This document provides an overview of 4G technology, including its history and evolution from previous generations of wireless networks. 4G aims to provide significantly higher data speeds of up to 100 Mbps for mobile users through technologies like OFDMA and MIMO. It will allow for new multimedia applications in areas like telemedicine and crisis response. However, 4G networks also face challenges in security and implementation costs that need to be addressed for the future of 4G.

1. 4G -
TECHNOLOGY
PRESENTED BY
Sonu kushwaha
Sec-3D-2
Roll No-24

2. CONTENT • INTRODUCTION
• NEED FOR 4G
• HISTORY
• EVOLUTION OF 4G
• VISION OF 4G
• KEY 4G TECHNOLOGIES
• COMPARISON BETWEEN 3G AND 4G
• APPLICATIONS
• CHALLANGES
• ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES
• FUTURE OF 4G
• CONCLUISION

4. INTRODUCTION
 4G is the fourth generation wireless n/w
communication technology standard.
 This new generation of wireless is intended to
compliment & replace the 3G system .
 The 4G infrastructure will consist of a set of
various n/w using IP (internet protocol) as a
common protocol.
 The 4G system will interoperate with 2G&
3G systems , as well as with digital
(broadband) broadcasting systems.
 In addition .4G system will be fully IP-based
wireless internet.

5. NEED FOR 4G
 Firstly 3G’s maximum data transfer rate of
384 Kbps to 2mbps is slower than 20 to 100
Mbps of 4G.
 With its use of existing technologies &
communication standards ,4G present a
comparably inexpensive standard .
 4G will utilize most of the existing wireless
communication infrastructure .
 4G provides large number of services to the end
users at high speed.

6. HISTORY
The history and evolution of mobile service from
the 1G (first generation) to fourth generation are
discussed in this section. This process began with
the designs in the 1970s that have become known
as 1G. The earliest systems were implemented
based on analog technology and the basic cellular
structure of mobile communication. Many
fundamental problems were solved by these early
systems.

7. Technology 1G 2G 2.5G 3G 4G
Design 1970 1980 1985 1990 2000
Implementation 1984 1991 1999 2002 2010
Services Ana log
voice ,
synchron
ous data
9.6 kbps
Digital
voice
short
message
Higher
capacity
packetized
data
Higher
capacity
broadband
data up to
2 mbps
Higher
capacity
completely
IP based
Data bandwidth 1.9 kbps 14.4 kbps 384 kbps 2 mbps 200 mbps
Multiplexing FDMA TDMA ,
CDMA
TDMA
.CDMA
CDMA CDMA

9. VISION OF 4G
 This new generation of wireless is intended to
complement and replace the 3G systems,
perhaps in 5 to 10 year.
 The future 4G infrastructures will consist of a
set of various networks using IP (Internet
protocol) as a common protocol so that users
are in control because they will be able to
choose every application and environment.
 These features mean services can be delivered
and be available to the personal preference of
different users and support the users' traffic,
air interfaces, radio environment, and quality
of service

10. KEY 4G TECHNOLOGIES
 OFDMA
• OFDMA can be used for the downlink
transmission of the symbols for achieving high
spectral efficiency. It provides high
performance on full bandwidth usage.
• OFDMA is compatible with other technologies
such as Multiple Input Multiple Output and
smart antennas.
• OFDM not only improves the performance of
the physical layer but also adds to the
improvement of the Data Link Layer

11. CONTD…
 Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output
• This is an antenna technology which uses
multiple channels in radios to provide the
functions of both the transmitter and receiver
of data signals sent over the network
• It provides high spectral efficiency and link
reliability facilitating significant increase in the
data throughput and radio link usage without
additional bandwidth and transmission power

13. COMPARISON BETWEEN 3G AND 4G
3G 4G
Speeds 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps 20 to 100 Mbps in
mobile mode
Frequency Band Dependent on country
or continent (1800-2400
MHz)
Higher frequency
bands (2-8 GHz)
Bandwidth 5-20 MHz 100 MHz (or more)
Network Architecture Wide area cell-based Hybrid - Integration of
Wireless LAN (WiFi,
Bluetooth) and wide area
Access Technologies W-CDMA, 1xRTT, Edge OFDM and MC-CDMA
(Multi Carrier CDMA)

14. WHAT REQUIRES FUTURE’S 4G
NETWORK
 To achieve a 4G standard, a new approach is
needed to avoid the divisiveness we've seen in
the 3G.
 One promising underlying technology to
accomplish this is multicarrier modulation
(MCM), a derivative of frequency-division
multiplexing.
 Forms of multicarrier systems are currently
used in digital subscriber line (DSL) modems,
and digital audio/video broadcast (DAB/DVB).

15. APPLICATIONS
 VIRTUAL NAVIGATION AND
TELEGEOPROCESSING:-
You will be able to see the internal layout of a building
during an emergency rescue. This type of application is
some time referred to as ‘telegeo processing’.
 TELEMEDICINE:-
A paramedic assisting a victim of a traffic accident in a
remote location could access medical records (X-rays) and
establish a video conference so that a remotely based
surgeon could provide ‘on-scene’ assistance.

16. CONTD……..
 CRISIS MANAGEMENT APPLICATION
In the event of natural disasters where the entire
communications infrastructure is in disarray, restoring
communications quickly is essential. With wideband
wireless mobile communications, limited and even total
communication capability (including Internet and video
services) could be set up within hours instead of days or
even weeks required at present for restoration of wire line
communications

17. CHALLANGES
 As all the network operators and service
provide would share a common core network
 infrastructure, compromise of a single
operator will lead to the collapse of the entire
network infrastructure.
 Third-parties can masquerade as legitimate
users resulting in theft of service and billing
frauds.
 Since 4G is a secure IP based solution it will be
vulnerable to all the security threats as the
current Internet world.

18. ADVANTAGES
 Support for interactive multimedia services
like teleconferencing and wireless Internet.
 Wider bandwidths and higher bit rates.
 Global mobility and service portability.
 Scalability of mobile network.
 Digital network elements.
 Higher band widths to provide multimedia
services at lower cost(up to 100 Mbps).
 Entirely Packet-Switched networks.

19. DISADVANTAGES
Expensive.
Battery uses are more.
Hard to implement
Need complicated hardware.

20. FUTURE There are some good reasons for 4G development
and a variety of current and evolving technologies
to make 4G a reality.
 Both service providers and users want to reduce
the cost of wireless systems and the cost of
wireless services.
 Lesser the expensive of the system, the more
people whowill want to own it.
 4Gs flexibility will allow the integration of
several differentLAN and WAN technologies.
 Finally, the 4G wireless system would truly go
into a "one sizefits all" category, having a feature
set that meets the needs ofjust about everyone.

21. CONCLUSION
 All totally the best way to help all users is to
use 4G as the next wireless system and in
totally it is safety and secure for public, this the
need that demands the solution.
 Today’s wired society is going towards wireless
and if it has problem, 4G is answer.

22. REFERENCES
 J. Ibrahim. 4G Features. Bechtel
Telecommunications and Technical Journal, Volume
1, Number.1, December 2002.
 Frattasi, S.; Fathi, H.; Fitzek, F.H.P.; Katz,
M.D.; Prasad, R. Defining 4G Technology from the
User’s Perspective. IEEE Volume 20, Issue 1, Jan.-Feb.
2006.
 Suk Yu Hui, Kai Hau Yeung. Challenges in the
Migration to 4G Mobile Systems. Communications
Magazine, IEEE Volume 41, Issue 12, Dec. 2003.
 Yongsuk Park, Taejoon Park. A Survey of
Security Threats on 4G Networks. Globecom
Workshops, 2007, IEEE, Nov. 2007.