Dear students get fully solved assignments Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id : help.mbaassignments@gmail.com or call us at : 08263069601

1. Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
help.mbaassignments@gmail.com
or
call us at : 08263069601
ASSIGNMENT
DRIVE FALL
PROGRAM
SEMESTER
SUBJECT CODE & NAME
BK ID
CREDITS
MARKS
2013
MBADS / MBAN2 / MBAHCSN3 / PGDBAN2 / MBAFLEX
II
MB0048 OPERATIONS RESEARCH
B1631
4
60
Note: Answer all questions. Kindly note that answers for 10 marks questions should be
approximately of 400 words. Each question is followed by evaluation scheme.
1. Discuss the methodology of Operations Research. Explain in brief the phases of Operations
Research.
Answer : Meaning of Operations Research
Operations research (OR) is an analytical method of problem-solving and decision-making that is
useful in the management of organizations. In operations research, problems are broken down into
basic components and then solved in defined steps by mathematical analysis.
Methodology of Operations Research :
1. Operational Research Techniques. Some methodological aspects of operational research, and
some of the main OR techniques, including: Critical Path Analysis, Production, Scheduling, Markov
Chains, Queueing Theory, Replacement, Simulation, Stock Control, Dynamic Programming, Decision
Theory, Theory of Games. OR202.
2. Mathematical Programming. Linear programming: from the most basic introduction to sufficient
conditions for optimality; duality; sensitivity of the solution; discovery of the solution to small
problems by graphical methods, and proof of optimality by testing the sufficient conditions; solution
to larger problems by using a computer package. The transportation programme: properties of
solution, connection with graph theory, an
2. a. Explain the graphical method of solving Linear Programming Problem.
Answer :
1. Initially we draw the coordinate system correlating to an axis the variable x, and the other
axis to variable y, as can see in the figure.

2. 2. We mark, in these axis, a numerical scale appropriate to the values it can take the variables
according to the constraints of the problem. To do this work, for each constraint we must to
void all variables except the related to a certain axis, so we establishing the right value for
such axis. This process must be done for every axis.
3. Following, we represent all constraints. We take the first one and we draw the line that is
obtained by considering the constraint as an equality. In the figure, this is represented with
the A-B edge, and the region that
b. A firm produces three types of products viz., A, B and C, which are processed on three different
machines viz., M1, M2 and M3. The time required to process on unit of each of the products and
the daily capacities of machines available per day are given in the following table. The profit
earned by selling one unit of type A, B and C is Rs.10, Rs.15 and Rs.20 respectively. It is assumed
that what all is produced is consumed in the market. Formulate this as Linear Programming
Problem to maximize the profit.
Machines
Time per unit (minutes)
Machine
capacity
available (min.)
Product A
Product B
Product C
M1
5
3
2
400
M2
4
-
3
500
M3
5
2
1
300
Answer :
3.Explain the steps involved in finding Initial Basic Feasible solution by the following methods:
a. North West Corner Rule method
Answer : North West Corner Rule:
Step 1: The first assignment is made in the cell occupying the upper left hand (North West) corner of
the transportation table. The maximum feasible amount is allocated there, that is X11 = min (a1, b1).
So that either the capacity of origin O1 is used up or the requirement at destination D1 is satisfied or
both. This value of X11 is entered in the upper left hand corner (Small Square) of cell (1, 1) in the
transportation table.
Step 2: If b1 > a1 the capacity of origin O, is exhausted but the requirement at destination D1 is still
not satisfied, so that at least one more other variable in the first column will have to take on a

3. positive value. Move down vertically to the second row and make the second allocation of
magnitude X21 = min (a2, b1 – x21) in the cell
b. Vogel’s approximation method
Answer : Vogel’s approximation method:
Steps of the Vogel’s Approximation Method to get the initial solution
1) Consider each row of the cost matrix individually and find the difference between two least cost
cells in it. Then repeat this for each column. Identify the row or column with the largest difference
(select any one in case of a tie).
2) Now consider the cell with minimum cost in that column (or row) and assign the maximal possible
units to that cell.
3) Delete the row/column, if it is satisfied.
4) Again start with step 1 and calculate the differences, proceed in the same manner as stated in
earlier paragraph and continue until all units have been assigned.
4. Explain Monte Carlo Simulation method. What are the advantages and limitations of
Simulation?
Answer : Monte Carlo simulation is a computerized mathematical technique that allows people to
account for variability in their process to enhance quantitative analysis and decision making. The
technique is used by professionals in such widely disparate fields as finance, project management,
energy, manufacturing, engineering, research and development, insurance, oil & gas, transportation,
and the environment.
The expression "Monte Carlo method" is actually very general. Monte Carlo (MC) methods are
stochastic techniques--meaning they are based on the use of random numbers and probability
statistics to investigate problems. You can find MC methods used in everything from economics to
nuclear physics to regulating the flow of traffic. Of course the way they are applied varies widely
from field to field, and there are dozens of subsets of MC even within chemistry. But, strictly
speaking, to call something a "Monte Carlo" experiment, all you need to do is use random numbers
to examine some problem.
5. Explain the Characteristics and Constituents of a Queuing System.
Answer : Meaning of Queuing Theory:
In general, a queueing system involves customers who enter the system, wait in line (a queue), are
served, and leave the system. While many familiar queueing situations involve only people as
customers and servers, there are also many applications in which one or both of these entities is
inanimate (e.g., an ATM could be the server’ parts on an assembly line could be the ‘customers’).
Nevertheless, the terms customer and server are still used. The key features of queueing systems
can be classified as characteristics of arrivals, service discipline, and characteristics of service.

4. Characteristics of a Queuing System
Two important issues relevant to a queue involve the timing and types of arrivals. Usually, the timing
of arrivals is described by specifying the average rate of arrivals per unit of time (a), or the average
interarrival time (1/a).
There are at least two issues related to the types of arrivals. First, the arrivals may occur one at a
time or in batches (such as a carload, for example). Second, the arrivals might well be treated as
essentially all the same, or they may
6.a. What do you mean by dominance? State the dominance rules for rows and columns.
Answer : Dominance in ethology is an "individual's preferential access to resources over another".[1]
Dominance in the context of biology and anthropology is the state of having high social status
relative to one or more other individuals, who react submissively to dominant individuals. This
enables the dominant individual to obtain access to resources such as food or potential mates at the
expense of the submissive individual, without active aggression. The absence or reduction of
aggression means unnecessary energy expenditure and the risk of injury are reduced for both. The
opposite of dominance is submissiveness.
Dominance may be a purely dyadic relationship, i.e. individual A is dominant over individual B, but
this has no implications for whether either of these is dominant over a third individual C.
Alternatively, dominance may be
b. What are the differences between PERT and CPM?
Answer : CPM vs. PERT
Project management is an important part of every business enterprise. Whenever a new product or
service is launched; when embarking on a marketing campaign; or when organizing any new
projects; project management is needed to make everything organized and successful.
As all projects consume resources such as materials, time, people, and money; starting one would
entail an effective project management team and the right techniques to accomplish them,
especially those projects that are very complex ones.
A complex project would normally encounter several delays and may surpass the budget allocated
for it making a project very costly and which may lead to losses. While many techniques fail in
solving these problems, there are two
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
help.mbaassignments@gmail.com
or
call us at : 08263069601