- Juan Ponce de Léon searched for the Fountain of Youth in 1513 hoping to find a way to reverse the aging process.
- Aging refers to the decline in physiological function over time due to accumulated random damage, which eventually compromises survival and leads to death.
- Several theories have been proposed to explain the evolution of aging, including the mutation accumulation theory, antagonistic pleiotropy theory, and disposable soma theory. Further research on genes and pathways involved in aging processes could provide insights into extending human lifespans.
Progeria, also known as Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome, is a rare genetic condition that causes rapid aging in children. It is caused by a mutation in the LMNA gene which produces lamin A protein that holds the nucleus of cells together. Children with progeria appear healthy at birth but start displaying signs of aging between 1-2 years old, such as hair loss, failure to grow, and cardiovascular issues. There is no cure for progeria and affected children typically live into their late teens or early twenties, most commonly dying from heart disease. While research continues for a cure, current treatment focuses on alleviating joint issues and maintaining mobility and quality of life.
Antigen variation is common in protozoan parasites to evade the host immune system. Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite that causes malaria, utilizes antigen variation through expression of different var genes encoding PfEMP1 proteins on the surface of infected red blood cells. Only one var gene is expressed at a time through epigenetic and nuclear architectural mechanisms to ensure low and coordinated switching of antigens and avoid immune clearance. PfEMP1 promotes adhesion of infected cells, causing microvascular obstruction and malaria pathogenesis.
- Juan Ponce de Léon searched for the Fountain of Youth in 1513 hoping to find a way to reverse the aging process.
- Aging refers to the decline in physiological function over time due to accumulated random damage, which eventually compromises survival and leads to death.
- Several theories have been proposed to explain the evolution of aging, including the mutation accumulation theory, antagonistic pleiotropy theory, and disposable soma theory. Further research on genes and pathways involved in aging processes could provide insights into extending human lifespans.
Progeria, also known as Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome, is a rare genetic condition that causes rapid aging in children. It is caused by a mutation in the LMNA gene which produces lamin A protein that holds the nucleus of cells together. Children with progeria appear healthy at birth but start displaying signs of aging between 1-2 years old, such as hair loss, failure to grow, and cardiovascular issues. There is no cure for progeria and affected children typically live into their late teens or early twenties, most commonly dying from heart disease. While research continues for a cure, current treatment focuses on alleviating joint issues and maintaining mobility and quality of life.
Antigen variation is common in protozoan parasites to evade the host immune system. Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite that causes malaria, utilizes antigen variation through expression of different var genes encoding PfEMP1 proteins on the surface of infected red blood cells. Only one var gene is expressed at a time through epigenetic and nuclear architectural mechanisms to ensure low and coordinated switching of antigens and avoid immune clearance. PfEMP1 promotes adhesion of infected cells, causing microvascular obstruction and malaria pathogenesis.
This document contains train schedules between Paris, Lyon, Combs La Ville, and Melun. It lists over 30 train routes with departure times from each station. Some routes are noted as not serving certain stations due to works/repairs, and passengers are instructed to take replacement buses. The schedules are subject to change during the day.
This document contains train schedules between Paris, Lyon, Combs La Ville, and Melun. It lists over 30 train routes with departure times from each station. Some routes are noted as not serving certain stations due to works/repairs, and passengers are instructed to take replacement buses. The schedules are subject to change during the day.