This document discusses controlling the location of hydraulic jumps in rectangular channels. It presents research on improving energy dissipator designs for dams and spillways. The study aims to produce a clear hydraulic jump at varying discharges. It outlines factors affecting jumps and presents mathematical models and physical experiments. The experiments show clear jumps forming for different discharges. Comparisons of experimental and simulation results show good correlation. The proposed stepped weir design is found to reliably locate the jump for all operating conditions. Unique advantages of the design include reducing chances of jump sweep out and not requiring additional appurtenances.
The document discusses methods of flood control and river management. It describes various causes of flooding such as heavy rain, urbanization, dam collapse, and snow melt. Common flood control techniques include building dams and pumping stations, barriers, altering river channels, and controlling land use near rivers. The Mississippi and Nile Rivers are discussed as examples, noting large levee systems on the Mississippi and the Aswan High Dam on the Nile, which was built to control flooding but caused environmental issues.
The document describes the key features of a river diversion arrangement and roller compacted concrete dam for the Jamrani Dam Multipurpose Project. The river diversion includes upstream and downstream cofferdams and a 6.5m diameter tunnel. The 150.6m high RCC dam has a 9km long reservoir and is designed to withstand a probable maximum flood of 8472 cumecs. Stability analyses were conducted considering loads such as earthquake, uplift, and hydrostatic forces, and stresses were found to have adequate factors of safety under all loading conditions.
1) Juan was born as a monkey to human parents after his father prayed for a son, even if it was in the form of a monkey. He grew up and set off to find a wife, eventually rescuing a hidden princess and claiming her as his bride to fulfill a promise to the king.
2) Though the king and queen rejected the princess for marrying the monkey Juan, he later revealed his human identity by removing his disguise.
3) Juan and the princess convinced the king and queen of the truth and of God's will, and eventually succeeded them as rulers, living happily ever after.
A sluice gate is a type of water gate used to control water levels and flow rates. It operates by allowing water to flow underneath and can be manually or electrically operated. Sluice gates are commonly used in canals, rivers, wastewater treatment plants, and mining operations. There are several types of sluice gates including flap gates, vertical rising gates, radial gates, and needle sluice gates.
The document discusses various methods for river training including constructing levees, guide banks, and spurs. Levees are embankments running parallel to rivers that are used to contain flood waters and protect areas from flooding. Guide banks are structures built to confine river flow within a reasonable waterway when constructing bridges or other works. Spurs are embankment structures built transverse to river flow to deflect currents away from banks and prevent erosion. The appropriate river training method depends on the river type, regime, and flow characteristics.
This document discusses controlling the location of hydraulic jumps in rectangular channels. It presents research on improving energy dissipator designs for dams and spillways. The study aims to produce a clear hydraulic jump at varying discharges. It outlines factors affecting jumps and presents mathematical models and physical experiments. The experiments show clear jumps forming for different discharges. Comparisons of experimental and simulation results show good correlation. The proposed stepped weir design is found to reliably locate the jump for all operating conditions. Unique advantages of the design include reducing chances of jump sweep out and not requiring additional appurtenances.
The document discusses methods of flood control and river management. It describes various causes of flooding such as heavy rain, urbanization, dam collapse, and snow melt. Common flood control techniques include building dams and pumping stations, barriers, altering river channels, and controlling land use near rivers. The Mississippi and Nile Rivers are discussed as examples, noting large levee systems on the Mississippi and the Aswan High Dam on the Nile, which was built to control flooding but caused environmental issues.
The document describes the key features of a river diversion arrangement and roller compacted concrete dam for the Jamrani Dam Multipurpose Project. The river diversion includes upstream and downstream cofferdams and a 6.5m diameter tunnel. The 150.6m high RCC dam has a 9km long reservoir and is designed to withstand a probable maximum flood of 8472 cumecs. Stability analyses were conducted considering loads such as earthquake, uplift, and hydrostatic forces, and stresses were found to have adequate factors of safety under all loading conditions.
1) Juan was born as a monkey to human parents after his father prayed for a son, even if it was in the form of a monkey. He grew up and set off to find a wife, eventually rescuing a hidden princess and claiming her as his bride to fulfill a promise to the king.
2) Though the king and queen rejected the princess for marrying the monkey Juan, he later revealed his human identity by removing his disguise.
3) Juan and the princess convinced the king and queen of the truth and of God's will, and eventually succeeded them as rulers, living happily ever after.
A sluice gate is a type of water gate used to control water levels and flow rates. It operates by allowing water to flow underneath and can be manually or electrically operated. Sluice gates are commonly used in canals, rivers, wastewater treatment plants, and mining operations. There are several types of sluice gates including flap gates, vertical rising gates, radial gates, and needle sluice gates.
The document discusses various methods for river training including constructing levees, guide banks, and spurs. Levees are embankments running parallel to rivers that are used to contain flood waters and protect areas from flooding. Guide banks are structures built to confine river flow within a reasonable waterway when constructing bridges or other works. Spurs are embankment structures built transverse to river flow to deflect currents away from banks and prevent erosion. The appropriate river training method depends on the river type, regime, and flow characteristics.
Rivers carry large amounts of water and sediment. They can be classified based on their topography into upper reach rivers flowing through hills, lower reach rivers flowing through flood plains, and tidal rivers. River training works are constructed to guide and confine river flows, control river beds, and ensure safe flood passage. Methods for river training include embankments/levees, guide banks, groynes, cutoffs, and pitched islands. Guide banks are constructed in pairs to create a waterway and prevent structures from being outflanked by the river.
Riverine Disaster Riverbank Management River Morphology Coping Mechanism o...Asif Iqbal
This document discusses riverine disasters and management strategies. It covers topics like river morphology, causes of riverbank erosion, and methods to control erosion like embankments and groynes. It also describes how local communities cope with riverine disasters by temporarily relocating during floods and relying on social networks and loans for long-term recovery. Traditional knowledge is also used to address health issues during floods.
This document discusses vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), which is the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the upper urinary tract. Normally, reflux is prevented by low bladder pressure, efficient ureteric peristalsis, and the ability of the vesicoureteric junction to occlude during bladder contraction. Primary VUR is caused by an abnormally short intramural ureter length, while secondary VUR can be caused by procedures like TURP, or functional issues like detrusor instability. VUR predisposes individuals to recurrent urinary tract infections and renal scarring. Investigations include ultrasound, cystography, MCUG and IVU
The document provides information on the surgical anatomy of the kidney and ureter. It discusses the embryology, gross anatomy including orientation and position of the kidneys. It describes the microscopic anatomy including the nephron. It details the coverings of the kidney including the fibrous capsule, perinephric fat, Gerota's fascia and paranephric fat. It outlines the relations of the kidney to surrounding structures like ribs, diaphragm and pleura. It also discusses the blood supply, lymphatic drainage and nerve supply of the kidneys.
This document provides an overview of different types of spillways and diversion headworks. It discusses the key requirements and functions of spillways, as well as the various types including straight drop, overflow, chute, side channel, shaft, and siphon spillways. Specific details are given on design principles for ogee spillways and energy dissipation methods. The document also covers spillway gates such as dripping shutters, stop logs, radial/tainter gates, drum gates, and vertical lift gates.
A sluice is a water channel that is controlled at its head by a gate (from the dutch word “sluis” ). For example, a millrace is a sluice that channels water towards a water mill. The terms “sluice gate” , "knife gate", and "slide gate" are used interchangeably in the water/wastewater control industry.
This document describes different types of infiltrometers used to measure infiltration rates of water into soil. A single ring infiltrometer consists of a metal cylinder driven into the ground filled with a fixed level of water. A double ring infiltrometer uses two concentric rings to better control lateral water flow. A rainfall simulator produces controlled rainfall over a plot of land to measure surface runoff under varying rainfall intensities and durations.
Canal design involves defining types of canals based on use and discharge. There are two main types - aqueducts for water supply and navigable waterways. Canals are also classified based on discharge into main, branch, major/minor distributaries and watercourses. Design considers canal shape, lining requirements, and layout to minimize curves and balance cuts and fills. Proper drainage systems including surface ditches and subsurface pipes are also important to control water levels and allow cultivation. Explicit equations have been developed for least-cost design of common canal shapes like triangular, rectangular, trapezoidal and circular.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Upper urinary tract obstruction can result from congenital or acquired conditions that impede urine flow from the kidneys to the bladder. Complete obstruction leads to hydronephrosis and retrograde pressure that damages kidney tissue over time through tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. The degree and duration of obstruction determine the likelihood of recovering renal function after relief of obstruction. Emerging therapies aim to prevent obstruction-associated apoptosis and fibrosis by targeting growth factors and cytokines involved in renal injury pathways.
This document discusses uniform flow in open channels. It defines an open channel as a stream that is not completely enclosed by solid boundaries and has a free surface exposed to atmospheric pressure. The document describes different types of open channels, types of flow, and geometric properties of channels. It also presents the Chezy and Manning formulas for calculating velocity and discharge under conditions of uniform flow in open channels.
Rivers carry large amounts of water and sediment. They can be classified based on their topography into upper reach rivers flowing through hills, lower reach rivers flowing through flood plains, and tidal rivers. River training works are constructed to guide and confine river flows, control river beds, and ensure safe flood passage. Methods for river training include embankments/levees, guide banks, groynes, cutoffs, and pitched islands. Guide banks are constructed in pairs to create a waterway and prevent structures from being outflanked by the river.
Riverine Disaster Riverbank Management River Morphology Coping Mechanism o...Asif Iqbal
This document discusses riverine disasters and management strategies. It covers topics like river morphology, causes of riverbank erosion, and methods to control erosion like embankments and groynes. It also describes how local communities cope with riverine disasters by temporarily relocating during floods and relying on social networks and loans for long-term recovery. Traditional knowledge is also used to address health issues during floods.
This document discusses vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), which is the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the upper urinary tract. Normally, reflux is prevented by low bladder pressure, efficient ureteric peristalsis, and the ability of the vesicoureteric junction to occlude during bladder contraction. Primary VUR is caused by an abnormally short intramural ureter length, while secondary VUR can be caused by procedures like TURP, or functional issues like detrusor instability. VUR predisposes individuals to recurrent urinary tract infections and renal scarring. Investigations include ultrasound, cystography, MCUG and IVU
The document provides information on the surgical anatomy of the kidney and ureter. It discusses the embryology, gross anatomy including orientation and position of the kidneys. It describes the microscopic anatomy including the nephron. It details the coverings of the kidney including the fibrous capsule, perinephric fat, Gerota's fascia and paranephric fat. It outlines the relations of the kidney to surrounding structures like ribs, diaphragm and pleura. It also discusses the blood supply, lymphatic drainage and nerve supply of the kidneys.
This document provides an overview of different types of spillways and diversion headworks. It discusses the key requirements and functions of spillways, as well as the various types including straight drop, overflow, chute, side channel, shaft, and siphon spillways. Specific details are given on design principles for ogee spillways and energy dissipation methods. The document also covers spillway gates such as dripping shutters, stop logs, radial/tainter gates, drum gates, and vertical lift gates.
A sluice is a water channel that is controlled at its head by a gate (from the dutch word “sluis” ). For example, a millrace is a sluice that channels water towards a water mill. The terms “sluice gate” , "knife gate", and "slide gate" are used interchangeably in the water/wastewater control industry.
This document describes different types of infiltrometers used to measure infiltration rates of water into soil. A single ring infiltrometer consists of a metal cylinder driven into the ground filled with a fixed level of water. A double ring infiltrometer uses two concentric rings to better control lateral water flow. A rainfall simulator produces controlled rainfall over a plot of land to measure surface runoff under varying rainfall intensities and durations.
Canal design involves defining types of canals based on use and discharge. There are two main types - aqueducts for water supply and navigable waterways. Canals are also classified based on discharge into main, branch, major/minor distributaries and watercourses. Design considers canal shape, lining requirements, and layout to minimize curves and balance cuts and fills. Proper drainage systems including surface ditches and subsurface pipes are also important to control water levels and allow cultivation. Explicit equations have been developed for least-cost design of common canal shapes like triangular, rectangular, trapezoidal and circular.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Upper urinary tract obstruction can result from congenital or acquired conditions that impede urine flow from the kidneys to the bladder. Complete obstruction leads to hydronephrosis and retrograde pressure that damages kidney tissue over time through tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. The degree and duration of obstruction determine the likelihood of recovering renal function after relief of obstruction. Emerging therapies aim to prevent obstruction-associated apoptosis and fibrosis by targeting growth factors and cytokines involved in renal injury pathways.
This document discusses uniform flow in open channels. It defines an open channel as a stream that is not completely enclosed by solid boundaries and has a free surface exposed to atmospheric pressure. The document describes different types of open channels, types of flow, and geometric properties of channels. It also presents the Chezy and Manning formulas for calculating velocity and discharge under conditions of uniform flow in open channels.