1. Medicine of the Ancient
East
(Indian,Chinese medicine)

2. Ancient Indian medicine
The beginning of the medical sciences in
India have been traced to the proficiency
of the Indus valley people in town
planning, sanitation, and hygiene,
representing the oldest surviving
examples of town planning…… indicate
remarkable concern for public health..

3. PAVED BATHROOM AND BRICKWALL
MOHENJO-DARO (c.3300BC)

4. SUSHRUTHA, SURGEON OF ANCIENT
INDIA, PERFORMING AN ARTIFICIAL
EAR LOBE .

5. The surgeon Sushruta
THE ENCYCLOPEDIC WORKS OF
CHARAKAAND SUSHRUTAARE THE
PRODUCTS OF A FULLY EVOLVED
SYSTEM WHICH RESEMBLES THOSE OF
HIPPOCRATES, AND GALEN IN
SOME RESPECTS; AND WHICH IN
OTHERS HAD DEVELOPED BEYOND
THEM”.

6. The surgeon Sushruta may have lived
about 500 BC. Sushruta left a book, the
Samhita, explaining his surgical methods.
Sushruta described how to pull teeth, how
to fix broken bones, and how to fix
blockages of the intestines. He did
operations on people’s eyes to remove
cataracts. These cataract operations
sometimes worked a little, though more
often they left the patient completely blind.

7. Sushruta’s operations must have
been very hard, because he didn’t
have any anesthesia other than wine.
But he
recommended bhang (probably mariju
ana) to treat coughs and dysentery.

8. Sushruta also described tuberculosis.
About the same time, Indian people
were using sand and charcoal filters
to get clean water. That probably
saved many lives.

9. Indian medicine: Replicas of the surgical tools
Sushruta describes in his book SUSHRUTHA SAMHITA

10. - Sushruta divided 1120 diseases into
natural and supernatural.
- He taught palpation and auscultation
of heart, lungs, and womb; and
advocated the use of special senses.
- He was the pioneer of most teaching
techniques in experimental and
clinical surgery.

11. To Sushruta, belongs the honor of
being called “the FATHER OF
SURGERY” and the ‘PATRON OF
A SURGEON IN TRAINING’,
as he was the first before all to
emphasize on practical training in
experimental and clinical surgery.

12. ANCIENT CHINESE MEDICINE
Basic Characteristics of Chinese Medicine
Zheng Ti Guan Nian :Theory of Holism
 central idea in TCM
 bears directly on preventing and treating diseases
 emphasis on harmony
 Two main components:
1. the human body is regarded as a single,
integrated unit
2. special attention paid to integration and
interaction between human body and the
environment

13.  Main Concept of TCM: Yin Yang
• Theory that everything in the universe contains the two
aspects of Yin and Yang, which are in opposition and also
in unison.They are polar opposites inherent and
discernable in everything, and are never absolute.
• Yang qualities: dynamic, external, upward, ascending,
brilliant, progressive, hyperactive, superficial, heat, light,
open, energy
• Yin qualities: static, internal, downward, descending,
dull, retrogressive, hypoactive, dark wet, cold, matter

14. Wu Xing: Five Phases (elements)
• originally a philosophical
theory in ancient China, later
adapted to medical practice,
becoming an important part
of TCM theory
• universal interdependence of
all things and events
• used to explain and expand a
series of medical problems by
comparing with and deducing
from mutual relationships

15. Two Examples of Relationships
Between Phases:
Xiang Ke ( inter- inhibition, or control ) :
wood inhibits earth, earth inhibits
water, water inhibits fire, fire inhibits
metal, and metal inhibits wood
Xiang Sheng ( inter-generation ): wood
generates fire, fire generates earth,
earth generates metal, metal generates
water, and water generates wood

16. Methods of Diagnosis
Si Zhen
1. Smelling (olfaction)
2. Listening
(auscultation )
3. Looking ( inspection )
4. Asking
5. Pulse taking
6. Palpation
Ba Gang
eight guiding principles,
or eight parameters for
diagnosis
1-2 Yin and Yang
3-4 exterior and interior
5-6 cold and heat
7-8 deficiency and
excessiveness

17. TCM: Attention to Body and Nature
 the human body is an organic whole
 components complement one another,
functionally and pathologically
 changes of nature constantly influence the
human body
For Example:
Seasonal variations of the pulse: pulse in
spring is somewhat taut like a string; in
summer, somewhat full; in autumn, somewhat
floating or superficial; in winter, somewhat
deep

18. Methods of Treatment
Acupuncture
Herbs
Tui Na

19. What is Tui Na?
 relatively new to the western world
 combines the work of massage therapy,
chiropractic and TCM
 establishes a more harmonious flow of Qi
throughout the system of channels and
collaterals, allowing the body to naturally heal
itself.
 Tui Na encompasses three techniques
1. Massage to treat the soft tissue (muscles and
tendons of the body
2. Acupressure to affect the flow of the Qi
3. Adjustments for realignment

20. How does TCM work?
Vital energy called Qi is the life force
that drives all living things. Qi flows
through meridians (also called channels)
in the body similar to water flowing in a
river.
 Twelve primary meridians, each
associated with an organ system
Disease occurs with imbalance, resulting
in excess of deficient amounts of Qi in
the meridians.
TCM works to alleviate this imbalance
and restore harmony

21. How does Acupuncture work?
 points are located throughout the
body and act as gateways to influence,
redirect, increase or decrease the vital
“substance” of Qi
corrects imbalances that cause disease
research programs have been
conducted towards understanding the
mechanism of acupuncture with
impressive results.

22. Ancient Acupuncture: Nine
needles

23. About Chinese Herbs
important component of TCM
 herbal formulas are as effective now as
they were more then 4,000 years ago
when they were first introduced
formulas contain 2 - 18 different types of
herbs
used to treat a wide variety of symptoms
while stimulating the body’s natural
healing process
not addictive, powerful nutritional
agents

24. THANK YOU