In 2008, The CDC states that 43.6 million people under age 65 are uninsured, or 17 % population Of those, children under 18, 8.9% uninsured; adults 18-64, 20% (taken from National Health Interview Survey, 2007)
Records include Patient demographic data Documentation to support diagnoses and justify treatment provided Results of treatment provided Continuity of care involves documenting patient care services so that others who treat the patient have a source of information to assist with additional care and treatment Documentation includes dictated and transcribed, typed or handwritten, and computer-generated notes and reports recorded in the patient’s records by a health care professional. Must be dated and authenticated (with a legible signature or electronic authentication) Documentation in the patient record serves as the basis for coding. The patient’s diagnosis must also justify diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedures or services provided Medical necessity Proper and needed for the diagnosis or treatment of a medical condition Provided for the diagnosis, direct care, and treatment of a medical condition Consistent with standards of good medical practice in the local area Not mainly for the convenience of the physician or health care facility
If a provider performs a service but does not document it, the patient (or third-party payer) can refuse to pay for that service, resulting in loss in revenue for the provider.
Problem-Oriented Database Chief complaint Present conditions and diagnoses Social data Past, personal, medical, and social history Review of systems Physical examination Baseline laboratory data
Provides access to complete and accurate patient health problems, status, and treatment data Allows access to evidence-based decision support tools (e.g., drug interaction alerts) that assist providers with decision-making Automates and streamlines a provider’s workflow, ensuring that all clinical information is communicated Prevents delays in health care response that result in gaps in care (e.g., automated prescription renewal notices) Supports the collection of data for uses other than clinical care (e.g., billing, outcome reporting, public health disease surveillance/reporting, and quality management) More narrow focus because it is the patient record created for a single medical practice using a computer, keyboard, mouse, optical pen device, voice recognition system, scanner, and/or touch screen Includes a patient’s medication lists, problem lists, clinical notes, and other documentation Allows providers to prescribe medications and order and view results of ancillary tests (e.g., laboratory, radiology) Alerts the provider about drug interactions, abnormal ancillary testing results, and when ancillary tests are needed Total Practice Management Software Used to generate the EMR, automating the following medical practice functions: Registering patients Scheduling appointments Generating insurance claims and patient statements Processing payments from patient and third-party payers Producing administrative and clinical reports
Managed Care Developed Affordable health care 2. Comprehensive health care 3. Prepaid health care
QISMC Ensures accountability of plans through objective, measurable standards HEDIS Performance measures used to evaluate managed care plans (report cards)
Concurrent review Review of necessary medical inpatient treatment Discharge planning Arrangement of appropriate health care services for patient prior to discharge URO – Used by some managed care plans for establishing a utilization management program TPA – Third-Party Administrator provides health benefits claims administration and other outsourced services for self-insured companies
EPO – Exclusive Provider Organization Most restrictive of the models Member must receive all care within the network Care outside network results in full cost paid by member IDS – Integrated Delivery System organization of affiliated providers’ sites (e.g., hospitals, ambulatory surgical centers, or physician groups) that offer joint health care services to subscribers Models: PHO, MSO, GPWW, IPO, medical foundation HMO – Health Maintenance Organization provides comprehensive health care services to voluntarily enrolled members on a prepaid basis Preventive care services, health risk assessments Members must have PCP Copayments POS – Point of Service Freedom to use managed care panel or self-refer In-network services incur standard out-of-pocket costs (copayment) Out-of-network services require payment of deductible and/or coinsurance PPO – Preferred Provider Organization Network of physicians and hospitals joined together in contract with insurance companies, employers, or other organizations to provide health care to members at a discounted rate Use of non-PPO providers results in higher out-of-pocket costs Premiums, deductibles, copayments higher than HMO TOP – Triple Option Plan Choice of HMO, PPO, and traditional health insurance plan Cafeteria plan
Three tiers Tax exempt account used to pay for health care expenses – provides more flexibility Out-of-pocket payments after tax exempt amount reached and before deductible (gap in coverage) High-deductible insurance policy – reimburses allowable health care expenses after deductible met Types Customized subcapitation Flexible spending account Health savings account; health savings security account Health care reimbursement account Health reimbursement account VEBA
Patient interviews for preauthorizations and explaining out-of-network requirements if self-referring Additional paperwork for specialists Some MCOs employ case managers to follow-up with patients. Attachment of preauthorization documentation to some claims
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