Explore open access books - Springer Nature & Digital Science event in Boston (2019-09)

Explore open access books
#exploreOAbooks
@SN_OAbooks
@DigitalSci
IllustrationinspiredbytheworkofMarieCurie

1
#exploreOAbooks
Programme
14:00 Why publish your book open access? Rosalind Pyne, Springer Nature
14:30 Live author Q&A with Eric Haines Eric Haines, Nvidia & Ros Pyne
15:00 Understanding the value and impact of
open books
Mike Taylor, Digital Science
15:45 OA books and open knowledge
infrastructures
Catherine Ahearn, PubPub & MIT
Knowledge Futures Group
16:30 General discussion
17:00 Networking drinks reception (Globe Bar & Café)

22
1.0
Why publish your book open access?
Ros Pyne
Director OA Books, Springer Nature

3
What do we mean by open access?
How does it work in practice?

4
#exploreOAbooks
• Free to read and download, with no restrictions, immediately on
publication.
• Version of record: The version that is free is the publisher‘s final typeset
version (PDF, ePub, HTML, MOBI formats).
• Licensed for re-use and sharing: Creative Commons licence means readers
may freely use and share the work.
• Highly visible and discoverable: Book is available from publisher platforms
and many third-party sites
• Print: OA books are also available in print.
• High quality: The same rigorous peer-review process, copyediting and
proofreading services as non-OA books
• OA fee: An open access fee covers the costs of making the work OA.
What is an open access book?
Free to read and share; highly visible & discoverable; high quality

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#exploreOAbooks
• Programme launched in 2012.
• Wide range of subject areas accepted
• Monographs, edited collections,
proceedings, short-form books, OA
chapters
• More than 800 OA books published so
far
OA books at Springer Nature

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#exploreOAbooks
Publishing an OA book with Springer Nature
You can also
choose to ‘flip’ to
OA later on
We apply the same
rigorous peer review
as for non-OA books
Fees depend on
format and length
CC BY allows for
maximum re-use
All e versions are
made OA; reduced
price for print
copies
Visibility via multiple
platforms and
marketing support

7
So, why publish your book open access…?

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For increased readership
OA brings increased visibility and readership of research
Source: Emery et al. Springer Nature. 2017. The OA effect: How does open access affect the usage of scholarly books?
-- Postdoctoral Scholar in
Management Science
and Engineering, USA
“it is really about
bringing the content to
people who shall be
reading it.“

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OA books are freely available from multiple platforms

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#exploreOAbooks
OA books have higher downloads, citations, and online mentions
Download the full report
http://www.springernature.com/the-oa-effect

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To reach a wider global audience
There is an ethical argument for OA
“For me publishing a book that wasn’t OA on
the impact of international development would
be quite unethical, because I know that people
in Uganda would not be able to read the book.
For me [OA] was an absolute critical component
to the ethics of publishing.”
--- Helen Louise Ackers, Chair in
Global Social Science,
University of Salford

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#exploreOAbooks
OA brings greater understanding of research globally and outside the
academic community

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Countries in the global south have high total views and downloads of
OA books per institution
Source: Montgomery et al. Knowledge Unlatched Research. 2017. Exploring usage of open access books via the JSTOR platform.

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To support reproducibility
OA helps verification of results, speeds up scholarly exchange
“with open science, it helps that
research results can be replicated,
verified, falsified, and reused for
scholarly as well as practical
applications.”
-- Falk Reckling, PhD, Head of
Department, Strategy – Policy,
Evaluation, Analysis, Austrian
Science Fund (FWF)

15
To comply with public access mandates
OA is being adopted by major funders and institutions worldwide
“There is a political drive in
Norway towards open access to
research […] OA publishing is one
way to help meet this political
agenda.”
-- Professor Aslak Tveito,
CEO, Simula Research
Laboratory
“If it is publicly-funded
research [...] then I
think the public has the
right to access these
results.”
--- Philosophy
Professor,
Germany

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To comply with public access mandates
There are an increasing number of funding initiatives for OA books
• Policies: 22 research funders and 43 institutions
worldwide mandate that researchers make their
books and chapters openly available
• Funding: 21 funders and 52 institutions
worldwide formally make funding available for OA
books.
Example OA book funding in the US
• Towards an Open Monograph Ecosystem
(TOME)
• Gates Foundation
• 26 institutions
22
431
4
20
53
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Funders Institutions
OA book and chapter policies
OA encouraged
OA mandate - chapters
only
OA mandate - books and
chapters

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#exploreOAbooks
We offer a free open access support service to make it easier for our authors to
discover and apply for BPC funding, and to comply with funder and institutional open
access requirements.
Open access funding and policy support
Online resources:
• Lists of organizations that provide OA funding
for books and book chapters
• Policy advice and information
• www.springernature.com/gp/open-
research/funding
Personal funding and policy advice by email:
OAfundingpolicy@springernature.com

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Why should I publish my book open access?
• Immediate online access
• Increased readership
• Reach a globally more diverse audience
• Reach beyond academia
• Support reproducibility
• Meet public access requirements

1919
The story behind the image
Alfred Nobel (1833–1896)
Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer and inventor
of dynamite. Dynamite made him very wealthy but partly
in response to concerns about its negative uses, he decided
to give the vast majority of his estate to establish the four
Nobel Prizes with a fifth awarded in his memory, to people
or organisations who promote peace around the world.
Thank you
Ros Pyne
Director, OA Books
Springer Nature
ros.pyne@springernature.com
@rospyne
Questions about our OA books programme:
OAbooks@springernature.com
Find out more:
https://www.springernature.com/oabooks

2020
2.0
Author Q&A
Eric Haines, Distinguished Engineer, Nvidia
Ros Pyne, Director of OA Books, Springer Nature

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#exploreOAbooks
Distinguished Engineer, Nvidia
Apress, 2019: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4842-4427-2
Eric Haines

2222
3.0
Understanding the value and impact of open books
Mike Taylor
Head of Metrics Development, Digital Science

Understanding the
Value and Impact
of Open Books

Your presenter...
● Mike Taylor, Head of Metrics Development at Digital Science
● Mostly working on Dimensions and Altmetric.
● Before Digital Science, I worked at a very large publisher for
twenty years. Over half that time on books, in a commissioning
team.
● Still a big books fan, and I regularly talk with small and large
book publishers - so I understand their pain!
● Have been very active in the research community - as part of
Orcid, Crossref, NISO. Have made contributions to Onix,
CASRAI etc.
● Actively involved in organizing conferences -
www.altmetricsconference.com -
www.transformingresearch.org - www.latmetrics.com.
● https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8534-5985@herrison | m.taylor@digital-science.com

Monographs and the
Research Lifecycle
@herrison | m.taylor@digital-science.com

The Research Lifecycle
● “Some view the monograph as the central format through
which the humanities contributes to a 'diverse ecology of
inquiry and methods'.”
● Monographs represent different modes of communication:
○ Mature - Significant contributions towards thought
from established thinkers, eg Frodeman, R. (2014).
Sustainable Knowledge: a theory of interdisciplinarity.
Palgrave MacMillan; Latour, Bruno (2005).
Reassembling the social: an introduction to actor-
network-theory. Oxford New York: Oxford University
Press.
○ Early stage - Published theses that ‘introduce our
intellectual contributions to a wider community’.

The Research Lifecycle (1)
● Looking at “digital sociology” (using
Dimensions data).
● Looking at one line for all publications
gives
us a very singular impression of
growth.
● Looking at lines for different
publication type, and understanding
the differences in timing, motivation
and effort provides valuable
insights into the progression of a
topic.
● Monographs dance to a different beat
from research articles.
● The effort that goes into a monograph@herrison | m.taylor@digital-science.com

The Research Lifecycle (2)
● Looking at “human migration studies” (using Dimensions
data).
● The axis represents twenty outputs - so in 2016, 23
chapters, and 19 monographs were published (they aren’t
chapters from the monographs).
● 2016 (and the years immediately before and after) were
years where there were significant issues regarding human
migration.
● These inflections are typically seen around “step changes”
in a field, and are frequently precursors to changes in other
publishing output, funding etc.
● This could be a case of theses being adapted / published
to meet a demand for content in the academic world.

The Role of the Monograph
● The “laboratory” of arts, humanities, social sciences.
● Disproportionately important in these fields...
○ ...plus non-English scholarship
○ ...plus many parts of the world.
○ Therefore, not taking the monograph seriously damages the
integrity of global, multicultural, multi-lingual scholarship.
● The amount of scholarship involved in a monograph may be many
times more than in a research article or proceedings paper.
● A move towards “publish or perish” - at an increased velocity - may
change the nature of scholarship in these areas and push it towards
“quicker, shallower” outputs.
● To understand and value the monograph is to understand and value
all scholarship.

“The State of Open
Monographs”

The State of Open Monographs - A white
paper● Grimme, Sara; Taylor, Mike; Elliott, Michael A.; Holland,
Cathy; Potter, Peter; Watkinson, Charles (2019): The State
of Open Monographs. figshare.
● https://figshare.com/articles/_/8197625
● https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8197625.v4
● Report addresses the question of how we integrate and
value monographs in the increasingly open digital scholarly
network. Analysis looked at the open monograph
landscape in 2019, the impact and role of monographs in
the scholarly record, the move towards open access and
the nuances in funding.

The State of Open Monographs - Scope
● The Open Access Monograph Landscape in 2019
● How Many Monographs Are Published Each Year?
● Challenges in Information Supply Chain
● Valuing and Understanding Monographs - Their Role in the
Scholarly Record
● Understanding Costs and Finding Funding

The State of Open Monographs -
Conclusions (1)● Open access is still a relatively small part of the
monograph landscape. As of mid-2019, the Directory of
Open Access Books lists fewer than 20,000 OA books of
all dates (https://www.doabooks.org/). This is compared to
an estimated 86,000 monographs published internationally
every year.
● Initiatives such as Knowledge Unlatched and TOME are
experimenting with new business models that presume a
world where open access becomes the norm for
monographs.
● While monographs continue to be central to the intellectual
and professional identity of HSS fields, the technology for
publishing them continues to be driven largely by the
needs of a print and journal-based market. As a result,
monographs remain largely outside the growing digital
scholarly information infrastructure.@herrison | m.taylor@digital-science.com

Conclusions (2)● The challenges scholarly publishers face in adding open
access monographs to their publishing programmes
include issues with general discoverability and inclusion in
library catalogues. They also face the challenge of how to
measure the value and distribution of open access
materials, in the absence of sales data and difficulties
gaining usage data.
● Monographs famously collect citations at a slower rate
than journal-based research articles. Data in this report
from Altmetric shows that monographs also accrue impact
over a longer life cycle in a broader context, and show
higher rates of impact in policy documents and Wikipedia,
than equivalent journal-based articles.
● OA sheds a harsh light into how academic book publishing
is faring in its transition to a networked digital world, and
reveals dusty corners and dirty piles of laundry that we@herrison | m.taylor@digital-science.com

Conclusions (3)● The report shows how assessing the current state of open
access monograph publishing is particularly challenging, if
for no other reason than that the terrain is so messy — more
so even than it is for journal publishing.
● Key report recommendations for fully integrating
monographs into the digital scholarly information
infrastructure include:
○ Urging publishers to adopt DOIs at both a volume and,
preferably, chapter-level, that will support the discovery,
monitoring and impact of monographs across the increasingly
open scholarly infrastructure.
○ Recommending that distributors and aggregators make their
usage data available in interoperable and standard forms, and
support data aggregation and interoperability by consistent use of
DOIs.
○ That funders recognise the value that monographs contribute to
scholarship, and that they fund the move towards open access

Trends in Open Access
Monographs

Volume of Monograph Publishing
● To understand the relative adoption of Open Access in monograph
publishing, we need to know how many monographs are published per
year.
● This is not trivial: even a definition of
‘monograph’ is a challenge.
● In the white paper, we use three
different methods to calculate the
number of monographs published
per year, and came up with 86,000
for 2013.
● Initially, this seems like a large figure.
But our visibility of ‘monographs’ is
often skewed by our geographic,
lingual, disciplinary position.

Rate of Open Monograph Publishing
● Given that there isn’t a number for the volume of monographs published
per year, it’s not unsurprising that there isn’t a number for the volume of
Open monographs.
● Eg, the Directory of Open Access Books only holds records for 20,000
books.
● Using Dimensions, it’s possible to extract some
values for Monographs published per year, and
Open Monographs published per year.
● Challenges with extrapolation: from this data
we might conclude that 20% of monographs
are Open.
● That’s probably wrong, but quantifying it is
very complex: neither DOI adoption nor Open is
evenly distributed amongst monograph
publishers.@herrison | m.taylor@digital-science.com

Comparison with Journal Open Access

Conclusions
● OA publishing in journals is growing, and growing
consistently (although it’s no longer accelerating).
● Open Monographs appears to be static, although
this is a difficult conclusion, given the unknowns: it
might be growing, but (arguably) it’s falling behind
- in terms of proportion.
● There are a number of issues to explore:
○ DOI adoption,
○ Open Access license challenges,
○ Lack of funding,
○ Lack of visibility,
○ General pressure on academics to publish
“more measurable” outputs.

Economics

Overview of the market
● Journals revenue per year, estimated at $10B (https://www.stm-
assoc.org/2018_10_04_STM_Report_2018.pdf).
● Books revenue per year, estimated at £3.3B (reference, textbook, monograph,
collected works).
● Drilling down to monographs is challenging!
● (Having worked in a publisher that published all types, 10% feels like an appropriate
estimation…)

Funding and grants
● What is the cost of a monograph? According to Ithaka S+R, university monographs
estimate it to be $28-40k
● Sales have dropped, but costs have not.
● “The fee for existing open access options (ensuring all published material is converted
to XML, and then made available in html and PDF) for books currently averages
around £9,500, and we anticipate the average cost to make a book chapter open
access will be £1,800." (Wellcome Trust, 2013)
● UK Research Excellence Framework established a baseline OA Book Processing
Charge of £7500.
● Publisher BPCs vary from £5000-£11,000.
● The gap is forcing a closer look at the costs, funding and business models of
monograph publishing.

Funders associated with Open Monographs
● Data from Dimensions
○ FWF Austrian Science Fund
(FWF)
○ Economic and Social Research
Council (ESRC)
○ Engineering and Physical
Sciences Research Council
(EPSRC)
○ Wellcome Trust (WT)
○ National Institute of Mental
Health (NIMH)
○ Swiss National Science
Foundation (SNF)
○ National Natural Science@herrison | m.taylor@digital-science.com
Author affiliation by Country
Germany
3000
United States
2671
United Kingdom
2202
China
483
Italy
430
Canada
411
Australia
410
Switzerland
377
France
346
Sweden
279
Russia

Lifecycle issues
● Examples have shown that there is possibly a trend towards publishing “shorter,
faster”, even in Arts and Humanities.
● Possibly related to issues of evaluation, but possibly related to funding.
● This problem is accepted as an ongoing issue:
○ That research funds may be limited to a short period of time, eg, 2-3 years.
○ Writing up the research in a monograph may go beyond this time span.
○ University fundholders and researchers are not clear on whether a book can be
funded, if it’s going to be published after the funding period.
○ Unclarity of policy => uncertainty => overhead => ‘comfort zone’ publishing.
● Some publishers will issue an invoice for book processing earlier than normal to
accommodate this.
● Some funders are looking to address this and protect book processing charges.

‘Hybrid’ business model, and licensing
issues● Whereas ‘hybrid’ in the journal world describes journals that are both OA and
traditional, monographs have their own issues.
● It is normal practice to make an e-version available for free, but to continue to sell a
paper version.
● Some issues arise:
○ What is the appropriate cost of a paper version, how to apportion costs? (Most
publishers systems would struggle with this granularity)
○ What license would apply, and help maintain sustainable publishing?
■ eg, CC0 would mean anyone could do anything with the ebook.
■ Translations, reversioning etc.
● Sensitivities of Arts, Humanities etc are often different to STEM, and need to be
acknowledged and accommodated. Funders, publisher and other agencies need to
be aware of discipline differences.

Open Monographs -
evaluation, metrics and
Altmetric

The growing importance of data and metrics
● In the absence of sales figures, usage (downloads), citation and
shares will become increasingly important to show the impact of
Open Monographs.
● Free distribution, and fragmentation of platform data implies that
download data is likely to be partial (at best).
● Existing research evaluation strategies tend to be fine-tuned towards
STEM subjects and focus on the research article.
● Monographs and Open Monographs “dance to a different tune”.

Is there a citation or Altmetric advantage for
Open?● This phenomena has been observed in journals / articles.
● A superficial look at Dimensions / Altmetric data suggests there’s an advantage.
● Data for History and Archaeology Monographs, published in 2014-2016, with 257
Open Monographs and 6651 non-Open Monographs suggests it is worth research:
2014 2015 2016
Non-Open Altmetric
Coverage (%)
19.7% 16.7% 15.9%
Open Altmetric Coverage (%) 37.7% 26.9% 46.6%
2014 2015 2016
Non-Open Mean Citations (N
= 6651)
4.85 2.01 1.37
Open Mean Citations (N =
257)
5.15 2.68 1.91
History
and
Archaeolo
gy

2014 2015 2016
Non-Open Altmetric
Coverage (%)
16.30% 16.30% 16.30%
2014 2015 2016
= 4843)
8.98 3.00 1.32
265)
12.54 4.24 2.83
2014 2015 2016
Non-Open Altmetric
Coverage (%)
16.40% 17.40% 18.30%
2014 2015 2016
= 5514)
8.15 4.21 2.27
265)
10.18 8.11 4.48
Studies in
Human
Society
Communicati
on, Language
and Culture

One Graph:
Three
Phenomena!
1) Clear disciplinary
differences
2) Monograph citations
accrue slowly
3) Possible Open advantage

A three-year research
evaluation cycle is not
well suited to
monographs
Three years old Five years old

Research evaluation at 3 years disadvantages
monographs

Research evaluation and the Open
Monograph● Monographs and Open Monographs “dance to a different tune”,
when compared to STEM subjects and research articles.
● The strengths of monographs, and advantages to Open Monographs
become apparent over time.
● Short period research evaluation disadvantages both Monographs
(as a whole) and Open Monographs.
● Trust needs to be built in citations, Altmetric data, downloads in order
to displace sales figures.
● Conversations about the impact of Open Monographs need to evolve
to more appropriate data indicators and metrics.

Overview

In summary
● Monographs play a key role in the development of intellectual thought.
● They are disproportionately important for discipline (Arts, Humanities, Social
Sciences, non-English languages and non-north/west hemisphere countries.
● Open Monographs have higher usage rates, citation rates and appear to have higher
Altmetric shares: they are more impactful.
● However, fragmentation of metadata and usage data may relatively harm their
discovery, usage and adoption.
● Funding policies need to be adapted to support the monograph life-cycle, and
shouldn’t inadvertently push researchers towards ‘short form’ research outputs.
● We will lose far more than we gain, if we don’t actively take steps to ensure
appropriate funding and evaluation of Open Monographs.

7878
4.0
OA books and open knowledge infrastructures
Catherine Ahearn
Content Lead, PubPub
MIT Knowledge Futures Group

How MIT is Reimagining OA Books and
Open Knowledge Infrastructure
Catherine Ahearn, PhD
Content Lead, PubPub
MIT Knowledge Futures Group
Explore Open Access Books
Boston, MA
19 September 2019

A joint initiative of the MIT Press and the MIT Media Lab
to develop and deploy technologies that form part of a new open
knowledge ecosystem.

KFG.mit.edu
- Support for mission-driven
publishers
- Assert institutional ownership
of publishing technologies
and platforms
- Bring like-minded groups and
individuals together

Mind the Gap:
A Landscape Analysis of Open Source
Publishing Tools and Platforms
https://mindthegap.pubpub.org/

Explore communities:
PubPub.com/explore

Value in Experimentation
➔ Redefining the digital reading experience
➔ Supporting the development and evolution of new ideas
➔ Introducing transparency and openness in the review
process to provide greater value to authors and readers

OA Books
➔ Completed, published works
➔ Open peer review of contracted titles
➔ Open peer review of uncontracted titles

Frankenbook
➔ Edition for the 200th anniversary (2018) of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein published by
the MIT Press in 2017
➔ Frankenbook published in January 2018 on PubPub
◆ Additional annotations from the editors
◆ Multimedia embeds in the text and annotation
◆ Labels added to annotations for tailored reading
◆ Functionality for use in classrooms
◆ Community discussion around the text
➔ Currently has 420 discussions and over 7,000 visits

Data Feminism
➔ Data Feminism is a contracted manuscript by Catherine D’Ignazio and Lauren Klein
➔ Available for peer-to-peer review and to be published by the MIT Press as part of the
<strong>Ideas series
◆ All titles in the <strong>Ideas series will be open access and published on
PubPub with support from the MIT Libraries
➔ Had over 500 comments and over 3,000 visits at the close of open review

Works in Progress
➔ Works in Progress (WiP) are written works in early stages of development that
would benefit from an open peer review process.
➔ Provides authors the benefit of community feedback in the development of their
ideas, as well as the ability to publish a version of their work before more formal
publication.
➔ After the open review period, authors may revise the work and submit it for
consideration for formal publication. The MIT Press will have first right of refusal, and
all submitted manuscripts will be subject to our usual rigorous peer review.

Harvard Data Science Review
➔ Harvard-based publication published by the MIT Press on PubPub
➔ Launched on July 2, 2019
➔ Informed many of PubPub’s latest updates and the launch of the platform’s 7th
version
◆ Focused on article-view design
◆ Incorporates interactive data visualizations
◆ More customization features

Challenges in Experimentation
➔ Community engagement
➔ Community moderation
➔ Funding models
➔ Creating new workflows and/or integrating with existing
ones

Collaboration
➔ Create your own community
◆ Anyone can create a community or contribute to an existing one at no cost
➔ Provide us feedback
◆ All of our code is openly available on GitHub
◆ You can reach our team at team@pubpub.org
➔ Stay connected
◆ Sign up for our newsletter and follow us on Twitter
@pubpub & @knowledgefuture

Thank you.
Catherine Ahearn, PhD
catherine@knowledgefutures.org
@publicreations
@pubpub | @knowledgefuture
pubpub.org | kfg.mit.edu

9797
The story behind the image
Marie Curie (1867–1934)
In a scientific world still dominated by men, Marie Curie
shone not only as an extraordinary pioneer in the field of
radioactivity, but also as a trailblazing female scientist. A
French-Polish chemist and physicist, Curie discovered two
new elements, polonium and radium, and revolutionised
our understanding of radioactivity, the process by which
unstable atoms decay by emitting energy in the form of
radiation. The first person of either gender to win or share
two Nobel Prizes, Curie is one of the most renowned
scientists of a generation, whose influences can be seen
throughout many areas of modern science, from particle
physics to medicine.
Thank you
Don’t forget to…
 complete our post-event survey
 follow us on Twitter @SN_OAbooks
 send your open access book proposal and
questions to OAbooks@springernature.com

Explore open access books - Springer Nature & Digital Science event in Boston (2019-09)

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