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Thyroid
Hyperthyroidism, also known as an overactive thyroid, causes a metabolism that is too fast which can result in symptoms like weight loss, increased heart rate, tremors, and irritability. It is often caused by Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder, or nodules and tumors on the thyroid gland. A doctor can diagnose hyperthyroidism through physical exams, blood tests to check thyroid hormone levels, and scans of the thyroid gland. Treatment depends on severity but may include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy to destroy the thyroid gland, or surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid.
Kidney stones v0.4ppt
Kidney stones form when substances in urine crystallize and form hard mineral deposits. There are different types of stones that form due to various causes. Calcium stones are most common and form when calcium combines with other substances in urine. Infection or uric acid in urine can also cause stones. Symptoms include severe pain, blood in urine, and fever. Stones are diagnosed with x-rays or ultrasounds and treated with increased fluid intake, surgery, or shock wave lithotripsy to break stones. Prevention involves drinking water to increase urine output and limiting calcium, proteins, caffeine and sodas.
Malaria
Malaria is a parasitic disease transmitted through mosquito bites. It causes high fevers, shaking chills, and flu-like symptoms. The parasites travel to the liver and infect red blood cells, causing symptoms like anemia. Diagnosis involves examining blood smears under a microscope to detect the parasites. Treatment depends on factors like location and severity, but most cases only require medication prescribed by a doctor. Prevention involves eliminating mosquito breeding sites and using nets, repellents, clothing coverage and anti-malarial drugs.
Diarrhea
This document discusses diarrhea and dysentery, their symptoms and causes, prevention methods, diagnosis, and treatment. Some key points include: Diarrhea and dysentery can cause loose or watery stools and are often caused by infections from contaminated food or water. Common symptoms include abdominal cramps and dehydration. Prevention methods include drinking bottled water and washing hands. Mild cases may clear up on their own, but a doctor can diagnose through stool samples and treat through oral rehydration or IV fluids for serious cases.
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Thyroid
Hyperthyroidism, also known as an overactive thyroid, causes a metabolism that is too fast which can result in symptoms like weight loss, increased heart rate, tremors, and irritability. It is often caused by Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder, or nodules and tumors on the thyroid gland. A doctor can diagnose hyperthyroidism through physical exams, blood tests to check thyroid hormone levels, and scans of the thyroid gland. Treatment depends on severity but may include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy to destroy the thyroid gland, or surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid.
Kidney stones v0.4ppt
Kidney stones form when substances in urine crystallize and form hard mineral deposits. There are different types of stones that form due to various causes. Calcium stones are most common and form when calcium combines with other substances in urine. Infection or uric acid in urine can also cause stones. Symptoms include severe pain, blood in urine, and fever. Stones are diagnosed with x-rays or ultrasounds and treated with increased fluid intake, surgery, or shock wave lithotripsy to break stones. Prevention involves drinking water to increase urine output and limiting calcium, proteins, caffeine and sodas.
Malaria
Malaria is a parasitic disease transmitted through mosquito bites. It causes high fevers, shaking chills, and flu-like symptoms. The parasites travel to the liver and infect red blood cells, causing symptoms like anemia. Diagnosis involves examining blood smears under a microscope to detect the parasites. Treatment depends on factors like location and severity, but most cases only require medication prescribed by a doctor. Prevention involves eliminating mosquito breeding sites and using nets, repellents, clothing coverage and anti-malarial drugs.
Diarrhea
This document discusses diarrhea and dysentery, their symptoms and causes, prevention methods, diagnosis, and treatment. Some key points include: Diarrhea and dysentery can cause loose or watery stools and are often caused by infections from contaminated food or water. Common symptoms include abdominal cramps and dehydration. Prevention methods include drinking bottled water and washing hands. Mild cases may clear up on their own, but a doctor can diagnose through stool samples and treat through oral rehydration or IV fluids for serious cases.
Insomnia
This document discusses insomnia, a sleeping disorder characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep. It can be acute (lasting days to weeks) or chronic (lasting a month or longer). Women are at higher risk than men due to hormonal factors. Insomnia risks include daytime fatigue, mood changes, memory issues, and accidents. Causes include poor lifestyle habits like caffeine, alcohol, smoking, late nights, and stress. Diagnosis involves examinations and sleep studies. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes and cognitive behavioral therapy, with prescription medications sometimes used for chronic cases.
Acne
Blackheads and pimples - solid or with pus, appearing on face and less commonly on chest, back and shoulders mostly starting at pubertal /adolescent age are indicative of acne.
Cataract
The document discusses cataract, which is an age-related clouding of the lens in the eye that causes blurred or cloudy vision. Cataracts develop as proteins in the lens break down, making it less clear. Risk factors include aging, family history, diabetes, smoking, UV light exposure, and certain medications. Cataracts are diagnosed via eye exams and visual acuity tests. Treatment options range from glasses and lifestyle changes for mild cataracts to surgery to remove the cloudy lens and replace it with an artificial one.
Chickenpox
The document discusses chicken pox, a highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella zoster virus. It is characterized by an itchy rash of small blisters appearing in crops all over the skin. The virus is spread through direct contact with the fluid from skin eruptions or through the air from an infected person's nose or throat. While chicken pox is usually mild and self-limiting in children, it can be more serious in adults and those with weakened immune systems. Treatment focuses on reducing symptoms, and a vaccine is available to prevent infection.
Reflexes
Reflexes are unlearned stereotypical responses to stimuli. The types of reflexes in infants include the Moro reflex, grasping reflex, tonic-neck reflex, rooting reflex, stepping reflex, and sucking reflex. These reflexes are important for an infant's development and survival.
Ringworm
Ringworm is a fungal infection that causes itchy, red patches on the skin, nails, scalp or feet. The patches have distinct borders and a clearer area in the center. It is caused by a fungus and spread through direct contact with infected skin or contaminated items. Diagnosis involves examining skin scrapings under a microscope to check for fungi. Treatment involves antifungal medication for 2-4 weeks and keeping the area dry.
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Insomnia
This document discusses insomnia, a sleeping disorder characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep. It can be acute (lasting days to weeks) or chronic (lasting a month or longer). Women are at higher risk than men due to hormonal factors. Insomnia risks include daytime fatigue, mood changes, memory issues, and accidents. Causes include poor lifestyle habits like caffeine, alcohol, smoking, late nights, and stress. Diagnosis involves examinations and sleep studies. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes and cognitive behavioral therapy, with prescription medications sometimes used for chronic cases.
Acne
Blackheads and pimples - solid or with pus, appearing on face and less commonly on chest, back and shoulders mostly starting at pubertal /adolescent age are indicative of acne.
Cataract
The document discusses cataract, which is an age-related clouding of the lens in the eye that causes blurred or cloudy vision. Cataracts develop as proteins in the lens break down, making it less clear. Risk factors include aging, family history, diabetes, smoking, UV light exposure, and certain medications. Cataracts are diagnosed via eye exams and visual acuity tests. Treatment options range from glasses and lifestyle changes for mild cataracts to surgery to remove the cloudy lens and replace it with an artificial one.
Chickenpox
The document discusses chicken pox, a highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella zoster virus. It is characterized by an itchy rash of small blisters appearing in crops all over the skin. The virus is spread through direct contact with the fluid from skin eruptions or through the air from an infected person's nose or throat. While chicken pox is usually mild and self-limiting in children, it can be more serious in adults and those with weakened immune systems. Treatment focuses on reducing symptoms, and a vaccine is available to prevent infection.
Reflexes
Reflexes are unlearned stereotypical responses to stimuli. The types of reflexes in infants include the Moro reflex, grasping reflex, tonic-neck reflex, rooting reflex, stepping reflex, and sucking reflex. These reflexes are important for an infant's development and survival.
Ringworm
Ringworm is a fungal infection that causes itchy, red patches on the skin, nails, scalp or feet. The patches have distinct borders and a clearer area in the center. It is caused by a fungus and spread through direct contact with infected skin or contaminated items. Diagnosis involves examining skin scrapings under a microscope to check for fungi. Treatment involves antifungal medication for 2-4 weeks and keeping the area dry.