Smart grid

CONTENTS
• Smart Grid: Definition
• Need of smart grid
• Smart grid functions
• How Smart Grid Works
• Smart Grid: Benefits
• Smart grid components and its Benefits
• Issues and Challenges
• Opportunities in future
• Smart Grid Projects in India and Gujarat
• Question-Answer
• References
Friday, July 8, 2016

Smart Grid: Definition
A “smart grid” is a form of electricity network utilizing
digital technology.
It is an electric power delivery system from point of
generation to point of consumption integrated with
advanced communications and information technology.
A smart grid is also an intelligent automated system for
monitoring the flow of electricity and making the
distribution of electricity more efficient.
The Smart Grid performs various functions such that it
increases grid stability, reliability, efficiency and
ultimately reduces line losses.

Smart Grid implementation dramatically
increases the quantity, quality, connectivity,
automation and Coordination between the
suppliers, consumers and networks.
The grid works like the Internet and consist of
controls, computers, automation, and new
technologies and equipment working
together to respond digitally to meet quickly
changing electricity demands.

A conceptual model of Smart Grid

Need of Smart Grid
Presently, the Indian electricity system faces a
number of challenges such as:
 Shortage of power
 Power Theft
 Poor access to electricity in rural areas
 Huge losses in the grid
 Inefficient power consumption
 Poor reliability
To overcome these problems; smart grid is needed.

Smart Grid Functions

How Smart Grid Works?
The present electricity grid delivers electricity from points of
generation to consumers through two primary systems. The
transmission system brings electricity from power plants to
distribution substations, while the distribution system delivers
electricity from distribution substations to consumers.
In a Smart Grid; new large-scale, renewable-energy projects
connect to the grid.
On the distribution side, the smart grid would integrate new
digital technology into local electricity distribution networks that
would help manage the demand that appliances and other end-
use equipment place on the grid at key times of the day, improve
the efficiency of electricity distribution within local networks, and
provide better information about electricity use in homes,
businesses, and public institutions.

In general, working of smart grid technology can be
understood by grouping into following key areas:
Integrated Communications
Sensing and Measurement-Smart Meters,
Phase Measurement Units,
Advanced Components-Superconductivity
Advanced Control and Pricing Mechanism-
Real Time Pricing
Distributed Generation- Feed-in Tariff,
Renewable Energy Resources.
Energy Storage
Electric Vehicles

The smart grid vision involves a uniformly integrated communication
system with the present power system.
Present communication systems have evolved over a period of time and
lack uniformity and thus interoperability. The communication system
shall be a two-way system where the load can be controlled remotely
from a control center and also read the real time power consumption of
the load. To enable this real time monitoring, advanced devices like
smart sensors, smart meters and phase measurement units will be
required to be integrated in the smart grid system. It would enable quick
fault detection and analysis of the system, thus increasing reliability.
The real time-monitoring and control will enable a market dependent
pricing mechanism and thus a deregulated market. Also, consumers
would be able to feed power back into the grid and earn according to
the feed-in tariff. All these will help in reducing the peak demand and
the country's dependence on fossil fuel energy. The next stage envisaged
is incorporation of advanced technologies like superconductivity in the
transmission network to increase the efficiency of the system.

Smart Grid: Benefits
Consumer Benefits
Enterprise wide Web Portal support
Bill Payment
Complaint Registration & status
New Connection related services
SMS Gateway support
Bill Date/Amount/Payment Alert
Complain Registration status
Consumer application alert
Planned Outage information Alert to consumer

Utility Benefits
Distribution Transformer (DTR) wise data usages
Utilization factor –results in reduction of total KVA Demand
Current imbalance –Phase wise current balancing helped to
reduce DTR failure
Sub-Station data usages
Interruption alerts helped to reduce total outage duration
Feeder wise energy audit
HT Consumer data usages
Hourly data available
Monthly billing done on AMR data, no site visit required
Timely and fast billing
GIS
All consumer and assets are indexed
Network analysis for reduction of technical losses

According to the National Inst. of Standards and
Technology (NIST):
1. Improving Power Reliability and Quality
– Better monitoring using sensor networks and
communications
– Better and faster balancing of supply and demand
2. Minimizing the Need to Construct Back-up (Peak
Load) Power Plants
– Better demand side management
– The use of advanced metering infrastructures

3. Enhancing the capacity and efficiency of existing
electric grid
communications
– Consequently, better control and resource
management in real-time
4. Improving Resilience to Disruption and Being
Self-Healing
communications
– Distributed grid management and control

6. Automating maintenance and operation
communications
– Distributed grid management and control
7. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions
– Supporting / encouraging the use of electric
vehicles
– Renewable power generation with low carbon
footprint

8. Reducing oil consumption
– Supporting / encouraging the use of electric
vehicles
– Renewable power generation with low carbon
footprint
– Better demand side Management
9. Enabling transition to plug-in electric vehicles
– Can also provide new storage opportunities

Smart Grid: Components
Smart meter
Phasor Measurement
Information transfer
Distributed Generation

Smart Grid Components
Smart power meter: use for two-way communications between
consumers and power providers to automate billing data collection,
detect outages and dispatch repair crews to the correct location
faster.
Smart substations that include monitoring and control of critical and
non-critical operational data such as power factor performance,
breaker, transformer and battery status, security, etc.
Smart distribution that is self-healing, self-balancing and self-
optimizing including superconducting cables for long distance
transmission, and automated monitoring and analysis tools capable
of detecting or even predicting cable and failures based on real-time
data about weather, outage history, etc.
Smart generation capable of "learning" the unique behavior of
power generation resources to optimize energy production, and to
automatically maintain voltage, frequency and power factor
standards based on feedback from multiple points in the grid.
Universal access to affordable, low-carbon electrical power
generation (e.g., wind turbines, concentrating solar power systems,
photovoltaic panels) and storage (e.g., in batteries, flywheels or
super-capacitors or in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles).

Smart Grid Projects in India
According to
Central Power
Ministry, India

Smart Grid Projects In Gujarat
The UGVCL is set up smart grid in Naroda and
Deesa in North Gujarat by April-2014.
The Project covering 20,524 consumers in
Naroda and 18,898 consumers in Deesa-II
division.
The functionalities of Peak load management,
Outage Management, Power Quality
Management are proposed by implementing
Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI) for
Industrial, Commercial and Residential
Consumers.

Equipments and its Benefits

Issues and Challenges

Opportunities in the future
Indian power system is facing high AT&C Losses, poor
distribution network, wide demand – supply gap of energy,
poor asset management etc. Smart grid technology will
bring solutions to all of the mentioned problems and
sustainability by way of demand side management,
demand response, outage management, reduction in AT&C
losses and improved customer satisfaction.
Large investment is expected for Smart Grid Applications in
distribution in 12th and 13th Plan, which will provide huge
business prospects in coming years.

POWERGRID is preparing/prepared report on
overall distribution system improvement through
smart grid technologies in Firozabad, Bidhuna,
Shikohabad, Katra, Jammu-Gandhinagar, Charar-i-
Sharief, Baghat, Gulmarg, Pahelgam, Chitradurga
etc. This would facilitate business opportunity to
the players in the field.
Opportunities in the future

Question-Answer
1. How smart smart gird is beneficial for India?
2. Which type of smart meter used in smart gird?
3. Is smart Grid is implemented in Gujarat?

References
• Engineering Cell, GETCO, Vadodara,
“Smart Grid in Transmission”
at http://getco.co.in/
• UGVCL Smart Grid projects-www.ugvcl.com
•IEEE Emerging Technology portal,
at: http://www.ieee.org/go/emergingtech

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