Disaster management Coping with disaster, violence

1. A REPORT ON
Coping with Disaster, Violence,and
Traumatic strees
Submitted to :
Dr. Sanjay Kumar Singh
HOD – Humanities
O.P. Jindal University
PunjipathraRaigarh (C.G.)
Submitted by :
Chatrajit Singh
Roll Number- 02UG16010010
BBA – 4
th
Semester,
O.P. Jindal University,
PunjipathraRaigarh (C.G.)
SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT
O.P. JINDAL UNIVERSITY, RAIGARH

2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This project file is prepared by Chatrajit Singh of BBA. It gives me an immense pleasure to express my
deepest sense of gratitude and sincere thanks to my highly respected and esteemed guide Dr. Sanjay Kumar
Singh HOD- Humanities, O.P. Jindal University, Raigarh. We are in depth to our sir who has provided his
valuable guidance and support to us in the successful completion of the project. Their useful suggestions for
this whole work and co- operative behaviour are sincerely acknowledge.
I want to thank O.P. Jindal University to give us the opportunity to prepare this project which enhanced our
skill in Fundamentals of Information Technology.
At the end I also want to thank our dearest friends and family who have supported and motivated us to make
this project a successful one and helped me indirectly or directly during this project work. I welcome you all
to use this project in the best possible manner and kindly provide us with your feedback. I would like to
apologize if your expectations are not satisfied.
I hope this project is liked and appreciated by all.....!

3. OP JINDAL UNIVERSITY
OP Jindal Knowledge Park
Punjipathra, Raigarh [C.G.]
www.opju.ac.in
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the report entitle – “Coping with Disaster, violence , and traumatic strees ” is a piece of
project done by Chatrajit Singh, BBA-4th Semester , under my guidance and supervision for the degree of
Master of Business Management, O.P. Jindal University, Raigarh.
To the best of my knowledge and belief the report;
 Embodies the work candidate himself;
 Has duty been completed;
 Is up to the standard in the respect of both contents and languages.
Place : Punjpathra
Date :
Dr. Sanjay Kumar Singh
HOD – Humanities
O.P. Jindal University, Raigarh (C.G.)

4. PREFACE
As a part of the BBA curriculum and in order to gain practical knowledge in the field
of management, we are required to make a project report on “disaster preparation and
recovery”. The basic objective behind doing this project is to get beforehand knowledge
as to how a disaster can be prevented and recovered.
In this project report i have included why disaster prevention and recovery is required,
committees responsible for disaster prevention and recovery and a case study.
This project report attempts to bring under one cover the entire hard work and
dedication put in by me in the completion of the project work on disaster prevention
and recovery.
I hope who goes through it will find it interesting and worth reading. All constructive
feedback is cordially invited

5. CONTENT
1. Executive summary.
2. Chapter 1-introduction.
 Coping With Disaster
3. Chapter 2- Coping With Violence
4. Chapter 3- Coping with Traumatic Events
5. Chapter 4- Trauma-Informed Approach and Trauma-Specific Interventions
6. Conclusion.
7. Bibliography.

6. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Despite the frequency and expenses of natural disasters, there exists no system in either the
public or private sector for consistently compiling information about their economic impacts.
The committee was asked to provide advice regarding which data should be consistently
used in compiling estimates of the losses of natural disasters.
The committee recommends that any data collection effort focus on the losses as a result of
natural disasters, or negative economic impacts. The loss from a disaster is a broader concept
than its cost, a term that conventionally refers only to the losses that are reimbursed by
insurance companies and governments.
In the past three decades, family violence—which includes child maltreatment, domestic
violence, and elder abuse—has emerged as a major social, health, and law enforcement
issue. In addition to child and adult homicides, family violence contributes to a broad array
of fatal and nonfatal injuries and medical and psychiatric disorders each year. In addition,
family violence has been associated with numerous social problems, including teenage
pregnancy, runaway and homeless youth, alcoholism and substance abuse, and crime and
delinquency. The association of family violence victimization with such an extensive range
of health, mental health, and behavioral dysfunctions suggests that interventions that can lead
to the reduction or prevention of family violence would contribute to the resolution of these
other problems as well.
Children who live far away in areas of war and conflict have been murdered, raped, starved,
exposed to violence and brutality, abandoned or neglected and subject to utter lack of control
and chaos .However, children abused at the hands of their parents or loved ones, right here at
home in Canada, face the same atrocities. Both unleash a cascade of devastating
developmental fallout triggered by the same cause namely, trauma. This policy paper
advocates that the arts be adopted as a policy strategy to address the deleterious effects of
interpersonal childhood trauma -more specifically, on two types: one that is so rampant that
all we need to do to see it is to turn to any news outlet –war. The other one is so
commonplace it is hardly ‘news’ at all: child abuse. Social problems of such epic proportions
require creative, innovative and ambitious solution focused approaches that promote the
most effective and culturally appropriate policies, but such solutions must also be based in
evidence.
Pioneering social policies that adopt art as their strategy, when rooted in science,
simultaneously heal the personal and social ills of trauma as well as promoting individual
and community resilience in the face of it

7. CHAPTER-1
Introduction
Coping With Disaster
Disasters are upsetting experiences for everyone involved. The emotional toll that disaster brings
can sometimes be even more devastating than the financial strains of damage and loss of home,
business or personal property.
Children, senior citizens, people with access or functional needs, and people for whom English is
not their first language are especially at risk. Children may become afraid and some elderly people
may seem disoriented at first. People with access or functional needs may require additional
assistance Seek crisis counseling if you or someone in your family is experiencing issues with
disaster-related stress.
Understand Disaster Events
Understand the individual effects of a disaster.
 Everyone who sees or experiences a disaster is affected by it in some way.
 It is normal to feel anxious about your own safety and that of your family and close friends.
 Profound sadness, grief and anger are normal reactions to an abnormal event.
 Acknowledging your feelings helps you recover.
 Focusing on your strengths and abilities helps you heal.
 Accepting help from community programs and resources is healthy.
 Everyone has different needs and different ways of coping.
Recognize Signs of Disaster-Related Stress
When adults have the following signs, they might need crisis counseling or stress management
assistance:
 Difficulty communicating thoughts.
 Difficulty sleeping.
 Difficulty maintaining balance in their lives.
 Low threshold of frustration.
 Increased use of drugs/alcohol.
 Limited attention span.
 Poor work performance.
 Headaches/stomach problems.
 Tunnel vision/muffled hearing.
 Colds or flu-like symptoms.
 Disorientation or confusion.
 Difficulty concentrating.
 Reluctance to leave home.
 Depression, sadness.
 Feelings of hopelessness.
 Mood-swings and easy bouts of crying.
 Overwhelming guilt and self-doubt.

8. Easing Stress
The following are ways to ease disaster-related stress:
 Talk with someone about your feelings - anger, sorrow and other emotions - even though it
may be difficult.
 Seek help from professional counselors who deal with post-disaster stress.
 Do not hold yourself responsible for the disastrous event or be frustrated because you feel
you cannot help directly in the rescue work.
 Take steps to promote your own physical and emotional healing by healthy eating, rest,
exercise, relaxation and meditation.
 Maintain a normal family and daily routine, limiting demanding responsibilities on yourself
and your family.
 Spend time with family and friends.
 Participate in memorials.
 Use existing support groups of family, friends and religious institutions.
Helping Kids Cope with Disaster
Disasters can leave children feeling frightened, confused, and insecure. Whether a child has
personally experienced trauma, has merely seen the event on television or has heard it discussed by
adults, it is important for parents and teachers to be informed and ready to help if reactions to stress
begin to occur.
Children may respond to disaster by demonstrating fears, sadness or behavioral problems. Younger
children may return to earlier behavior patterns, such as bedwetting, sleep problems and separation
anxiety. Older children may also display anger, aggression, school problems or withdrawal. Some
children who have only indirect contact with the disaster but witness it on television may develop
distress.

9. CHAPTER-2
Coping With Violence
Our hearts go out to all who have been affected by violence across the globe. We’ve compiled these
online resources for parents, teachers, and others working with young children about coping with
violence and talking to young children about tragedies they learn about in the media.
Fred Rogers: "Tragic Events"
Read timeless wisdom on what to keep in mind when talking to young children about a tragedy
from Fred Rogers for parents, teachers, and caregivers
American Psychological Association
As a parent, you may be struggling with how to talk with your children about a shooting rampage. It
is important to remember that children look to their parents to make them feel safe.
The National Education Association - School crisis guide
The National Education Association (NEA) and the National Education Association Health
Information Network (NEA HIN) developed this easy-to-use crisis guide with essential, to-the-point
advice for schools and districts.
American Psychological Association - Helping children manage distress
As a parent, you may be struggling with how to talk with your children about a shooting rampage. It
is important to remember that children look to their parents to make them feel safe.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration –
This web page includes information about the Disaster Distress Hotline, the nation's first hotline
dedicated to providing disaster crisis counseling. It also includes articles for students, parents,
teachers, and other caregivers, and for responders and health professionals.
Helping Children Cope with Tragedy-related Anxiety
Mental Health America offers tips for parents in helping preschool-age children, as well as grade
school-age children and adolescents, with tragedy-related anxiety.
Coping with Reactions to Violence
Whether you are a victim of a violence act, or frightened by the threat of violence (e.g., highly
publicized sniper attacks, school vio-lence, etc.) you may experience a variety of emotions
including anxiety, stress, helpless-ness, fear, irritability and anger. You may also suffer from
inability to concentrate, loss of ppetite and nightmares. All of these reactions are normal but if you
do not address them, you can jeopardize your health. If you or a family member are having
difficulty coping, do not hesitate to get help. In addition, the following tips may help:
• Reach out to supportive friends and family for comfort and guidance.
• Be patient with yourself.
• Try to maintain a nutritious diet and exercise regularly (with permission of your doctor) to relieve
stress and keep your energy up.
• Focus on your breathing—deep, slow breaths will help calm you.
• Talk to a crisis counselor. There are hotlines staffed by crisis counselors to help people cope with
violence. In addition, the “Helpful Resources” section at the end of this guide provides information
on organizations that may provide support.

10. Talking to Your Child About Violence
Regardless of how your child responds, if your child is aware of a potentially dangerous situation or
an act of violence, he or she will be looking to you for answers, guidance and support. Speak to
your child openly and honestly, adapting your conversations to the age of your child. Children
deserve honest answers, regardless of their age. You do not have to provide every detail, but don’t
hold back too much information either; instill trust in your child while helping him or her
understand what happened, the following tips may help:
• Encourage your child to express his or her feelings. Children usually feel better when they can talk
about their feelings. To help your child sort out his or her feelings, ask specific questions such as,
“How do you feel? Does it make you feel scared? What worries you the most?” Encourage your
child to be honest and open, and listen carefully for clues about hidden feelings or worries.
• Reassure your child. Respond to your child’s feelings; acknowledge his or her fears; and
continually reassure your child hat he or she is safe. Stress that violent incidents are rare, but avoid
making false promises such as, “Nothing bad will ever happen to you.” Instead, offer your love,
support and guidance and say things such as, “I am here to protect you and to help keep you safe.”
In addition, remind your child that the police are also looking out for his or her safety.
• Monitor the media. Monitor and limit the amount of television your child watches. If your child
sees disturbing footage of violence, his or her fears and anxieties may escalate.
• Speak to your child’s teachers and school administrators. Ask your child’s teachers and/or school
principal how they have addressed violence. Many schools speak to students about safety issues,
and reassure them that they are doing everything possible to keep the children safe.

11. CHAPTER-3
Coping with Traumatic Events
Strong Feelings are Expected
After a traumatic event emotional and physical reactions are different for each person. While
it is typical to react to a stressful event with increased anxiety, worry and anger, most people
bounce back. In fact, Americans consistently demonstrate remarkable resilience in the
aftermath of disasters and other traumatic events.
Connect with Friends and Family
Check in with family members and friends to find out how they are coping. Feeling stressed,
sad, upset are common reactions to life changing events. Recognize and pay attention to
early warning signs of more serious distress. Your children, like you, will have reactions to
this difficult situation; they too may feel fearful, angry, sad, worried, and confused. Children
will benefit from your talking with them on their level about what is happening, to get your
reassurance, and to let them know that you and they will be OK and that you will all get
through this together.
Take Care of Yourself and Each Other
Getting support from others, taking care of yourself by eating right, getting enough sleep,
avoiding alcohol and drugs and getting some exercise can help to manage and alleviate
stress.
Know When to Seek Help
Depending on the situation, some people may develop depression, experience grief and
anger, turn to alcohol or drugs and even think about hurting themselves or others. The signs
of serious problems include:
 excessive worry
 crying frequently
 an increase in irritability, anger, and frequent arguing
 wanting to be alone most of the time
 feeling anxious or fearful, overwhelmed by sadness, confused
 having trouble thinking clearly and concentrating, and difficulty making decisions
 increased alcohol and/or substance use
 increased physical (aches, pains) complaints such as headaches
 trouble with your "nerves"
Know How to Find Help
If you or someone you care about needs help, you should contact your health care provider to
get connected with trained and caring professionals. Anyone in crisis or thinking about
suicide should call SAMHSA's Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-TALK (8255). It is

12. important to seek professional help if you need it. The Missouri Department of Mental
Health has set up a Mental Health Crisis Hotline at 1-800-494-7355.
Resources to Help Cope with a Traumatic Event
For Emergency Responders:
 SAMHSA Disaster Kit
Arms disaster recovery workers with a toolkit on mental health awareness. Includes materials
for responding effectively to the general public during and after a disaster and in dealing with
workplace stress.
 Psychological First Aid for First Responders
Gives tips to emergency response workers and disaster response workers to help disaster
survivors cope with the psychological aspects of a traumatic event. Offers strategies for
managing intense emotions and promoting a safe, calm environment. Guide for Emergency
Response and Public Safety Workers: Tips for Managing and Preventing Stress
Gives organizational and individual tips for stress prevention and management for
emergency response workers and public safety workers. Describes normal reactions to a
disaster, signs of the need for stress management, and ways to handle stress.
 Tips for Emergency and Disaster Response Workers:
Possible Alcohol and Substance Abuse Indicators Information on the indicators or warning
signs associated with alcohol and drug addiction, and other physical and mental disorders.

13. CHAPTER-4
Trauma-Informed Approach and Trauma-Specific Interventions
Trauma-Informed Approach
According to SAMHSA’s concept of a trauma-informed approach, “A program, organization, or
system that is trauma-informed:
1. Realizes the widespread impact of trauma and understands potential paths for recovery;
2. Recognizes the signs and symptoms of trauma in clients, families, staff, and others involved
with the system;
3. Responds by fully integrating knowledge about trauma into policies, procedures, and
practices; and
4. Seeks to actively resist re-traumatization."
Six Key Principles of a Trauma-Informed Approach
A trauma-informed approach reflects adherence to six key principles rather than a prescribed set of
practices or procedures. These principles may be generalizable across multiple types of settings,
although terminology and application may be setting- or sector-specific:
1. Safety
2. Trustworthiness and Transparency
3. Peer support
4. Collaboration and mutuality
5. Empowerment, voice and choice
6. Cultural, Historical, and Gender Issues
From SAMHSA’s perspective, it is critical to promote the linkage to recovery and resilience for
those individuals and families impacted by trauma. Consistent with SAMHSA’s definition of
recovery, services and supports that are trauma-informed build on the best evidence available and
consumer and family engagement, empowerment, and collaboration.
Trauma-Specific Interventions
 Trauma-specific intervention programs generally recognize the following:
 The survivor's need to be respected, informed, connected, and hopeful regarding their own
recovery
 The interrelation between trauma and symptoms of trauma such as substance abuse, eating
disorders, depression, and anxiety
 The need to work in a collaborative way with survivors, family and friends of the survivor,
and other human services agencies in a manner that will empower survivors and consumers
Known Trauma-Specific Interventions
Following are some well-known trauma-specific interventions based on psychosocial educational
empowerment principles that have been used extensively in public system settings.

14.  Addiction and Trauma Recovery Integration Model (ATRIUM)
ATRIUM is a 12-session recovery model designed for groups as well as for individuals and their
therapists and counselors. The acronym, ATRIUM, is meant to suggest that the recovery groups are
a starting point for healing and recovery. This model has been used in local prisons, jail diversion
projects, AIDS programs, and drop-in centers for survivors. ATRIUM is a model intended to bring
together peer support, psychosocial education, interpersonal skills training, meditation, creative
expression, spirituality, and community action to support survivors in addressing and healing from
trauma.
 Essence of Being Real
The Essence of Being Real model is a peer-to-peer approach intended to address the effects of
trauma. The developer feels that this model is particularly helpful for survivor groups (including
abuse, disaster, crime, shelter populations, and others), first responders, and frontline service
providers and agency staff.
 Risking Connection®
Risking Connection is intended to be a trauma-informed model aimed at mental health, public
health, and substance abuse staff at various levels of education and training. There are several
audience-specific adaptations of the model, including clergy, domestic violence advocates, and
agencies serving children.
 Sanctuary Model®
The goal of the Sanctuary Model is to help children who have experienced the damaging effects of
interpersonal violence, abuse, and trauma. The model is intended for use by residential treatment
settings for children, public schools, domestic violence shelters, homeless shelters, group homes,
outpatient and community-based settings, juvenile justice programs, substance abuse programs,
parenting support programs, acute care settings, and other programs aimed at assisting children.
 Seeking Safety
Seeking Safety is designed to be a therapy for trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and
substance abuse. The developer feels that this model works for individuals or with groups, with
men, women or with mixed-gender groups, and can be used in a variety of settings, such as
outpatient, inpatient, and residential.
 Trauma Affect Regulation: Guide for Education and Therapy (TARGET)
TARGET is a model designed for use by organizations and professionals with a broad range of
experience with and understanding of trauma. The developer feels that TARGET works with all
disciplines and can be used in all levels of care for adults and children.
 Trauma Recovery and Empowerment Model (TREM and M-TREM)
The Trauma Recovery and Empowerment Model is intended for trauma survivors, particularly those with
exposure to physical or sexual violence. This model is gender-specific: TREM for women and M-TREM for
men. This model has been implemented in mental health, substance abuse, co-occurring disorders, and
criminal justice settings. The developer feels this model is appropriate for a full range of disciplines.

15. CONCLUSION
Natural disasters are very much part of the natural cycles. But accelerated changes in
demographic and economic trends disturb the balance between the ecosystem and leading to
increased frequency and the negative impact of disaster. As the 21st century approaches, we
face a challenging mix of demographic, ecological and technological condition which make
population more vulnerable to the impact of natural calamities. However, the number of
natural disasters are not more than they were in the past, but what has increased is the
magnitude of the effect of each disaster. The important and related factor is the population-
ressure in almost all the countries, for people to live on and use marginal land which by its
very nature may put inhabitants and property at great risk.
The problems of child maltreatment, domestic violence, and elder abuse have generated
hundreds of separate interventions in social service, health, and law enforcement settings.
This array of interventions has been driven by the urgency of the different types of family
violence, client needs, and the responses of service providers, advocates, and communities.
The interventions now constitute a broad range of institutional services that focus on the
identification, treatment, prevention, and deterrence of family violence.
There are there any things you are doing that are getting in the way of your healing, such as
alcohol or drug abuse, being in abusive or unsupportive relationships, self-destructive
behaviors such as blaming and shaming yourself, and not taking good care of yourself?
Think about the possible negative consequences of these behaviors. For instance, if you get
drunk, you might lose control of yourself and the situation and be taken advantage of. If you
overeat, the negative consequences might be weight gain, poor body image, and poor health.
You may want to work on changing these behaviors by using self-help books, working with
a counselor.

16. Bibliography
1. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/news/events/coping-with-trauma-index.shtml
2. https://www.mcgill.ca/isid/files/isid/pb_2012_05_coleman.pdf
3. https://disaster.nlm.nih.gov/dimrc/coping.html#a6