JC HE

1. Designing a
Home
© PDST Home Economics

2. Definitions
Shelter means anything that protects or
shields
Shelter is a basic physical need which varies
with climate and other conditions
A house becomes a home when it is occupied
by people and their possessions

3. A Home
A home is much more than just shelter it
provides for all our needs.
Physical Needs: Food, warmth, shelter and
clothes.
Emotional Needs: Love, security, protection and
privacy.
Social Needs: where we learn to interact with
others, communicate, share and co-operate.

4. Types of Housing
Choice of housing will be restricted by budget and needs.
Choice of housing is influenced by cost, size, location,
style
Houses: single storey (bungalow), dormer bungalow, storey
and a half, two storey, detached, semi-detached, terraced.
Apartment/Flat: vary in size and design usually self
contained.
Bedsit: one room divided into living and sleeping areas,
single person.
Mobile Home/Caravan: may be permanent or temporary.
Sheltered Housing Schemes: purpose built housing for
disabled or elderly with caretaker in charge.

6. Design
A Design is a plan or
sketch for the making
of something, e.g. a
house, a garment.
Characteristics of good
design are:
Functional
Safe
Durable
Attractive

7. Features of Design
Colour
Shape
Texture
Pattern
Line

8. Colour
Colour can effect emotions of people in a
room and the atmosphere in a room.
Classes of colour:
Primary: red, yellow, blue.
Secondary: mixing 2 primary colours, green,
purple, orange.
Tertiary: mixing a primary and a secondary
colour, e.g. blue + green = turqoise.

9. Colour Wheel

10. Colour
A tint is a colour lightened by adding white
A shade is a colour darkened by adding black
Warm colours: create warm atmosphere, use in
small amounts, red, orange, pink.
Neutral colours: often used as background for
other colours, black, white and shades of these,
shades of cream and beige are also used as
neutrals.
Pastel colours: these are pale soft shades of
blue, green, yellow, pink, used in bedrooms and
nurseries.

11. Effect of colours

12. Texture
Texture refers to how an object feels to the
touch, rough, smooth, hard, soft, cold warm.
Smooth textures are hygienic, cold, reflect
light and noise.
Rough textures are warmer, softer, cosy,
harder to clean, absorb light and sound.

13. Texture

14. Texture

15. Line
Line is used to create optical illusions by
appearing to change the shape of something.
Diagonal lines suggest movement and are
dramatic.
Horizontal lines make objects look wider.
Vertical lines make objects look thinner and
taller.
Curved lines gentle and relaxing

16. Line

17. Shape
Shape means the
outline of an
object
Basic shapes are
square, circular,
rectangular,
triangular.

18. Shape

19. Pattern
Adds variety
Needs to be
used carefully
Over use can
make room fussy
and crowded, a
room without
pattern can be
boring.

20. Pattern

21. Pattern

22. Principles of Design
Balance
Proportion
Emphasis
Rhythm

23. Balance Balance means that all features of
the design work well together,
colour, pattern and texture.

24. Balance

25. Emphasis
Emphasis means
drawing
attention o a
particular
feature in a
room.
Can be done
using lighting,
colour, pattern,
shape.
Adds interest to
a room.

26. Proportion
When
furniture and
features in a
room relate to
each in size
and relate to
the size of the
room. http://www.flickr.
com/photos/how
nowdesign/

28. Rhythm
Rhythm means
the repeated
use of a colour
pattern and
texture in a
room.
 It gives
harmony and
unity to the
room

29. Considerations when Room Planning
1. Size and shape of the room, make full use of
space.
2.Functions and amount of use.
3.Position of fixtures, windows, furniture,
fireplace, radiators.
4.Aspect (direction window faces) effects amount
of natural light and warmth.
5.Enough storage & furniture for functions of room
without being cluttered.
6.Traffic flow, movement of people around the
room.

30. A well planned room is
Functional
Safe
Comfortable
Attractive
Well lit
Well heated
Well ventilated
Easy to keep clean

31. Floor plan
A)Sketch of a room drawn to scale on graph
paper.
A)Shows position of fixtures, windows, doors,
fireplace, radiators.
A)Furniture drawn to scale can be cut out and
moved around on the sketch to find best
location.

33. Decorating a Room
1. Order of work.
2.Decide on colour scheme.
3.Choose floor covering.
4.Remove all furniture and fittings.
5.Carry out necessary repairs.
6.Sand and wash all surfaces allow to dry well.
7.Cover any surfaces that need protection.
8.Decorate in order of ceiling, woodwork, walls.
9.When décor is dry put down floor covering
and arrange furniture.

34. Bedrooms
Area Option
Floor Wooden sanded sealed, vinyl (children), carpet.
Walls Paint, wall paper
Furniture Bed, locker, bookcase, desk, chair storage unit or
wardrobe, dressing table, chest of drawers.
Soft furniture Curtains, blinds, duvet covers, rugs, lampshades,
Lighting Window, central fitting, bedside, desk, mirror.
Ventilation Window
Heating Radiator or portable electric heater

35. Planning Kitchens
Consider
Size and shape of room.
Layout taking into account work
sequence and work triangle.
Hygiene and safety.
Ventilation, heating, lighting.
Enough storage and work surfaces.

36. The work sequence
The main work in the kitchen is food preparation.
Food preparation follows a logical sequence.
1 Food storage
2 Food preparation.
3 Cooking food
4 Serving food
Kitchen units and equipment should be laid out
with this sequence in mind.

37. Kitchen – work sequence

38. The work triangle
 The work triangle
involves placing the
fridge, sink and
cooker at the 3
points of an
imaginary triangle.
 This arrangement
reduces the amounts
of walking involved in
preparing food and
therefore saves time
and energy.