Hydro power plant
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It provides a basic understanding of hydropower plant which use water to generate electricity. Moreover, it describes about its advantages and disadvantages.
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Hydro power plant
- 1. 1 Hydropower PlantHydropower Plant ANG SovannANG Sovann
- 2. 2 1. Introduction 2. History 3. Global Potential 4. How does it work 5. Technology and Application 6. Capacity and Generation 7. Principle Components 8. Seize and Capacity 9. Advantages and Disadvantages 10. Conclusion 11. Future of hydropower 12. Case study: Kamchay Hydropower 13. References Content
- 3. 3 Hydropower = Hydro + Power plant 1. Introduction
- 4. 4 1. Introduction •Renewable and clean energy. •Use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water
- 5. 5 2. History • The Greeks used water wheels for grinding wheat into flour more than 2,000 years ago. • Besides grinding flour, the power of the water was used to saw wood and power textile mills.
- 6. 6 2. History • French hydraulic and military engineer, Bernard Forest de Bélidor in the mid-1700s. • He wrote Architecture Hydraulique which described vertical- and horizontal-axis hydraulic machines. • In the early 1800’s, American and European factories made use of the water wheel to run machines. • In the late 1800’s, hydropower was first used to generate electricity
- 8. 8 • Water from the reservoir flows due to gravity to drive the turbine. • Turbine is connected to a generator. • Power generated is transmitted over power lines. 4. How does it work(cont.)
- 9. 9 5. Technology and Application Hydropower Technology Impoundment Diversion Pumped Storage
- 10. 10 5.1. Diversion Hydro Power • Run-of-the-river hydroelectric stations are those with small or no reservoir capacity. •water coming from upstream must be used for generation
- 11. 11 •The most common type of hydroelectric power plant •It is a large hydropower system, that uses a dam to store river water in a reservoir 5.2. Storage Hydro Power
- 12. 12 •Pumped storage is a method of keeping water in reserve for peak period power demands. . 5.3. Pumped storage Hydro Power
- 13. 13 Reservoir acts much like a battery, storing power in the form of water when demands are low and producing maximum power during daily and seasonal peak periods. 5.3. Pumped storage Hydro Power
- 14. 14 6. Capacity and Generation •The total electricity generated by hydropower in 2009 reached 3 329 TWh, 16.5% of global electricity production. •85%of renewable energy and provided more than one billion people with power.
- 15. 15 6. Capacity and Generation
- 16. 16 6. Capacity and Generation Name Country Year Max Generation Annual Production Three Gorges China 2009 18,200 MW Itaipú Brazil/Paraguay 1983 12,600 MW 93.4 TW-hrs Guri Venezuela 1986 10,200 MW 46 TW-hrs Grand Coulee United States 1942/80 6,809 MW 22.6 TW-hrs Sayano Shushenskaya Russia 1983 6,400 MW Robert-Bourassa Canada 1981 5,616 MW Churchill Falls Canada 1971 5,429 MW 35 TW-hrs Iron Gates Romania/Serbia 1970 2,280 MW 11.3 TW-hrs • The 8 largest dam in the world
- 18. 18 7.1. Type of Turbine
- 20. 20 7.1.2. Cross flow turbine
- 22. 22 7.1.4. Kaplan turbine •Has three to six blades, and can provide up to 400 MW of power. •Can be improved by changing the pitch of the blades.
- 23. 23 8. Size and Capacity 1. Large plants : capacity >30 MW 2. Small Plants : capacity b/w 100 kW to 30 MW 3. Micro Plants : capacity up to 100 kW 4. Pico Plant : capacity under 5 kw
- 24. 24 8.1. Large scale hydro power
- 25. 25 8.2. Small hydro power
- 26. 26 8.3. Micro hydro power
- 27. 27 8.4. Pico hydro power
- 28. 28 9. Advantages and Disadvantages •What are the advantages and disadvantages of hydro power plant?
- 29. 29 9.1. Advantages 1. renewable and clean energy 2. cheap and reliable energy 3. Flood controller 4. Tourism 5. Transportation 6. Irrigation
- 30. 30 9.2. Disadvantages 1. High investment cost 2. Flood 3. Local people displacement 4. Barrier for fish, navigation, transportation 5. Failure risk
- 31. 31 10. Conclusion Hydro power is an important part of the world's electricity supply, providing reliable, cost effective electricity, and is expected to continue to do so in the future. Hydro power has less negative environmental impacts which are very different from those of fossil fuel power plants.
- 32. 32 •Evaluating a new generation of large turbines – Capable of balancing environmental, technical, operational, and cost considerations •Developing and demonstrating new tools – to generate more electricity with less water and greater environmental benefits – tools to improve how available water is used within hydropower units, plants, and river systems •Studying the benefits, costs, and overall effectiveness of environmental mitigation practices 11. Future of hydropower
- 33. 33 11. Future of hydropower • Will role important electricity producer in Cambodia
- 34. 34 12. Case study Kamchay hydro power •The first Cambodia large scale hydro power •Began in 2007, finished 2011 •Invested by China •Capacity 194 MW •Height 100m •Cost US$280 million
- 35. 35 Thanks for yourThanks for your paying attentionpaying attention Q & AQ & A
Notes de l'éditeur
- Hydroelectric power comes from water at work, water in motion. Most people do not think about the initial stages of hydroelectric power. The first step of hydropower is the powers the hydrologic cycle which in turns gives the earth its water. In the hydrologic cycle, atmospheric water reaches the earth’s surface as precipitation. Some of the water evaporates, but most of the water is absorbed by the ground and becomes surface runoff. Water from rain and melting snow eventually reaches ponds, lakes, reservoirs, and oceans where evaporation is constantly occurring. This cycle is a never ending cycle and nature ensures that water is a renewable resource.
- For more than a century, the technology for using falling water to create hydroelectricity has existed.
- The evolution of the modern hydropower turbine began in the mid-1700s when a French hydraulic and military engineer, Bernard Forest de Bélidor wrote Architecture Hydraulique which described vertical- and horizontal-axis hydraulic machines. In 1878 the world's first hydroelectric power scheme was developed at Cragside in Northumberland, England by William George Armstrong Ancient Greek farmers have used water wheels to grind wheat into flour. In the early 1800’s, American and European factories made use of the water wheel to run machines. In the late 19th century, hydropower was used for generating electricity. Waterwheels and mills were used for irrigation and mining. In the 1830’s, hydropower provided the energy for transportation up and down steep hills. In 1848, the turbine was created, improving the waterwheels and mills which were bulky and slow. Turbines are specific to each site. The first hydroelectric power plant was built at the Niagara Falls in 1879. In the late 1940’s, big dams for hydropower had been built.
- The total worldwide technical potential for hydropower is estimated at 14,576 TWh/yr (52.47 EJ/yr), over four times the current worldwide annual generation. This technical potential corresponds to a derived estimate of installed capacity of 3,721 GW.
- Hydroelectric generation can also work without dams, in a process known as diversion, or run-of-the-river. Run-of-the-river hydroelectric stations are those with small or no reservoir capacity, so that the water coming from upstream must be used for generation at that moment, or must be allowed to bypass the dam. Run-of-river schemes use the natural flow of a river, where a weir can enhance the continuity of the flow. Both storage and run-of-river schemes can be diversion schemes, where water is channeled from a river, lake or dammed reservoir to a remote powerhouse, containing the turbine
- water pumped to a storage pool above the power plant at a time when customer demand for energy is low. The water is then allowed to flow back through the turbine-generators at times when demand is high.
- Global installed hydropower capacity was estimated to be between 926 GW and 956 GW in 2009/2010, excluding pumped storage hydropower capacity.