Importance of reactive power in determining the cost of power system in future extension

1. IMPORTANCE OF REACTIVE POWER IN
DETERMINING THE COST OF POWER
SYSTEM IN FUTURE EXTENSION
NAME: SHUBHAM SACHAN
REG. NO: 11104846
ROLL NO: 02
SUBJECT: ELE 519

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 IMPORTANCE OF REACTIVE POWER
 NEED OF REACTIVE POWER
 WHAT IS REACTIVE POWER
 NECESSARY TO CONTROL OF VOLTAGE AND REACTIVE POWER
 PROBLEM BECAUSE OF REACTIVE POWER
 THE COST OF REACTIVE POWER IN POWER SYSTEM
 REACTIVE POWER LIMITATIONS
 SIMULINK DIAGRAM
 CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
 We always in practice to reduce reactive power to improve system efficiency .This
are acceptable at some level. If system is purely resistively or capacitance.
 Real power accomplishes useful work while reactive power supports the voltage
that must be controlled for system reliability.
 Reactive power (VAR) compensation is defined as the management of reactive
power to improve the performance of ac systems. There are two aspects:
a) Load Compensation
b) Voltage Support

4. IMPORTANCE OF REACTIVE POWER
 Voltage control in an electrical power system is important for proper operation.
 To prevent damage such as overheating of generators and motors, reduce
transmission losses and to maintain the ability of the system to withstand and
prevent voltage collapse.
 Decreasing reactive power causing voltage to fall while increasing it causing
voltage to rise. A voltage collapse may be occurs when the system try to serve
much more load than the voltage can support.

5. NEED OF REACTIVE POWER
 Reactive power generated by the ac power source is stored in a capacitor or a
reactor during a quarter of a cycle and in the next quarter of the cycle it is sent
back to the power source.
 The reactive power oscillates between the ac source and the capacitor or reactor
at a frequency equals, So to avoid the circulation between the load and source it
needs to be compensated.
 To regulate the power factor of the system and maintain the voltage stability we
need to compensate reactive power.

6. WHAT IS REACTIVE POWER
Power is referred as the product of voltage and current
i.e. power = V x I
The reduction in active power has to be calculated by the field limit equation
𝑃𝑡 = (│𝐸𝑡│ │𝐸𝑞│/𝑋 ) sin 𝛿
E.g.: Lays

7. NECESSARY TO CONTROL OF
VOLTAGE AND REACTIVE POWER
 There are three reasons why it is necessary to manage reactive power and control
voltage.
a).Both customer and power system equipment are designed to operate within a
range of voltages, usually within ±5% of the nominal voltage.
b).Reactive power consumes transmission and generation resources.
c).Moving reactive power on the transmission system incurs real power losses.
Both capacity and energy must be supplied to replace these losses.

8. PROBLEM BECAUSE OF REACTIVE
POWER
 Though reactive power is needed to run many electrical devices
 It can cause harmful effects on appliances and other motorized loads, as well as
electrical infrastructure.
 It makes no difference whether the energy is expended in the form of heat or
useful work.
 We can determine how much reactive power electrical devices use by measuring
their power factor, the ratio between real power and reactive power.

9. PROBLEM BECAUSE OF REACTIVE
POWER
 A power factor of 1 (i.e. 100%) ideally means that all electrical power is applied
towards real work.
 Homes typically have overall power factors in the range of 70% to 85%, depending
upon which appliances may be running.
 It is true that power factor correction assists the electric company by reducing demand
for electricity, thereby allowing them to satisfy service needs elsewhere.
 Power factor correction will not raise your electric bill or do harm to your electrical
devices.

10. THE COST OF REACTIVE POWER IN
POWER SYSTEM
 Determining reactive power pricing structures in an open-access environment.
 It is believed that reactive pricing and management under open-access will depend
upon.
 Two important developments:
1) The functional unbundling of facilities that support the reactive power and voltage
control service, and
2) Grid rules to facilitate the coordination
 Between generation and transmission system for system operation.
 In general, electric services can be classified as: a) control area services,
b) transmission services, and c) power services.

11. REACTIVE POWER LIMITATIONS
 Reactive power supplies are closely tied to the ability to deliver real or active
power.
 Usually necessary to produce it close to the location where it is needed.

12. SIMULINK DIAGRAM

13. OUTPUT

14. WITH FAULT

15. OUTPUT

16. CONCLUSION
 Voltage control is important in order to reduce transmission losses and the system's
ability to resist and avoid voltage collapse.
 Decrease in reactive power causes voltage drop while the pressure to rise increasing
thereby.
 The economic benefits for end-users reduce energy costs, lower cable, transformer
losses and improvement are the state of tension, while Extension courses system
capacity by improving the management of reactive power.
 In conclusion we can say is the reactive power important to
provide a real achievement.