1. Computer application in business

2. UNIT – I
 Computer
 Characteristics of computer
 Areas of application
 IPO cycle
 Components of computer
 Memory unit
 Input and Output devices
 Hardware and Software
 Operating System

3.  A computer is a machine that can
store and process information.
 Most computers rely on a binary
system, which uses two variables, 0
and 1, to complete tasks such as
storing data, calculating algorithms,
and displaying information.
WHAT IS COMPUTER?
 Input, Process, Output, Storage
is the correct order of the four
major functions of a computer.

4. Characteristics of computers
Accuracy
Speed
Storage
Versatility
Automation
Diligence
• This is an incredible characteristic of computers, which is
their high level of accuracy.
• It is capable of performing 100% accurate calculations.
• Nothing in this world is perfect or accurate, but the computer
proves these statements false with its precise results, logic.
Accuracy

5. Speed
• A computer device’s speed is extremely fast, as it can
perform any calculation in seconds.
• This is one of the key characteristics of computers.
• This computer characteristic also enhances the versatility of
the computer.
Storage
• Computer memory is the storage space on the computer
where data to be processed and processing instructions are
stored.
• It has both primary and secondary memories.

6. Versatility
• Because computers are so versatile, they can perform almost
any task that can be reduced to a series of logical steps.
• It refers to the ability or adaptation to quickly switch from one
task to another.
Diligence
• A computer is free of fatigue, lack of concentration, and so on.
• It can work for hours without making any mistakes.
• It’s like a superman who can fly and fight for hours and hours
without tiring.

7. Areas Of Application

8. • In the banking sector, computers are used to store details of
customers and conduct transactions, such as withdrawal and
deposit of money through ATMs.
• Banks have reduced manual errors and expenses to a great
extent through extensive use of computers.
•Nowadays, computers are totally integrated into business.
• The main objective of business is transaction processing, which
involves transactions with suppliers, employees or customers.
Banking
Business
Hospital
• Computers are used in hospitals to maintain a
database of patients’ history, diagnosis, X-rays,
etc.
• Surgeons nowadays use robotic surgical
devices to perform delicate operations, conduct
surgeries remotely.

9. Home
• Computers are used at homes for several purposes
like online bill payment, watching movies or shows at
home, internet access, etc.
• They provide communication through electronic
mail.
Entertainment
• MIDI instruments greatly help people in the
entertainment industry in recording music with
artificial instruments.
• Videos can be fed from computers to full screen
televisions.
• Photo editors are available with fabulous features.

10. • IPO is a short form for – Input - Process
– Output model
• IPO is the output and input after the
processing of information.
• Input is given first to get the desired
output. This input is processed before the
output is released.
• It is a critical process for users in
computation. An IPO cycle is a procedure
for processing the information.
IPO Cycle

11. Input Unit
Computer Input unit means the device of the input and a part
of the computer hardware which is used for the transport of
the data processing system.
Process
A central processing unit, also called a central processor, main
processor or just processor, is the electronic circuitry that
executes instructions comprising a computer program.

12. Output Unit
Computer Output is the device which deals with transmitting
the data of the computer among the device and the clients.

13. Components of computer
• Arithmetic and logic Unit (ALU)
• Control Unit (CU)
• Main Memory Unit (MMU)
Arithmetic and logic unit
• In computing, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU).
• combinational digital circuit that performs arithmetic
and bitwise operations on integer binary numbers.

14. • Registers
It is used for temporary storage. Some of the
registers are instruction registers, address registers, etc.
• Program Counter
It is used to store the address of the instruction, that
is to be executed.
• Adders
It is used to perform arithmetic and logical operations
Control Unit
• A control unit, or CU, is circuitry within
a computer's processor that directs
operations.

15. • It instructs the memory, logic unit, and both output and
input devices of the computer on how to respond to the
program's instructions.
Main Memory Unit
• Primary storage (RAM)is called 'primary' because it is the
main memory that is accessible to the CPU.
• It is used to store data that is currently being used.

16. •Random-Access Memory(RAM)
•Read-Only Memory(ROM)
There are two types of main memory:
Random Access Memory
• computer RAM is essentially short
term memory where data is stored as
the processor needs it.

17. • This isn't to be confused with long-term data that's stored on your
hard drive, which stays there even when your computer is turned
off.
Read Only Memory
• Read-only memory, or ROM, is a type of
computer storage containing non-volatile,
permanent data.
• Normally, can only be read, not written to.
• ROM contains the programming that
allows a computer to start up or
regenerate each time it is turned on.

18. The other types of ROM are
PROM
• PROM is a blank version of ROM.
• It is manufactured as blank memory
and programmed after manufacturing.
• We can say that it is kept blank at the
time of manufacturing.
• You can purchase and then program it
once using a special tool called a
programmer.
EPROM
• EPROM is a type of ROM that can be reprogrammed and
erased many times.

19. • It comes with a quartz window through which
a specific frequency of ultraviolet light is
passed for around 40 minutes to erase the
data.
• So, it retains its content until it is exposed to
the ultraviolet light.
EEPROM
• ROM is a type of read only memory that can be
erased and reprogrammed repeatedly, up to
10000 times.
• It is also known as Flash EEPROM as it is similar
to flash memory.
• It is erased and reprogrammed electrically
without using ultraviolet light.
• Access time is between 45 and 200.

20. Secondary Memory
• Secondary storage is a memory that is stored external to the
computer.
• There are two types of secondary memory.
 Sequential memory
 Random access memory
Input Devices
• An input device allows data such as
text, images, video or sound to be
entered into a computer system.

21. • The most common input device used for
entering text.
• Includes keys for word processing and data
inputting, and for performing specific
functions
• Keyboard.
• Mouse.
• Joy Stick.
• Light pen.
• Track Ball.
• Scanner.
keyboard
Mouse
Computer graphics
• A mouse is a small device that a computer
user pushes across a desk surface.
• In order to point to a place on a display
screen and to select one or more actions to
take from that position.

22. Output Devices
• An output device allows data to be
transmitted by the computer in a human
friendly form.
• For example, sound being played
through a speaker.
Printer
• In computing, a printer is a peripheral
machine.
• Which makes a persistent representation
of graphics or text, usually on paper.
• While most output is human-readable,
bar code printers

23. Plotter
• A plotter is a machine that produces vector
graphics drawings.
• Plotters draw lines on paper using a pen, or in
some applications, use a knife to cut a material
like vinyl or leather.
• In the latter case, they are sometimes
known as a cutting plotter.

24. Hardware and Software
• Software, on the other hand,
refers to a set of instructions
which enable the hardware to
perform a specific set of tasks.
• Hardware refers to the physical
and visible components of the
system such as a monitor, CPU,
keyboard and mouse.

25. OPERATING SYSTEM
• An operating system (OS) is the program
that, after being initially loaded into the
computer by a boot program.
• Manages all of the other application
programs in a computer.
Types of Operating System
• Batch OS.
• Distributed OS.
• Multitasking OS.
• Network OS.
• Real-OS.
• Mobile OS.

26. Batch operating system
• This type of operating system does not
interact with the computer directly.
• There is an operator which takes similar
jobs having the same requirement and
group them into batches.
Distributed operating system
• These types of the operating system is a
recent advancement in the world of computer
technology.
• Being widely accepted all over the world
and, that too, with a great pace.
• Various autonomous interconnected
computers communicate with each other.

27. Real time operating system
• These types of OSs serve real-time systems.
• The time interval required to process and
respond to inputs is very small.
• This time interval is called response time.
Network operation system
• These systems run on a server and provide the
capability to manage data, users, groups, security,
applications, and other networking functions.
• These types of operating systems allow shared
access of files, printers, security, applications, and
other networking functions over a small private
network.