‫ٌخبرك‬
‫الطبٌب‬‫أنه‬‫باإلمكان‬‫زرع‬‫منفذ‬ً‫بالستٌك‬‫تحت‬
‫الجلد‬‫ٌتم‬‫حقن‬‫األدوٌة‬‫من‬‫خالله‬‫وأٌضا‬‫أخذ‬‫عٌنات‬
‫الدم‬.
‫ومن‬‫عٌوب‬‫هذا‬‫العالج‬‫تعرض‬‫المرٌض‬‫للتلوث‬
ً‫المٌكروب‬‫والدوخة‬‫والتعب‬‫وفقد‬‫الشعر‬.
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
*‫المصدر‬:-sehha.com

16. Breast Cancer - Hormone Therapy
ER- and PR-positive breast cancers
grow in response to hormones, so
hormone therapy that blocks the
action of hormones can be given to
women whose breast cancer is
hormone receptor-positive. It is
usually given after surgery, but it
can also be given to reduce the
chance of developing breast cancer
in women at high risk.
‫عالج‬‫سرطان‬‫الثدي‬‫بالهرمونات‬*
‫أورام‬‫الثدي‬‫لها‬‫عالقة‬‫شدٌدة‬‫الهرمونات‬‫األنثوٌة‬‫وخصوصا‬
‫االستروجٌن‬(‫هرمون‬‫االستروجٌن‬‫ٌجعل‬‫بعض‬‫أنواع‬‫الخالٌا‬
‫السرطانٌة‬ً‫ف‬‫الثدي‬‫تنمو‬‫إن‬‫كان‬ً‫ف‬‫الورم‬ً‫السرطان‬‫عدد‬‫كبٌر‬‫من‬
‫مستقبالت‬ً‫هرمون‬‫االستروجٌن‬estrogen receptors - ERs
‫والبروجٌستٌرون‬progesterone receptors - PgRs)‫ولذلك‬‫كان‬
‫العالج‬‫بالهرمونات‬‫أو‬‫ما‬‫ٌمنع‬‫إفرازها‬‫أو‬‫تأثٌرها‬‫على‬‫الثدي‬‫من‬‫أول‬
‫الطرق‬‫المستخدمة‬ً‫ف‬‫عالج‬‫أورام‬،‫الثدي‬‫ولقد‬‫كان‬‫الكتشاف‬
‫مستقبالت‬‫الهرمونات‬‫بأورام‬‫الثدي‬‫فضل‬‫كبٌر‬ً‫ف‬‫اختٌار‬‫المرٌضات‬
ً‫الالت‬‫ٌوجد‬‫لدٌهن‬‫مستقبالت‬‫للهرمونات‬ً‫ف‬‫أورامهن‬+ER‫أو‬/‫و‬
+PR‫للعالج‬،ً‫الهرمون‬‫فإن‬ً‫حوال‬ً‫ثلث‬‫مرٌضات‬‫سرطان‬‫الثدي‬
‫توجد‬‫لدٌهن‬‫مستقبالت‬‫موجبة‬‫وذلك‬ً‫ٌعن‬‫أن‬ً‫ثلث‬‫مرٌضات‬‫سرطان‬
‫الثدي‬‫سوف‬‫ٌستجبن‬‫استجابة‬‫جٌدة‬‫للعالج‬ً‫الهرمون‬.
‫أما‬‫إذا‬‫كانت‬‫مستقبالت‬‫الهرمونات‬‫سالبة‬-ER‫أو‬-PR‫فال‬‫ٌنصح‬
‫بإعطاء‬‫أي‬‫عالج‬ً‫هرمون‬‫بسبب‬‫تعرض‬‫المرٌضة‬‫لكل‬‫مضاعفات‬
‫العالج‬‫بدون‬‫وجود‬‫فائدة‬‫تذكر‬‫كما‬‫سجل‬ً‫ف‬‫معظم‬-‫إن‬‫لم‬‫ٌكن‬‫كل‬-
‫الدراسات‬‫العلمٌة‬.‫وأٌضا‬‫أثبتت‬‫الدراسات‬‫الحدٌثة‬‫بوضوح‬‫أن‬‫العالج‬
ً‫الهرمون‬‫فعال‬ً‫ف‬‫جمٌع‬‫األعمار‬‫لعالج‬‫السرطان‬ًٌ‫الثد‬‫الذي‬‫ٌحمل‬
‫مستقبالت‬‫الهرمونات‬.‫كما‬‫أنه‬‫ٌقلل‬‫من‬‫احتمالٌة‬‫اإلصابة‬‫بسرطان‬
‫الثدي‬ً‫ف‬‫السٌدات‬ً‫الالت‬‫لدٌهن‬‫قابلٌة‬‫عالٌة‬‫لإلصابة‬‫بالمرض‬.
‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
*‫المصدر‬:-sehha.com

17. •‫استهداف‬‫العالجٌة‬‫الدوائٌة‬‫المستهدفة‬‫لخالٌا‬
‫السرطانٌة‬ً‫ف‬‫الثدي‬
•‫العالجات‬‫المستهدفة‬ً‫ه‬‫أحدث‬‫العالجات‬
‫لسرطان‬‫الثدي‬.
•‫ٌعملون‬‫على‬‫بروتٌنات‬‫معٌنة‬‫داخل‬‫الخالٌا‬
،‫السرطانٌة‬‫مثل‬‫البروتٌن‬HER-2(‫الذي‬‫تم‬
‫مناقشته‬)
•‫ٌمكن‬‫أن‬‫العالجات‬‫المستهدفة‬‫وقف‬‫بروتٌن‬
HER-2‫من‬‫تحفٌز‬‫نمو‬‫الورم‬ً‫السرطان‬
•‫العالجات‬‫المستهدفة‬‫لها‬‫آثار‬‫جانبٌة‬‫أقل‬‫من‬
‫العالج‬ً‫الكٌمٌائ‬،‫التقلٌدي‬‫وغالبا‬‫ٌستخدم‬‫هذا‬
‫العالج‬‫مرافقا‬‫مع‬‫العالج‬ً‫الكٌمٌائ‬.Targeted Drug Therapies for Breast Cancer
Targeted therapies are newer treatments for breast cancer. They act upon specific
proteins within cancer cells, like the HER-2 protein discussed earlier. Targeted
therapies can stop the HER-2 protein from stimulating tumor growth in cancers that
have this protein. Targeted therapies have fewer side effects than traditional
chemotherapy and are often used in combination with chemotherapy.

18. • Life After Breast Cancer
• Cancer treatment can be both
physically and emotionally
exhausting. It can be difficult to
keep up with activities of daily life,
and you may feel isolated or
overwhelmed. Friends and family
can be invaluable sources of
support and assistance during this
time. Some people choose to join a
local or an online support group to
share their experiences.
‫الحٌاة‬‫بعد‬‫سرطان‬‫الثدي‬
‫ٌمكن‬‫أن‬‫ٌكون‬‫عالج‬‫السرطان‬
‫مرهقا‬‫جسدٌا‬‫وعاطفٌا‬‫والشعور‬
‫بالعزلة‬‫وصعوبة‬‫مواكبة‬‫الحٌاة‬
‫الٌومٌة‬‫العادٌة‬‫ومن‬‫هنا‬‫ٌكون‬
‫األهل‬‫واألصدقاء‬‫تقدٌم‬‫الدعم‬‫ال‬
‫ٌقدر‬‫بثمن‬‫من‬‫الناحٌة‬‫النفسٌة‬
‫وقد‬‫ٌختار‬‫بعض‬‫الناس‬‫االتصال‬
‫بغٌرهم‬‫عن‬‫طرٌق‬‫التواصل‬
ً‫االجتماع‬(‫اإلنترنت‬)‫لتبادل‬
‫الخبرات‬.

19. •‫نصائح‬‫لجمٌع‬‫السٌدات‬
•‫إذا‬‫كنت‬‫تشعرٌن‬‫بكتلة‬ً‫ف‬،‫الثدي‬‫ال‬،‫تتجاهلٌها‬‫حتى‬‫لو‬‫كان‬‫فحص‬
‫الماموجرام‬‫طبٌعٌا‬.
•‫إذا‬‫كانت‬‫الحلمة‬‫تتقشر‬‫أو‬‫ٌتطور‬‫علٌها‬،‫الغشاء‬‫فان‬‫ذلك‬‫عادة‬‫ما‬
‫ٌكون‬‫مؤشرا‬‫على‬‫مرض‬ً‫ف‬‫الحلمة‬‫حٌث‬‫أن‬‫األمر‬‫مرتبط‬ً‫ف‬
‫معظم‬‫الحاالت‬‫بالسرطان‬.
•‫إي‬‫نوع‬‫من‬‫اإلفراز‬‫غٌر‬ً‫الطبٌع‬‫من‬،‫الحلمة‬‫سواء‬‫كان‬‫الحلٌب‬
‫أو‬‫إفرازا‬،‫دموٌا‬‫ٌتطلب‬‫الفحص‬.
•‫باإلضافة‬‫إلى‬‫ظهور‬‫الدمامل‬‫على‬،‫الثدٌٌن‬‫وخاصة‬‫إذا‬‫كانت‬
‫باللون‬،ً‫البرتقال‬ً‫ٌنبغ‬‫أن‬‫تثٌر‬‫الشك‬.
•‫مثل‬‫هذه‬‫الدمامل‬‫ترتبط‬ً‫ف‬‫معظم‬‫الحاالت‬‫بسرطان‬‫الثدي‬‫نادر‬
‫الحدوث‬ً‫والعدوان‬‫والذي‬‫ٌتمٌز‬‫بالثدي‬‫الساخن‬‫واألحمر‬.