SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  23
Télécharger pour lire hors ligne
Chapter 2(A) – Distributed System
Architectures
• The content of this chapter is structured as follows:
 Software architectural
 Layered architectures
 Object-based architectures
 Data-centered architectures
 Event-based architectures
 System architectures
 Client-server architecture
 Peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture
Introduction
20.11.2022 2
2.1. Why we need Architectures
 For hardware and software arrangement
 This arrangement is generally known as a topology
 The ways on how to view the organization of software
components and how they should interact
 Distributed system architectures are bundled up with components and
connectors.
– Component: A modular unit with well-defined interfaces; replaceable;
reusable
– Connector: A communication link between modules
• e.g., facilities for RPC, message/file passing, or streaming data
20.11.2022 3
2.2. Architectural Styles
 There are various architectural styles
A) Layered architectures
B) Object-based architectures
C) Data-centered architectures
E) Event-based architectures
20.11.2022 4
2.2. Architectural Styles
A) Layered architectures:
 Components are organized in a layered fashion where a
 The layers on the bottom provide a service to the layers on the top.
• Which means request flows from top to bottom,
• The response is sent from bottom to top.
 A well known example for this is the OSI model that
incorporates a layered architecture
the layered architectural style
20.11.2022 5
2.2. Architectural Styles……
A) Layered architectures…..
20.11.2022 6
B) Object-based architectures:
 Each object corresponds to a component and
 The components are connected through a remote procedure
call mechanism (client-server paradigm)
 No specific architecture like layers
 No sequential step like layers
the object-based architectural style
2.2. Architectural Styles……
20.11.2022 7
2.2. Architectural Styles……
B) Object-based architectures……
 Communication between object happen as method
invocations.
These are generally called Remote Procedure Calls
(RPC).
 Some popular examples are
 Java RMI,
 Web Services and
 REST API Calls.
 This has the following properties.
 This architecture style is less structured.
 Component object
 Connector RPC or RMI
20.11.2022 8
2.2. Architectural Styles……
C) Data-centered architectures
 All components communicate through a common repository;
e.g., a shared distributed file system
 It contains all the required data in one place
 It follows publish/subscribe type of communication.
 Distributed file systems, and
 Web based data services
20.11.2022 9
2.2. Architectural Styles……
D ) Event-based architectures:
 Components communicate through the propagation of
events.
 It uses Publish/subscribe systems
 How It works?
 Step-1: An event is generated.
 Step-2: It will be sent to the bus system.
 Step-3: With this, everyone else will be notified telling
that such an event has occurred.
 So, if anyone is interested, that node can pull the
event from the bus and use it.
 Sometimes these events could be data, or event
URLs to resources.
20.11.2022 10
2.2. Architectural Styles……
D ) Event-based architectures…..
 Easy to add, remove and modify components in the
system. S
 Some examples are, publisher - subscriber system, and
Enterprise Services Bus (ESB).
the event-based architectural style
20.11.2022 11
2.2 System Architectures
Two major system-level architectures:
A. Centralized Architectures
e.g., client-server architectures
B. Decentralized Architectures
e.g., p2p
. .
20.11.2022 12
20.11.2022 13
2.2 System Architectures
A) Centralized Architecture: e.g., Client-server architecture
 It consists of a client and a server.
 The client can then request from the server, and the server
will respond accordingly.
More on Client-server architecture
general interaction between a client and a server
20.11.2022 14
 Client-server architecture has been subjected to many database-
based applications.
 Client-server applications usually have three different layers
 The user-interface level: implemented by clients and contains all that
is required by a client; usually through GUIs, but not necessarily
 The processing level: contains the applications
 The data level: contains the programs that maintain the actual data
• e.g., the general organization of an Internet search engine into three
different layers
 There is a question in Client-Server Architectures
 Questions: how to physically distribute a client-server application
across several machines
 Solution: Multi-tiered Architectures, e.g., Two-tiered architecture
Multi-tiered Architectures
(a) put only terminal-dependent part of the user interface on the client machine and let
the applications remotely control the presentation
(b) put the entire user-interface software on the client side
(c) move part of the application to the client, e.g. checking correctness in filling forms
(d) and (e) are for powerful client machines (more popular)
20.11.2022 16
Two-tiered architecture: alternative client-server organizations
Multi-tiered Architectures
 an example is the organization of Web sites
20.11.2022 17
three-tiered architecture: an example of a server acting as a client
More on Client-server architecture…..
• Advantages:
– Easier to Build and Maintain
– Better Security
– Stable
• Disadvantages:
– Single point of failure
– Less scalable
20.11.2022 18
2.2 System Architectures…..
B) Decentralized Architectures: e.g., Peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture
– P2P is a good example for decentralized
architectures
 Removes distinction between a client and a server
 Works on the concept of no central control in a distributed system
 A node can either act as a client or server at any given time once it
joins the network.
 A node that requests something is called a client
 A node that provides response is called a server
20.11.2022 19
Decentralized Architectures….
 Two major decentralized forms of architectures
 Vertical distribution:
 Place logically different components on different
machines
 Horizontal distribution:
 Physically split up the client or the server into logically
equivalent parts
 an example is a peer-to-peer system where processes are
equal and hence each process acts as a client and a
server at the same time
 read about the different approaches of peer-to-peer
architecture - pages 44 - 51 and about Architectures versus
Middleware - pages 54 - 66
20.11.2022 20
 another example is the horizontal distribution of a Web
service
20.11.2022 21
2.3 Client-Server Vs. Peer-to-Peer Architectures
20.11.2022 22
The end
20.11.2022 23

Contenu connexe

Similaire à Chapter 2A-Architectures.ppt

Lecture-12-Architecture Design.pptx
Lecture-12-Architecture Design.pptxLecture-12-Architecture Design.pptx
Lecture-12-Architecture Design.pptxYaseenNazir3
 
module1st-cloudcomputing-180131063409 - Copy.pdf
module1st-cloudcomputing-180131063409 - Copy.pdfmodule1st-cloudcomputing-180131063409 - Copy.pdf
module1st-cloudcomputing-180131063409 - Copy.pdfBenakappaSM
 
Over view of software artitecture
Over view of software artitectureOver view of software artitecture
Over view of software artitectureABDEL RAHMAN KARIM
 
Clearing The Air On Cloud
Clearing The Air On CloudClearing The Air On Cloud
Clearing The Air On CloudChris Yeo
 
Oopsla 2007 - The Web: Distributed Objects Realized!
Oopsla 2007 - The Web: Distributed Objects Realized!Oopsla 2007 - The Web: Distributed Objects Realized!
Oopsla 2007 - The Web: Distributed Objects Realized!Stuart Charlton
 
Topic1 Understanding Distributed Information Systems
Topic1 Understanding Distributed Information SystemsTopic1 Understanding Distributed Information Systems
Topic1 Understanding Distributed Information Systemssanjoysanyal
 
SE2023 0207 Software Architectural Design.pptx
SE2023 0207 Software Architectural Design.pptxSE2023 0207 Software Architectural Design.pptx
SE2023 0207 Software Architectural Design.pptxBharat Chawda
 
Cascon Decentralized IoT update - Blockchain and Smart Contracts
Cascon Decentralized IoT update - Blockchain and Smart ContractsCascon Decentralized IoT update - Blockchain and Smart Contracts
Cascon Decentralized IoT update - Blockchain and Smart ContractsMehdi Shajari
 
Introduction to SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE
Introduction to SOFTWARE ARCHITECTUREIntroduction to SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE
Introduction to SOFTWARE ARCHITECTUREIvano Malavolta
 
Client server architecture
Client server architectureClient server architecture
Client server architectureBhargav Amin
 

Similaire à Chapter 2A-Architectures.ppt (20)

Distributed architecture (SAD)
Distributed architecture (SAD)Distributed architecture (SAD)
Distributed architecture (SAD)
 
Ch12
Ch12Ch12
Ch12
 
04 Client Server Computing
04 Client Server Computing04 Client Server Computing
04 Client Server Computing
 
Physical Architecture Layer Design
Physical Architecture Layer DesignPhysical Architecture Layer Design
Physical Architecture Layer Design
 
SOFTWARE COMPUTING
SOFTWARE COMPUTINGSOFTWARE COMPUTING
SOFTWARE COMPUTING
 
Lecture-12-Architecture Design.pptx
Lecture-12-Architecture Design.pptxLecture-12-Architecture Design.pptx
Lecture-12-Architecture Design.pptx
 
ds2p1.pptx
ds2p1.pptxds2p1.pptx
ds2p1.pptx
 
module1st-cloudcomputing-180131063409 - Copy.pdf
module1st-cloudcomputing-180131063409 - Copy.pdfmodule1st-cloudcomputing-180131063409 - Copy.pdf
module1st-cloudcomputing-180131063409 - Copy.pdf
 
Moving to Design
Moving to DesignMoving to Design
Moving to Design
 
Over view of software artitecture
Over view of software artitectureOver view of software artitecture
Over view of software artitecture
 
architectural.ppt
architectural.pptarchitectural.ppt
architectural.ppt
 
lec-01-WP.pdf
lec-01-WP.pdflec-01-WP.pdf
lec-01-WP.pdf
 
Clearing The Air On Cloud
Clearing The Air On CloudClearing The Air On Cloud
Clearing The Air On Cloud
 
Oopsla 2007 - The Web: Distributed Objects Realized!
Oopsla 2007 - The Web: Distributed Objects Realized!Oopsla 2007 - The Web: Distributed Objects Realized!
Oopsla 2007 - The Web: Distributed Objects Realized!
 
Future prediction-ds
Future prediction-dsFuture prediction-ds
Future prediction-ds
 
Topic1 Understanding Distributed Information Systems
Topic1 Understanding Distributed Information SystemsTopic1 Understanding Distributed Information Systems
Topic1 Understanding Distributed Information Systems
 
SE2023 0207 Software Architectural Design.pptx
SE2023 0207 Software Architectural Design.pptxSE2023 0207 Software Architectural Design.pptx
SE2023 0207 Software Architectural Design.pptx
 
Cascon Decentralized IoT update - Blockchain and Smart Contracts
Cascon Decentralized IoT update - Blockchain and Smart ContractsCascon Decentralized IoT update - Blockchain and Smart Contracts
Cascon Decentralized IoT update - Blockchain and Smart Contracts
 
Introduction to SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE
Introduction to SOFTWARE ARCHITECTUREIntroduction to SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE
Introduction to SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE
 
Client server architecture
Client server architectureClient server architecture
Client server architecture
 

Plus de sirajmohammed35

Wireless Local area networking power point
Wireless Local area networking  power pointWireless Local area networking  power point
Wireless Local area networking power pointsirajmohammed35
 
CSCI 5235_Present WiMax_[Zhen-Yu Fang].ppt
CSCI 5235_Present WiMax_[Zhen-Yu Fang].pptCSCI 5235_Present WiMax_[Zhen-Yu Fang].ppt
CSCI 5235_Present WiMax_[Zhen-Yu Fang].pptsirajmohammed35
 
ITN_instructorPPT_Chapter1.pptx
ITN_instructorPPT_Chapter1.pptxITN_instructorPPT_Chapter1.pptx
ITN_instructorPPT_Chapter1.pptxsirajmohammed35
 
Chapter 5-Synchronozation.ppt
Chapter 5-Synchronozation.pptChapter 5-Synchronozation.ppt
Chapter 5-Synchronozation.pptsirajmohammed35
 
Chapter 6-Consistency and Replication.ppt
Chapter 6-Consistency and Replication.pptChapter 6-Consistency and Replication.ppt
Chapter 6-Consistency and Replication.pptsirajmohammed35
 
Chapter 2B-Communication.ppt
Chapter 2B-Communication.pptChapter 2B-Communication.ppt
Chapter 2B-Communication.pptsirajmohammed35
 
Chapter 1-Introduction.ppt
Chapter 1-Introduction.pptChapter 1-Introduction.ppt
Chapter 1-Introduction.pptsirajmohammed35
 

Plus de sirajmohammed35 (9)

Wireless Local area networking power point
Wireless Local area networking  power pointWireless Local area networking  power point
Wireless Local area networking power point
 
CSCI 5235_Present WiMax_[Zhen-Yu Fang].ppt
CSCI 5235_Present WiMax_[Zhen-Yu Fang].pptCSCI 5235_Present WiMax_[Zhen-Yu Fang].ppt
CSCI 5235_Present WiMax_[Zhen-Yu Fang].ppt
 
ITN_instructorPPT_Chapter1.pptx
ITN_instructorPPT_Chapter1.pptxITN_instructorPPT_Chapter1.pptx
ITN_instructorPPT_Chapter1.pptx
 
Chapter 5-Synchronozation.ppt
Chapter 5-Synchronozation.pptChapter 5-Synchronozation.ppt
Chapter 5-Synchronozation.ppt
 
Chapter 6-Consistency and Replication.ppt
Chapter 6-Consistency and Replication.pptChapter 6-Consistency and Replication.ppt
Chapter 6-Consistency and Replication.ppt
 
Chapter 4-Naming.ppt
Chapter 4-Naming.pptChapter 4-Naming.ppt
Chapter 4-Naming.ppt
 
Chapter 3-Processes.ppt
Chapter 3-Processes.pptChapter 3-Processes.ppt
Chapter 3-Processes.ppt
 
Chapter 2B-Communication.ppt
Chapter 2B-Communication.pptChapter 2B-Communication.ppt
Chapter 2B-Communication.ppt
 
Chapter 1-Introduction.ppt
Chapter 1-Introduction.pptChapter 1-Introduction.ppt
Chapter 1-Introduction.ppt
 

Dernier

Pests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPRPests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPRPirithiRaju
 
Pests of Redgram_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of Redgram_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPRPests of Redgram_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of Redgram_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPRPirithiRaju
 
RCPE terms and cycles scenarios as of March 2024
RCPE terms and cycles scenarios as of March 2024RCPE terms and cycles scenarios as of March 2024
RCPE terms and cycles scenarios as of March 2024suelcarter1
 
Application of Foraminiferal Ecology- Rahul.pptx
Application of Foraminiferal Ecology- Rahul.pptxApplication of Foraminiferal Ecology- Rahul.pptx
Application of Foraminiferal Ecology- Rahul.pptxRahulVishwakarma71547
 
PSP3 employability assessment form .docx
PSP3 employability assessment form .docxPSP3 employability assessment form .docx
PSP3 employability assessment form .docxmarwaahmad357
 
Pests of tenai_Identification,Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of tenai_Identification,Binomics_Dr.UPRPests of tenai_Identification,Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of tenai_Identification,Binomics_Dr.UPRPirithiRaju
 
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docx
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docxApplied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docx
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docxmarwaahmad357
 
CW marking grid Analytical BS - M Ahmad.docx
CW  marking grid Analytical BS - M Ahmad.docxCW  marking grid Analytical BS - M Ahmad.docx
CW marking grid Analytical BS - M Ahmad.docxmarwaahmad357
 
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdf
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdfPests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdf
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdfPirithiRaju
 
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlab
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlabWorld Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlab
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlabkiyorndlab
 
Contracts with Interdependent Preferences (2)
Contracts with Interdependent Preferences (2)Contracts with Interdependent Preferences (2)
Contracts with Interdependent Preferences (2)GRAPE
 
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.ShwetaHattimare
 
IB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptx
IB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptxIB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptx
IB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptxUalikhanKalkhojayev1
 
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabus
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabusAlternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabus
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabusPradnya Wadekar
 
Q3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptx
Q3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptxQ3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptx
Q3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptxArdeniel
 
Pests of wheat_Identification, Bionomics, Damage symptoms, IPM_Dr.UPR.pdf
Pests of wheat_Identification, Bionomics, Damage symptoms, IPM_Dr.UPR.pdfPests of wheat_Identification, Bionomics, Damage symptoms, IPM_Dr.UPR.pdf
Pests of wheat_Identification, Bionomics, Damage symptoms, IPM_Dr.UPR.pdfPirithiRaju
 
Substances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening Test
Substances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening TestSubstances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening Test
Substances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening TestAkashDTejwani
 

Dernier (20)

Pests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPRPests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
 
Pests of Redgram_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of Redgram_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPRPests of Redgram_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of Redgram_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
 
Data delivery from the US-EPA Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposur...
Data delivery from the US-EPA Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposur...Data delivery from the US-EPA Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposur...
Data delivery from the US-EPA Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposur...
 
RCPE terms and cycles scenarios as of March 2024
RCPE terms and cycles scenarios as of March 2024RCPE terms and cycles scenarios as of March 2024
RCPE terms and cycles scenarios as of March 2024
 
Applying Cheminformatics to Develop a Structure Searchable Database of Analyt...
Applying Cheminformatics to Develop a Structure Searchable Database of Analyt...Applying Cheminformatics to Develop a Structure Searchable Database of Analyt...
Applying Cheminformatics to Develop a Structure Searchable Database of Analyt...
 
Application of Foraminiferal Ecology- Rahul.pptx
Application of Foraminiferal Ecology- Rahul.pptxApplication of Foraminiferal Ecology- Rahul.pptx
Application of Foraminiferal Ecology- Rahul.pptx
 
PSP3 employability assessment form .docx
PSP3 employability assessment form .docxPSP3 employability assessment form .docx
PSP3 employability assessment form .docx
 
Pests of tenai_Identification,Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of tenai_Identification,Binomics_Dr.UPRPests of tenai_Identification,Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of tenai_Identification,Binomics_Dr.UPR
 
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docx
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docxApplied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docx
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docx
 
CW marking grid Analytical BS - M Ahmad.docx
CW  marking grid Analytical BS - M Ahmad.docxCW  marking grid Analytical BS - M Ahmad.docx
CW marking grid Analytical BS - M Ahmad.docx
 
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdf
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdfPests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdf
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdf
 
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlab
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlabWorld Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlab
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlab
 
Contracts with Interdependent Preferences (2)
Contracts with Interdependent Preferences (2)Contracts with Interdependent Preferences (2)
Contracts with Interdependent Preferences (2)
 
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.
 
IB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptx
IB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptxIB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptx
IB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptx
 
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabus
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabusAlternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabus
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabus
 
Q3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptx
Q3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptxQ3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptx
Q3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptx
 
Cheminformatics tools supporting dissemination of data associated with US EPA...
Cheminformatics tools supporting dissemination of data associated with US EPA...Cheminformatics tools supporting dissemination of data associated with US EPA...
Cheminformatics tools supporting dissemination of data associated with US EPA...
 
Pests of wheat_Identification, Bionomics, Damage symptoms, IPM_Dr.UPR.pdf
Pests of wheat_Identification, Bionomics, Damage symptoms, IPM_Dr.UPR.pdfPests of wheat_Identification, Bionomics, Damage symptoms, IPM_Dr.UPR.pdf
Pests of wheat_Identification, Bionomics, Damage symptoms, IPM_Dr.UPR.pdf
 
Substances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening Test
Substances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening TestSubstances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening Test
Substances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening Test
 

Chapter 2A-Architectures.ppt

  • 1. Chapter 2(A) – Distributed System Architectures
  • 2. • The content of this chapter is structured as follows:  Software architectural  Layered architectures  Object-based architectures  Data-centered architectures  Event-based architectures  System architectures  Client-server architecture  Peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture Introduction 20.11.2022 2
  • 3. 2.1. Why we need Architectures  For hardware and software arrangement  This arrangement is generally known as a topology  The ways on how to view the organization of software components and how they should interact  Distributed system architectures are bundled up with components and connectors. – Component: A modular unit with well-defined interfaces; replaceable; reusable – Connector: A communication link between modules • e.g., facilities for RPC, message/file passing, or streaming data 20.11.2022 3
  • 4. 2.2. Architectural Styles  There are various architectural styles A) Layered architectures B) Object-based architectures C) Data-centered architectures E) Event-based architectures 20.11.2022 4
  • 5. 2.2. Architectural Styles A) Layered architectures:  Components are organized in a layered fashion where a  The layers on the bottom provide a service to the layers on the top. • Which means request flows from top to bottom, • The response is sent from bottom to top.  A well known example for this is the OSI model that incorporates a layered architecture the layered architectural style 20.11.2022 5
  • 6. 2.2. Architectural Styles…… A) Layered architectures….. 20.11.2022 6
  • 7. B) Object-based architectures:  Each object corresponds to a component and  The components are connected through a remote procedure call mechanism (client-server paradigm)  No specific architecture like layers  No sequential step like layers the object-based architectural style 2.2. Architectural Styles…… 20.11.2022 7
  • 8. 2.2. Architectural Styles…… B) Object-based architectures……  Communication between object happen as method invocations. These are generally called Remote Procedure Calls (RPC).  Some popular examples are  Java RMI,  Web Services and  REST API Calls.  This has the following properties.  This architecture style is less structured.  Component object  Connector RPC or RMI 20.11.2022 8
  • 9. 2.2. Architectural Styles…… C) Data-centered architectures  All components communicate through a common repository; e.g., a shared distributed file system  It contains all the required data in one place  It follows publish/subscribe type of communication.  Distributed file systems, and  Web based data services 20.11.2022 9
  • 10. 2.2. Architectural Styles…… D ) Event-based architectures:  Components communicate through the propagation of events.  It uses Publish/subscribe systems  How It works?  Step-1: An event is generated.  Step-2: It will be sent to the bus system.  Step-3: With this, everyone else will be notified telling that such an event has occurred.  So, if anyone is interested, that node can pull the event from the bus and use it.  Sometimes these events could be data, or event URLs to resources. 20.11.2022 10
  • 11. 2.2. Architectural Styles…… D ) Event-based architectures…..  Easy to add, remove and modify components in the system. S  Some examples are, publisher - subscriber system, and Enterprise Services Bus (ESB). the event-based architectural style 20.11.2022 11
  • 12. 2.2 System Architectures Two major system-level architectures: A. Centralized Architectures e.g., client-server architectures B. Decentralized Architectures e.g., p2p . . 20.11.2022 12
  • 13. 20.11.2022 13 2.2 System Architectures A) Centralized Architecture: e.g., Client-server architecture  It consists of a client and a server.  The client can then request from the server, and the server will respond accordingly.
  • 14. More on Client-server architecture general interaction between a client and a server 20.11.2022 14  Client-server architecture has been subjected to many database- based applications.  Client-server applications usually have three different layers  The user-interface level: implemented by clients and contains all that is required by a client; usually through GUIs, but not necessarily  The processing level: contains the applications  The data level: contains the programs that maintain the actual data
  • 15. • e.g., the general organization of an Internet search engine into three different layers  There is a question in Client-Server Architectures  Questions: how to physically distribute a client-server application across several machines  Solution: Multi-tiered Architectures, e.g., Two-tiered architecture
  • 16. Multi-tiered Architectures (a) put only terminal-dependent part of the user interface on the client machine and let the applications remotely control the presentation (b) put the entire user-interface software on the client side (c) move part of the application to the client, e.g. checking correctness in filling forms (d) and (e) are for powerful client machines (more popular) 20.11.2022 16 Two-tiered architecture: alternative client-server organizations
  • 17. Multi-tiered Architectures  an example is the organization of Web sites 20.11.2022 17 three-tiered architecture: an example of a server acting as a client
  • 18. More on Client-server architecture….. • Advantages: – Easier to Build and Maintain – Better Security – Stable • Disadvantages: – Single point of failure – Less scalable 20.11.2022 18
  • 19. 2.2 System Architectures….. B) Decentralized Architectures: e.g., Peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture – P2P is a good example for decentralized architectures  Removes distinction between a client and a server  Works on the concept of no central control in a distributed system  A node can either act as a client or server at any given time once it joins the network.  A node that requests something is called a client  A node that provides response is called a server 20.11.2022 19
  • 20. Decentralized Architectures….  Two major decentralized forms of architectures  Vertical distribution:  Place logically different components on different machines  Horizontal distribution:  Physically split up the client or the server into logically equivalent parts  an example is a peer-to-peer system where processes are equal and hence each process acts as a client and a server at the same time  read about the different approaches of peer-to-peer architecture - pages 44 - 51 and about Architectures versus Middleware - pages 54 - 66 20.11.2022 20
  • 21.  another example is the horizontal distribution of a Web service 20.11.2022 21
  • 22. 2.3 Client-Server Vs. Peer-to-Peer Architectures 20.11.2022 22

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. 7