research, nurse, evidence based practice,

1. SIVARAJRAMAN
Pegawai Farmasi U44
Introduction
to ResearchResearch

2. RESEARCH
 What are your
feelings about doing
research?
 excited
 full of dread
 fearful
 curious
 angry
 ready for it to be
over?!

3. Why RESEARCH?
 One study “says” to
do one thing;
another study says
that I should do the
opposite
 Not sure which is
better?
 Something is not
right?
 Curious?
 Finding solutions?

4. BUT, I NEVER did
research before?

5. …really?

6. Why get EXCITED with
RESEARCH?
 “The essence of all research originates
in CURIOSITY - a desire to find out
how and why things happen”

7.  Gaining new
knowledge to improve
pt. care
 Evidence based
practice = decision
making
 Expands nursing
IMPORTANCE of RESEARCH?

8.  Involves decision making - what methods
will help to answer a research question?
 Is flexible - multiple possibilities, each with
its own strengths/weaknesses
 Systemic
 Is a circular process
INTRODUCTION to RESEARCH

9.  What do I want to know?
 Does anyone else know
anything about this?
 I’ll make an educated
guess
 Here’s what I’m going to
do to try to answer my
question.
INTRODUCTION to RESEARCH

10.  I’ll try to make sense out
of all this info I’ve
collected.
 What did I find? Was my
hunch supported?
 What do I want to know
now?
INTRODUCTION to RESEARCH

11. INTRODUCTION to RESEARCH

12. Nurses Job
Satisfaction
•Overworked?
•Stress?
•Poor quality of
life?
•No motivation?
•Affects
performance?
•Want a change?
A Research Question

13.  Defining the problem
(area of research)
 Area where
knowledge can be
advanced
 Review related
literature
 Propose research
question
1. IDENTIFY RESEARCH AREA

14. 1. IDENTIFY RESEARCH AREA

15. 
MOST IMPORTANT
 Study Population
 Design Sampling
Plan
 Define how will data
be
measured/collected
 Pilot Study?
2. RESEARCH DESIGN

16. SETTING
Location of the study
Will affect the
findings
SAMPLING
Choosing/ selecting
subjects
Must be
representative of the
population
2. RESEARCH DESIGN

17.  Data Collection -
according to plan
 Organization of the
data
 May be the longest
phase of the
research process
 Systemic
3. DATA COLLECTION

18.  Interpret findings
 Draw conclusions
 Hypothesis is
supported or
rejected?
 How best to utilize
findings?
 New question
formulated?
4. DATA ANALYSIS

19.  Share findings with
colleagues
 May report findings
in journal articles,
oral presentations,
poster
presentations
 Utilize findings -
use in nursing
practice
5. PUBLISH & SHARE

20. TYPES OF
RESEARCH

21. RESEARCH TYPES

22.  Researcher manipulates or controls
variable(s) and observes effect in other
variable(s)
 New intervention/treatment/practice
 Evaluates cause and effect relationship
 EXAMPLE:
effectiveness of High dose Vitamin C
for wound healing
EXPERIMENTAL

23.  Characterizing percentage or amount of
cases/ factors
 Can be based on social demography
 EXAMPLE
• percentage of poorly referred cases from
clinics
• Percentage of patients’ with good hand
hygiene
• carers’ knowledge on management of bed sore
PREVALENCE

24. CROSS SECTIONAL
 Snapshot
 To investigate for
links between
variables
 example:
• carers’
knowledge on
management of
bed sore

25.  Relationships between
variables
 at least 2 variables for the
same group of individuals
 EXAMPLE
• correlation between age and
nurses’ grades with
knowledge on Medication
Error Reporting
• Relationship between patient
education level and AOR
CORRELATION

26.  Nursing problems
- errors, knowledge, job satisfaction, quality of
life
 Patient demography
- treatment failure, poor wound healing, poor
compliance, satisfaction with treatment
 Factors
- Factors for AOR DC, default, contamination
 Disease
- prevalence, risk factors, outcome
IDEAS?

27.  Find questions / problems
 Find for available
evidences
 Design the research
 Try out?
 Ask for help
HOW TO START

28. YES!YES!
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