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Development of a WCAG
theme for a learning
management system
© Bernhard Kargl, BSc
Overview
• Usability Testing
• Types of Disabilities
• Assistive Technology
• E-Learning
• Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
• Methodology
• Implementation
• Evaluation
Usability
Testing -
Definition
• Process of collecting and combining data
• With a set of statistics
• Comparative and numerical assessments
• Estimation of accordance to predefined goals
Usability
Testing –
Evaluation
Types
• Formative Evaluation
• Focus on usability before the end of development
process
• Quantitative and qualitative targets
• Summative Evaluation
• Focus on analysing and estimating the development
process
• Used to compare different development processes
Usability
Testing –
Evaluation
Methods
• Rapid Prototyping
• Prototyping Development
• Paper and Pen Simulation
• User-oriented benchmark tests
• Thinking Aloud
• Group Discussion
• Constructive Interaction
• Retrospective Testing
Usability
Testing –
Thinking
Aloud
• Studying cognitive processes
• E.g. human computer interaction
• Solving tasks loudly presenting thoughts
• Outcome is quantitative or qualitative data
• Comparison of different routes within the system
Usability
Testing –
Thinking
Aloud
• Advantages
• Cheap
• Robust
• Flexible
• Convincing
• Intuitive
• Disadvantages
• Unnatural situation
• Filtered statements
• Blasing user behavior
Types of
Disabilites -
Definition
• Described by
• Individuals health condition
• Environment
• Different issues in different situations
• Basic types
• Visual impairments
• Hearing Impairments
• Motor Impairments
• Cognitive Impairments
Types of
Disabilites –
Visual
Impairment
• Total Blindness
• They are not able to see at all
• Visually acuity worse than 3/60 (5%)
• Low Vision
• Beeing legaly blind
• Seeing light and images probaly
• Color Blindness
• Difficulty to decide between two colors
• No restrictions concerning black, white or grey
Assistive
Technologies -
Definition
• General concept including assisstive products
• Assistive products
• Products that help people with disabilities
• Concrete definition depends on disability type
Assistive Technology – Data of User Survey 8
Assistive Technology – Data of User Survey 8
Assistive Technology – Data of User Survey 8
E-Learning -
Definition
• Computer-based system
• containing information to teach students
• Information platforms
• Content Management System (CMS)
• Learning Management System (LMS)
E-Learning –
Learning
Management
System (LMS)
• Virtual environment
• Simulating face to face learning
• Based on communication technology
• Web based systems with special features
E-Learning -
Platforms
• Angel
• BBLearn
• Canvas
• D2L
• Moodle
• Sakaj
Web Content
Accessibility
Guidelines -
Definition
• Guidelines to create accessible content
• Cover all types of disabilities
• Three different layers
• Principles
• Guidelines
• Success Criteria
Methodology
ASK A QUESTION BACKGROUND
RESEARCH
CONSTRUCT A
HYPOTHESIS
TEST HYPOTHESIS
BY DOING
EXPERIMENT
ANALYSE DATA AND
DRAW CONCLUSION
COMMUNICATE
RESULTS
Implementation
– Steps of
Prototype
development
1. Theme creation process
2. Integrate the existing appearance of TeachCenter
3. Overwrite the theme for accessibility concerns
Implementation
– Overwrite for
accessibility
concerns
• Adapt files
• Columns2
• Activity navigation
• Add further information
• Aria-labels
• Skipping Links
• Create new files
• Dashboard
• Course
• Control panel
• Overwrite CSS
• New and existing
Implementation – Overwrite theme for
accessibility concerns (Dashboard)
Implementation – Overwrite theme for
accessibility concerns (Course)
Evaluation
• Thinking Aloud Test
• 8 different questions
• 4 probands
• Different types of disabilities
• Different screen readers and browsers
User Blindness Low Vision Motor
1 0 1 1
2 1 0 0
3 1 0 0
4 0 1 0
User JAWS NVDA ZoomText
1 0 0 0
2 1 0 0
3 0 1 0
4 0 0 1
Evaluation - Results
Thank you for your attention!
And be aware of accessibility!

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Development of a WCAG theme for a learning management system