The presentation will provide an overview of exploratory research on emerging ICT-enabled governance models in EU cities (EXPGOV). This research, conducted by the Institute for prospective Technological Studies (IPTS) of the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre in collaboration with EUROCITIES, aims at deepening the understanding of the interplay between ICTs and governance processes at city level in the EU by providing evidence of the changes that ICTs are producing on city governance models. In particular, the presentation will discuss the conceptual and methodological approach and the preliminary findings of the research.

1. EXPGOV Project
Exploring emerging ICT-enabled governance models in European
cities
Mark Deakin & Alasdair Reid
Edinburgh Napier University
June, 2011

2. Survey Overview
• 66 cities were surveyed from 29 countries across Europe
• All 27 EU member states are represented in the survey, plus
Croatia and Switzerland
City Population % of cities surveyed
Under 100,000 9%
50,000 – 100,000 9%
100,000 – 500,000 47%
500,000 – 1,000,000 20%
1,000,000+ 15%
There are 446 cities in the EU with populations over 100,000. The EXPGOV
survey represents 60 cities within the EU, (4 cities are from countries out-with
the EU). This sample size equates to 14% of the population.

3. Survey Overview
• The city responses were considered in terms of when
their respective country joined the European Union
• 81% of cities* represented in the survey are from
countries that joined the EU before 2000.
Joined EU Pre 2000 Joined EU Post 2000
Countries 15 12
Cities in the survey 50 12
* Cities from Croatia and Switzerland not included

4. Respondent Profile
• Each respondent was asked to state the role they perform within
their particular city
Policy Maker
Other / Not Specified
Advisor
Researcher
City Government Official
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

5. Key Findings
Have ICTs significantly effected the governance process in your
city?
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Very Significant Not very Insignificant No change at
significant change significant change all
change change
• The majority of respondents, 64% recognised the emergence of ICTs
as having a “significant change” on the governance of their city –
irrespective of population size.
• The majority of those cities recognising the change to be “very
significant”, are from established EU member states (60%).
• 49% of cities recognising this change to be “very significant ”, were
also from cities with a population ranging from 500,000 – 1,000,000.

6. Key Findings Information and 32%
Which policy areas in your city are most communication
Economic development 14%
impacted by ICTs? Urban planning and 10%
management
• The policy area that respondents Tourism and culture 8%
believed to have been impacted the most Social Inclusion 7%
Across all or many governance 9%
by ICTs is “Information and areas
Education 6%
communication” (32%).
Environment and energy 5%
• 59% of City Government Officials Healthcare 5%
identified “Information and Security 3%
communication” as the policy area most Employment 1%
Other 0%
impacted by ICTs – the highest TOTAL 100%
proportion of all the respondent roles.

7. Key Findings
Which governance function has been impacted the
most by ICTs?

8. Key Findings
What specific institutional changes have emerged with the
development of the city’s governance processes?*
60%
• “Openness” was 50%
identified as the main 40%
driver (57%); 30%
• 43% of responses related 20%
to “Performance” 10%
0%
Performance Openness
*Here the “responses” were mapped against the respective Value Drivers
and Government Dimensions (see EXPGOV Concept Paper).The third
value driver – social inclusion received no response.

9. Key Findings
What are the main drivers of change?*
Driver of change %
Efficiency and effectiveness of public service 16%
• Respondents identified the main driver of delivery
Quality of public service provision and 15%
change as “Trust of public agencies and enhancement of user satisfaction
citizen participation in the decision Trust of public agencies and citizen participation 22%
in the decision making process
making process” (22%) Performance measurement and motivation of 4%
civil servants
• This is the main driver of change identified Re-engineering and standardisation of public 12%
by respondents from countries that joined administration processes
Prioritisation / customisation of public services 10%
the EU before 2000. 1%
Streamlining governance processes to cope
• The main driver of change identified by with increased ICT-enabled demand
Addressing social and economic needs for 7%
respondents from countries joining the EU increasing growth and quality of life
after 2000 is “Quality of public service Data sharing based on interoperable platforms 1%
12%
provision and enhancement of user Promoting creativity and innovation
satisfaction”.

10. Key Findings
What are the key socio-economic challenges of the emerging city
governance processes?
• Respondents identified Socio-economic implication %
Economic growth 26%
the main socio-economic
Employment 2%
challenge as “Social Health 7%
inclusion” (30%) Education 11%
• “Economic growth” was Social Inclusion 30%
Urban Environment
identified as the second 9%
Individual / collective well-being 15%
key challenge (26%)
Few examples from cities
demonstrating how
ICT-related governance been
socially-inclusive

11. Key Findings
Do you think new forms of ICT-enabled governance are emerging
in your city?
No answer
No
I don't know: it is impossible to tell
Yes, clearly
I don't know: it is too early to judge
Yes, to some extent
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%
The majority (41%) responded: “Yes, to some extent”.
• The most common response from cities within countries members the EU before-
2000 was: “Yes, to some extent”.
• The most common response from cities joining the EU after-2000 was: “I don’t
know: it is too early to judge”.
• Respondents from cities with a population ranging between 500,000 – 1,000,000
provided the most positive response, with 38% selecting the statement “Yes,
clearly”.

12. Critical Insights
• The survey suggests ICTs are having an impact on city governance,
particularly in terms of improved information and communication services
which enhance service provision.
• The search for “open government” is the main institutional change for
established EU member states, whereas “levels of service performance” is
key to the post-2000 member states.
• “Trust of public agencies” and “increased citizen participation in the
decision-making process”, are identified as significant policy drivers.
• “Inclusion” (and economic growth) is the main social-economic
challenge.
• Despite approximately 60% of those surveyed confirming ICTs are having
a significant impact on city governance processes, the questionnaire
provides insufficient evidence (41%) to suggest this is leading to the
development of new e-governance models.