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A guide to Portfolio analysis - tools to help you improve
1.
Copyright © SpringTide
Consulting Ltd 2011 www.SpringTideLtd.co.uk Mike Utting www.SpringTideLtd.co.uk Portfolio Analysis Leverage Strategic Routine Bottleneck
2.
Copyright © SpringTide
Consulting Ltd 2011 www.SpringTideLtd.co.uk Quick Summary • The first Portfolio matrix was described by Fisher in 1970 and later refined by Kraljic in 1983 and applied to procurement • Portfolio Analysis is used to identify optimal strategies for category sourcing, based on an assessment of two of the most critical factors affecting a supply market: – sourcing complexity or risk – spend impact relative to the buying organisation’s total spend • Plotting these two elements in a four-box matrix enables overall strategy to be determined and action plans developed for each spend category • This ensures that category management is proactive rather than reactive
3.
Copyright © SpringTide
Consulting Ltd 2011 www.SpringTideLtd.co.uk He who every morning plans the transactions of the day and follows out that plan carries a thread that will guide him through the maze of the most busy life. But where no plan is laid, where the disposal of time is surrendered merely to the chance of incidence, chaos will soon reign. – Victor Hugo Portfolio Analysis: Spend Segmentation Tool
4.
Copyright © SpringTide
Consulting Ltd 2011 www.SpringTideLtd.co.uk Portfolio Analysis is an essential tool to inform strategy • Categorises all spend, indicating – the best approach to negotiation – where risk management plans need to be established – the best use of internal resource to deliver results • matching of buyer skills to each quadrant • distribution of workload across the team • phased strategic plan – those categories where supplier relationships need • developing • changing • removing – the necessity for business-wide adoption of sourcing strategy
5.
Copyright © SpringTide
Consulting Ltd 2011 www.SpringTideLtd.co.uk Do you adopt the same approach to everything you buy?
6.
Copyright © SpringTide
Consulting Ltd 2011 www.SpringTideLtd.co.uk Portfolio Analysis acts as a filter Sourcing Strategy Complexity Low spend High spend
7.
Copyright © SpringTide
Consulting Ltd 2011 www.SpringTideLtd.co.uk The Spend Segmentation tool is driven by key dynamics • Sourcing Complexity – How difficult is it to buy the product/service? – Have we internally restricted our options? • Relative Spend – of the product/service compared with the total spend By plotting these two elements in a matrix, an overall strategy can be determined and an action plan developed for each category of spend. Category management becomes proactive rather than reactive.
8.
Copyright © SpringTide
Consulting Ltd 2013 www.SpringTideLtd.co.uk Two dynamics make it more difficult for you • External • Internal People Culture Process Values
9.
Copyright © SpringTide
Consulting Ltd 2011 www.SpringTideLtd.co.uk How do you think these EXTERNAL factors make it more difficult for you to buy?
10.
Copyright © SpringTide
Consulting Ltd 2011 www.SpringTideLtd.co.uk Sourcing complexity/risk: external factors How competitive is the market? Political: does the government intervene? Tariffs... Can we create competition? Economic: how do exchange rates impact LCCS? Who are the potential new entrants? Social: what are the ethical issues around buying from third world? Are ‘substitutes’ available, now and future? Technological: who has the competitive edge, is this a constant? Should we make an acquisition/integrate? Legislative: what new regulations will impact suppliers? Are there dominant suppliers: monopoly? Environmental: what is the carbon footprint? Supply v demand – local v global Is there supplier dominance: collusion? Do exclusive channels to market exist? Who owns the tooling? Are there Intellectual Property issues? What are the switching costs? Is make/buy an option? What is the capacity across the chain? Are there inherent risks: too many steps? How many suppliers do we need to ensure continuity of supply? What investment is made: are we reaching obsolescence? Can we lessen the difficulty through aggregation?
11.
Copyright © SpringTide
Consulting Ltd 2011 www.SpringTideLtd.co.uk But if all that is OK Availability Capacity Free market Competing players That makes it easy – right?
12.
Copyright © SpringTide
Consulting Ltd 2011 www.SpringTideLtd.co.uk Not necessarily... How might your organisation make sourcing difficult for you?
13.
Copyright © SpringTide
Consulting Ltd 2011 www.SpringTideLtd.co.uk Sourcing complexity/risk: internal factors Have we designed the product/service around a supplier’s solution? Are there termination rights within the contract? Are suppliers using our test facility to launch new products? Do framework agreements prevent use of alternative suppliers? Who owns the intellectual property? Are internal costs of manufacture understood? Do we have design capability internally? Is there a tendency to buy domestic products? What propensity is there to assume ‘risk’ for the design? Do prequalification requirements preclude some suppliers? How can you remove references to ‘brands’ and trademarks? Are there caps on the term of the contract that can be offered? Is the standard being used widely known? Will certain clauses (payment terms) deter some suppliers? Do people understand what is to be purchased? Are there undue preference and prejudice towards a supplier? Is there ‘tunnel’ vision clouding the bigger picture? Have you switched supplier before a few years ago and it failed? Are ‘egos’ an issue that needs to be overcome? Perhaps the total cost of ownership is not clear Are Business Needs v Business Wants being clouded? Do we have suppliers that we refuse to do business with? What customer/ industry requirements apply? Are you regarded as an ‘attractive’ client?
14.
Copyright © SpringTide
Consulting Ltd 2011 www.SpringTideLtd.co.uk Now let’s consider our spend • Intuitively we know whether we are spending a lot of money on a category – or do we? • Using directional spend relative to total spend is fine as an indicator – pareto can help
15.
Copyright © SpringTide
Consulting Ltd 2011 www.SpringTideLtd.co.uk Plotting these on the Spend Segmentation tool informs appropriate strategy Easy Sourcing complexity/risk Difficult HighSpendimpact(£)Low Bottleneck Routine Leverage Strategic Save money Manage risk Standardise and aggregate Gain competitive advantage
16.
Copyright © SpringTide
Consulting Ltd 2011 www.SpringTideLtd.co.uk Think how you would categorise these now? Leverage Strategic Routine Bottleneck
17.
Copyright © SpringTide
Consulting Ltd 2011 www.SpringTideLtd.co.uk A category might be split and fit into more than one quadrant Leverage • Air • Hotels • Car rental Strategic • Agency Routine • Taxis • Meals • Sea Bottleneck • Rail Supply market Aggregation Consolidation Relationship Sourcing strategy will be driven by some key factors
18.
Copyright © SpringTide
Consulting Ltd 2011 www.SpringTideLtd.co.uk It is so important to get this right... Leverage Strategic Check – was the journey to strategic planned? Check – can we get strategic/competitive advantage? Check – is it sustainable? Check – is the business aligned? Check – is the supplier on board?
19.
Copyright © SpringTide
Consulting Ltd 2011 www.SpringTideLtd.co.uk Routine: make things simple • Effort minimisation, efficiency maximisation • Decrease in number of suppliers • Simplification of requisition process • Clustering – into Leverage Aims • Task orientation, simplification • Limitation of buyer– supplier relationships to no more than Approved • Minimisation of contractual commitments • Provision of management information by suppliers Approach • Use of e-sourcing tools • Product standardisation • Inter-divisional volume aggregation and data sharing • Simplification of procurement process • Outsourcing of spend: e.g. FM • Use of catalogues Actions
20.
Copyright © SpringTide
Consulting Ltd 2011 www.SpringTideLtd.co.uk Leverage: optimise your strength • Effective use of buying power • Maximisation of specifications and performance • Minimisation of unit price • Avoidance of inadvertent move into the Strategic quadrant • 1–2-year aggregation opportunities Aims • Absence of long-term contracts • Blanket orders • Development of new approaches • Avoidance of long-term relationships • Maintenance of simplicity • Maximisation of discounts Approach • Use of extensive Conditioning • Tough negotiation • Numerous techniques • Unpredictable behaviour • Frequent changes • Rotation of categories • Rejection of price increases • Market monitoring Actions
21.
Copyright © SpringTide
Consulting Ltd 2011 www.SpringTideLtd.co.uk Bottleneck: manage the risk • Guarantees of product/ plant availability • Consideration of make- or-buy options and alternative sourcing solutions • Removal of criticality • Substitution • Forecasting to assess dependencies Aims • Use of detailed financial skills • Influencing of Business Needs • Creative options generation • Establishment of closer buyer–supplier relationships • Sophisticated stakeholder engagement models Approach • Application of Risk and Vulnerability Analysis • Extensive sourcing activity • Extensionofnoticeperiods • Knowledgeofsubstitutes • Long-term agreements • Monitoring of the market and suppliers • Useoffront-endpackage pricing,contractingoptions • Application of Specification Challenge • Reassessment of customer needs • Consolidation with Leverage items to improve leverage • Inventory generation • Testing of alternatives Actions
22.
Copyright © SpringTide
Consulting Ltd 2011 www.SpringTideLtd.co.uk Strategic: get what you deserve • Achievement of competitive advantage • Decrease in total cost of ownership, continuous innovation • Consideration of joint ventures • Commitment to relationships • Obtain competitor intelligence Aims • Participation in joint ventures, partnerships, mutual exclusivity arrangements • Establishment of long-term, detailed agreements • Shared vision Approach • Long-term relationships framed by appropriate termination clauses • Sharing of resources (money, people, technology) • Clear understanding of supply chain and opportunities • Absence of threatening behaviour • Application of cost modelling, open-book costing • Performance measurement • Use of principled price clauses and negotiations • Development of suppliers to expand the market; approval of alternative sources Actions
23.
Copyright © SpringTide
Consulting Ltd 2011 www.SpringTideLtd.co.uk So... • Plan your sourcing and functional strategy to – consider the market place – recognise constraints – avoid suboptimal relationships – capture team strengths – negotiate appropriately • Which will – reduce risk – save money – raise profile – generate focus
24.
Copyright © SpringTide
Consulting Ltd 2011 www.SpringTideLtd.co.uk Want to know more? • Develop an in-depth understanding • Learn how to apply Portfolio Analysis to your organisation • Get advice on creating an action plan • Download a free copy of our Portfolio Analysis Handbook
25.
Copyright © SpringTide
Consulting Ltd 2011 www.SpringTideLtd.co.uk Want to know more? • Develop an in-depth understanding • Learn how to apply Portfolio Analysis to your organisation • Get advice on creating an action plan • Download a free copy of our Portfolio Analysis Handbook
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