2. OBJECTIVES
Definition to the fluid mechanism.
Indication of use to the IVF.
Types of IVF
Nursing care during IVF administrations
Complications of IVTherapy.
3. Definition of IV Fluids
The word "intravenous" as a noun refers to an intravenous
fluid drip, a solution (usually a balanced electrolyte
solution) administered directly into the venous
circulation.
Intravenous (iv) therapy is the insertion of a
needle or catheter/cannula into a vein,
based on the physician’s written
prescription.The needle or catheter /
cannula is attached to a sterile tubing and a
fluid container to provide medication and
fluids.
4. Indications of IV Therapy
provide fluid and electrolyte maintenance, restoration,
and replacement
• Administer medication and nutritional replacement
• Administer blood and blood products
• Administer chemotherapy to cancer patients
• Administer key-controlled analgesics
• Keep a vein open for quick access
5. TYPES OF IV FLUIDS
1/ colloid:
Solutions that contain large molecules that
don’t pass the cell membranes.
When infused, they remain in the intravascular
compartment and expand the intravascular
volume and they draw fluid from
extravascular spaces via their higher oncotic
pressure.
6. TYPES OF IV FLUIDS
Volume expanders (Colloid)
–Are used to increase the blood volume
following
severe loss of blood (haemorrhage) or loss of
plasma ( severe burns).
–Expanders present in dextran, plasma, and
albumin.
7. TYPES OF IV FLUIDS
2/ Crystalloid:
Solutions that contain small molecules that flow easily
across the cell membranes, allowing for transfer
from the bloodstream into the cells and body
tissues.
This will increase fluid volume in both the interstitial
and intravascular spaces ( Extravascular ).
It is subdivided into:
•Isotonic
•Hypotonic
•hypertonic
8. TYPES OF IV FLUIDS
Electrolyte solutions (Crystalloid)
–Fluids that consist of water and dissolved
crystals, such as salts and sugar.
–Used as maintenance fluids to correct body
fluids and electrolyte deficit .
–Divided to different types.
9. Solutions Types
1/ Hypotonic - solutions
that have a lower
osmolality than body
fluids
2/ Hypertonic - solutions
that have a higher
osmolality than body
fluids
3/ Isotonic - solutions that
have the same
osmolality as body fluids
10. Nursing care during IVF
administrations
Check the IV solution for the type amount, percent of solution and rate of
flow
•Assess the health status and medical disorders
•Wash hands thoroughly and use sterile technique
• Prime the tubing to remove air from the system
• Change the IV site every 48 – 72 hrs
• Change the IV dressing every 72 hrs especially when wet and
contaminated
• Change the IV tubing every 24 to 72 hrs
• Label the tubing, dressing and solution bags indicating the date and time
when changed
• Before adding med or solutions, swab access ports with 70% alcohol
• In preparing to Administer IntravenousTherapy the nurse selects the
most appropriate insertion site and type of cannula for a particular
patient
• Documentation
11. COMPLICATIONS
Infection – redness,
swelling and
drainage at site;
chills, fever,
malaise,
headache
•Tissue damage –
skin color change,
sloughing of skin,
discomfort at site
13. COMPLICATIONS
Infiltration – Edema,
pain, and coolness at
the site
Catheter embolism –
decrease BP, pain
along vein, weak, rapid
pulse, cyanosis of
nail beds, loss of
consciousness
14. COMPLICATIONS
Circulatory overload –
increased BP,
distended jugular veins,
rapid breathing,
dyspnea, moist cough
and crackles
Electrolyte overload – signs
depend on the
specific electrolyte
imbalance
