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125

Section
Chapter

Section

1

Objectives
• Identify the causes of World War I.
• Describe the course and character of the war.
• Explain why the United States entered the conflict
on the side of the Allies.

The Cold FromBegins
War Neutrality to War
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Terms and People
•

Alsace-Lorraine – French region lost to German
states in 1871

•

militarism – a glorification of the military

•

Francis Ferdinand – archduke of Austria-Hungary
who was assassinated in 1914

•

William II – the German emperor

•

Western Front − trenches that stretched from the
Belgian coast to the Swiss border with France,
forming the battlefield between the Allies and the
Central Powers in Western Europe
The Cold FromBegins
War Neutrality to War
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Terms and People (continued)
•

casualty – killed, wounded, or missing soldier

•

contraband – weapons and other war supplies

•

U-boat – a German submarine

•

Lusitania – English passenger ship sunk by a
German U-boat, killing American civilians

•

Zimmermann note – a telegram in which the
German foreign minister proposed an alliance with
Mexico against the U.S.

The Cold FromBegins
War Neutrality to War
Chapter
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1

What caused World War I, and why
did the United States enter the war?
1 In 1914, nationalism, militarism,
imperialism, and entangling alliances
combined to drag Europe into a world war.
The United States attempted to remain
neutral but abandoned its long tradition of
staying out of European conflicts.

The Cold FromBegins
War Neutrality to War
Chapter
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1

In 1914, five factors made Europe a powder
keg ready to explode.
Nationalism
Militarism
Economic rivalries
Imperial ambitions
Regional tensions
The Cold FromBegins
War Neutrality to War
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Nationalism, or devotion to one’s country, caused
tensions to rise.
•

Among the powers of Europe, nationalism
caused a desire to avenge perceived insults
and past losses.

•

Some felt national identity centered around a
single ethnic group and questioned the loyalty
of ethnic minorities.

•

Social Darwinists applied the idea of “survival
of the fittest” to nations.

The Cold FromBegins
War Neutrality to War
Chapter
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1

Economic competition for trade and
colonies increased nationalistic feelings.

Economic competition caused a demand for
colonies and military bases in Africa, the Pacific
islands, and China.
Alliances provided a promise of assistance
that made some leaders reckless or overly
aggressive.
The Cold FromBegins
War Neutrality to War
Chapter
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1

2. Nations stockpiled new technology,
including machine guns, mobile artillery,
tanks, submarines, and airplanes.

Militarism,
combined with
nationalism, led to
an arms race.

The Cold FromBegins
War Neutrality to War
Chapter
Section

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1

3. On June 28, 1914,
Serb nationalists
assassinated the
heir to the throne of
Austria-Hungary,
Archduke, Francis
Ferdinand.

The Cold FromBegins
War Neutrality to War

The assassination
triggered a chain
of events that
drew two sets of
allies into a bloody
conflict.
Chapter
Section

25
1

Section

1

Europe’s alliance system caused the conflict to
spread quickly, creating two main combatants.
Allied Powers
included Britain,
France, Russia,
and Serbia.
Central Powers
included Germany
and Austria-Hungary.

The Cold FromBegins
War Neutrality to War
Chapter
Section

25
1

Section

1

Germany invaded
Belgium, a neutral
country, to attack France.
The German advance was
stopped about 30 miles
from Paris.
4. The war bogged down
as both sides dug a long
series of trenches, creating
the Western Front.

The Cold FromBegins
War Neutrality to War
Chapter
Section

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1

The era’s deadly defensive weapons made attacks
difficult and dangerous.

Neither side could
overcome the
other’s defenses,
and a stalemate
quickly developed.

The Cold FromBegins
War Neutrality to War
Chapter
Section

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1

Section

1

As the war
dragged on in
Europe, President
Wilson urged
Americans to
remain neutral.

• The United States had a long
tradition of staying out of
European conflicts.
• Yet one-third of Americans
had been born in a foreign
country and still identified
with their homelands.

Many Americans favored one
side or the other.

The Cold FromBegins
War Neutrality to War
Chapter
Section

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Section

1

U.S. public opinion fell into three main groups.

Isolationists

Favored staying out of the
war

Interventionists

Favored fighting on the
Allies’ side

Internationalists

Wanted the U.S. to play a
role for peace but not fight

The Cold FromBegins
War Neutrality to War
Chapter
Section

25
1

Section

1

Early in the war,
the British navy
had set up a
blockade of
Germany.

•

Britain’s goal was to intercept
contraband goods.

•

In defiance of international
law, Britain also prevented
non-contraband goods, such
as food and gasoline, from
reaching Germany.

Germany responded by trying to
blockade Britain.

The Cold FromBegins
War Neutrality to War
Chapter
Section

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1

Section

1

German U-boats
torpedoed ships
bound for
Britain.
On May 7, 1915,
a U-boat sank the
British passenger
ship Lusitania off
the coast of Ireland,
killing many
Americans.

The Cold FromBegins
War Neutrality to War
Chapter
Section

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1

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1

Americans were angry about the Lusitania.
Germany failed to keep its promise to
not sink any more passenger ships.
•

President Wilson still
wanted peace, but he
began to prepare for
the possibility of war.

•

In 1916, Congress
expanded the army and
authorized more
warships.

The Cold FromBegins
War Neutrality to War
Chapter
Section

25
1

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1

5. Two events in 1917 led President Wilson
to ask Congress to declare war on
the Central Powers.

•

The Zimmermann Note was intercepted. In
this telegram, Germany tried to forge an
alliance with Mexico against the United States.

•

Germany returned to a policy of unrestricted
submarine warfare, sinking any ship headed for
Britain.
The Cold FromBegins
War Neutrality to War
Chapter
Section

25
1

Section

1

On April 2, 1917, Wilson
asked Congress to
declare war against
Germany, saying
“The world must
be made safe for
democracy.”
Congress responded with a declaration
of war on April 6, and the
United States entered World War I.
The Cold FromBegins
War Neutrality to War
Chapter
Section

25
1

Section

1

Section Review
QuickTake Quiz

Know It, Show It Quiz

The Cold FromBegins
War Neutrality to War

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US History Ch. 10 Section 1 Notes

  • 1. 125 Section Chapter Section 1 Objectives • Identify the causes of World War I. • Describe the course and character of the war. • Explain why the United States entered the conflict on the side of the Allies. The Cold FromBegins War Neutrality to War
  • 2. Chapter Section 25 1 Section 1 Terms and People • Alsace-Lorraine – French region lost to German states in 1871 • militarism – a glorification of the military • Francis Ferdinand – archduke of Austria-Hungary who was assassinated in 1914 • William II – the German emperor • Western Front − trenches that stretched from the Belgian coast to the Swiss border with France, forming the battlefield between the Allies and the Central Powers in Western Europe The Cold FromBegins War Neutrality to War
  • 3. Chapter Section 25 1 Section 1 Terms and People (continued) • casualty – killed, wounded, or missing soldier • contraband – weapons and other war supplies • U-boat – a German submarine • Lusitania – English passenger ship sunk by a German U-boat, killing American civilians • Zimmermann note – a telegram in which the German foreign minister proposed an alliance with Mexico against the U.S. The Cold FromBegins War Neutrality to War
  • 4. Chapter Section 25 1 Section 1 What caused World War I, and why did the United States enter the war? 1 In 1914, nationalism, militarism, imperialism, and entangling alliances combined to drag Europe into a world war. The United States attempted to remain neutral but abandoned its long tradition of staying out of European conflicts. The Cold FromBegins War Neutrality to War
  • 5. Chapter Section 25 1 Section 1 In 1914, five factors made Europe a powder keg ready to explode. Nationalism Militarism Economic rivalries Imperial ambitions Regional tensions The Cold FromBegins War Neutrality to War
  • 6. Chapter Section 25 1 Section 1 Nationalism, or devotion to one’s country, caused tensions to rise. • Among the powers of Europe, nationalism caused a desire to avenge perceived insults and past losses. • Some felt national identity centered around a single ethnic group and questioned the loyalty of ethnic minorities. • Social Darwinists applied the idea of “survival of the fittest” to nations. The Cold FromBegins War Neutrality to War
  • 7. Chapter Section 25 1 Section 1 Economic competition for trade and colonies increased nationalistic feelings. Economic competition caused a demand for colonies and military bases in Africa, the Pacific islands, and China. Alliances provided a promise of assistance that made some leaders reckless or overly aggressive. The Cold FromBegins War Neutrality to War
  • 8. Chapter Section 25 1 Section 1 2. Nations stockpiled new technology, including machine guns, mobile artillery, tanks, submarines, and airplanes. Militarism, combined with nationalism, led to an arms race. The Cold FromBegins War Neutrality to War
  • 9. Chapter Section 25 1 Section 1 3. On June 28, 1914, Serb nationalists assassinated the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, Archduke, Francis Ferdinand. The Cold FromBegins War Neutrality to War The assassination triggered a chain of events that drew two sets of allies into a bloody conflict.
  • 10. Chapter Section 25 1 Section 1 Europe’s alliance system caused the conflict to spread quickly, creating two main combatants. Allied Powers included Britain, France, Russia, and Serbia. Central Powers included Germany and Austria-Hungary. The Cold FromBegins War Neutrality to War
  • 11. Chapter Section 25 1 Section 1 Germany invaded Belgium, a neutral country, to attack France. The German advance was stopped about 30 miles from Paris. 4. The war bogged down as both sides dug a long series of trenches, creating the Western Front. The Cold FromBegins War Neutrality to War
  • 12. Chapter Section 25 1 Section 1 The era’s deadly defensive weapons made attacks difficult and dangerous. Neither side could overcome the other’s defenses, and a stalemate quickly developed. The Cold FromBegins War Neutrality to War
  • 13. Chapter Section 25 1 Section 1 As the war dragged on in Europe, President Wilson urged Americans to remain neutral. • The United States had a long tradition of staying out of European conflicts. • Yet one-third of Americans had been born in a foreign country and still identified with their homelands. Many Americans favored one side or the other. The Cold FromBegins War Neutrality to War
  • 14. Chapter Section 25 1 Section 1 U.S. public opinion fell into three main groups. Isolationists Favored staying out of the war Interventionists Favored fighting on the Allies’ side Internationalists Wanted the U.S. to play a role for peace but not fight The Cold FromBegins War Neutrality to War
  • 15. Chapter Section 25 1 Section 1 Early in the war, the British navy had set up a blockade of Germany. • Britain’s goal was to intercept contraband goods. • In defiance of international law, Britain also prevented non-contraband goods, such as food and gasoline, from reaching Germany. Germany responded by trying to blockade Britain. The Cold FromBegins War Neutrality to War
  • 16. Chapter Section 25 1 Section 1 German U-boats torpedoed ships bound for Britain. On May 7, 1915, a U-boat sank the British passenger ship Lusitania off the coast of Ireland, killing many Americans. The Cold FromBegins War Neutrality to War
  • 17. Chapter Section 25 1 Section 1 Americans were angry about the Lusitania. Germany failed to keep its promise to not sink any more passenger ships. • President Wilson still wanted peace, but he began to prepare for the possibility of war. • In 1916, Congress expanded the army and authorized more warships. The Cold FromBegins War Neutrality to War
  • 18. Chapter Section 25 1 Section 1 5. Two events in 1917 led President Wilson to ask Congress to declare war on the Central Powers. • The Zimmermann Note was intercepted. In this telegram, Germany tried to forge an alliance with Mexico against the United States. • Germany returned to a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare, sinking any ship headed for Britain. The Cold FromBegins War Neutrality to War
  • 19. Chapter Section 25 1 Section 1 On April 2, 1917, Wilson asked Congress to declare war against Germany, saying “The world must be made safe for democracy.” Congress responded with a declaration of war on April 6, and the United States entered World War I. The Cold FromBegins War Neutrality to War
  • 20. Chapter Section 25 1 Section 1 Section Review QuickTake Quiz Know It, Show It Quiz The Cold FromBegins War Neutrality to War