IndiaWest: Your Trusted Source for Today's Global News
Pdi day02
1. WELCOME BACK !
Enjoy your dinner. We will start soon
with feedback from anyone who did
some mojo last night or today …
2. Overview of tonight
1. Some background about sunset and sunrise
media industries (context for change)
2. Apps for reporting
3. Storybuilding case study
4. Multi-media / mojo reporting techniques
5. Q&A
3. SOME THOUGHTS ON THE
FUTURE OF JOURNALISM
A presentation to journalists at the
Philippine Daily Inquirer Company
Manila, 5 October 2011
Stephen Quinn, PhD
sraquinn@gmail.com Notes at squinn.org
4. Workshops in Asian region
• Asian Center for Journalism, Manila
• Asian News Network, Bangkok
• Asia-Pacific Institute for Broadcasting
Development, Kuala Lumpur
• Malaysian Press Institute
• Nation Group, Bangkok
• Seoul Press Club
• Cambodian Club of Journalists, Phnom Penh
• Nanyang Technological Uni, Singapore
• Various Indian universities
6. Business of journalism: USA
US daily newspapers
16%
70%
production: 70%
editorial: 14%
marketing: 16%
14%
7. Business of journalism: Oz
Daily newspapers in Australia
20%
production
editorial
62%
marketing
18%
8. Business of journalism: China
Chinese daily newspapers
30%
35%
production: 35%
editorial: 35%
marketing: 30%
35%
9. Why talk abut these things?
• Media are businesses; need to make profit to
survive. Also need audiences
• Exceptions: public broadcasters and some
trusts (eg Scott Trust for The Guardian)
• Does anyone know breakdown of costs for
Filipino newspapers?
10. What this means at NYTimes
• Print/distribution: $US 795 million
– Newsprint $US 65 million
• Editorial: $US 245 million (under a third
of production costs)
• Numbers from 2009; editorial moneys have
probably declined since
11. Audiences getting older
• Average age of US TV audiences: 57
• NBC, 56 years; ABC, 59; CBS, 61; CNN, 62
• Average age of US newspaper reader:
53 years.
– For Australian newspapers: 50
– For Filipino newspapers: ?
12. More on audience change
• Median age of US population 37 versus
newspaper reader: 53
• Median age in Philippines?
• Australia: media age of population 36
versus newspaper reader: 50
• Median age Australian online audience:
22.5 years (more on that later)
13. Media consumption in Australia
100%
smh/theage page impressions
% Listen to the radio
% Use the internet
% Read a magazine
% Watch TV
% Read a newspaper
800000
90%
700000
80%
600000
70%
500000
60%
Page Impressions
% of Population
50%
400000
40%
300000
30%
200000
20%
100000
10%
0%
0
13
14. What previous slide suggests
• Australian read newspapers in morning and
listen to radio. TV has small audience
• Online at work and / or home all hours of day.
Peak use in business hours. Broadband access a
key uptake factor
• Television gets big audiences after 6pm
• Mobile news: anywhere and anytime. But
becoming popular 7am-9am for commuters and
business people
• Question: How can a media company reach all
consumer segments?
• Answer: multiple platforms or convergence
14
15. Likely future …
• Move to digital: From newspapers that
have websites, to great websites that have
associated print products
• Focus on strengths of media platforms
• For example: Print will focus on analytical
content, in longer form (why and how).
Online will focus on breaking news and
multimedia (what, when and where)
16. Newsflow across platforms
Diagram courtesy of
WAN / Ifra
Audience / target groups
Mobile alert
Mobile
Online
Broadcast
Print
Updates
Lead story
Breaking
news online
AGC
News flash
Report
AGC
Analysis
The brand of the media house/editorial
AGC = audience
generated content
News event
Cross reference
17. What does this mean for you?
• Journalists must understand strengths and
weaknesses of main reporting platforms
1. Print (newspaper and magazine)
2. Broadcast (radio and television)
3. Online
4. Mobile/tablets
• Journalists must understand when audiences
take different media
17
18. Group exercise
• Break into 4 groups
• Produce a list of the strengths and
weaknesses for journalism of the media
platform you are assigned
• One person in group will report back
• You have 20 minutes …
19. Modern reporters need to:
1. Understand strengths and
weaknesses of four media forms
(helps us choose most appropriate
way to tell our stories)
2. Understand their audiences
3. Develop multimedia mindset
4. Understand power of new
newsgathering tools, and new
software
19
20. Modern reporters need to:
1. Some will need to know how to work like a
wire service reporter
– balance of speed and accuracy; many deadlines
– appreciate continuous nature of news cycles
2. Concentrate on “craft mastery” but
appreciate different writing styles and be
able to work across platforms
3. Develop depth of knowledge in one subject
• “T” learning
20
21. Why this approach?
• Modern reporting is based on the story
• The news values/characteristics of
the story influences way news reported
– A routine story such as news conference requires basic
form of reporting, and one reporter
– But a big fire in a block of apartments needs another
form of reporting because of the nature of the story
• Needs constant discussion about how you will tell
each story
21
22. Why this approach?
• Journalists need to think about who is
going to hear / read / see their story
• Ask: Who is the audience for this story?
• What is the most appropriate platform?
• The audience influences the way news is
reported
22
24. Aussies aged 18-22
• All have mobile phone
• Surveyed annually 2006 to 2009
n (2009) = 245; 51% response, 2006-09
• Use phone more for text than talk
• 9 / 10 (89%) take photos with phone
• Half (53%) send photos from phone
25. Aussies aged 18-22
• 7 / 10 (73%) shoot video with phone
• 1 / 5 (19%) send videos from phone
• 2 / 5 (43%) access Internet from phone
• 4 / 5 (80%) happy to receive advertising
26. Twitter and Facebook use
• Student survey August-September 2010
• 75% students have Twitter accounts (before
required by teacher)
– 4 / 5 female
• All had Facebook account
27. Online Asians aged 8-24 multi-task*
• On average day Asians^ aged 8-24 will
– Email 56.2 minutes
* They sleep about 8
– Social networking 69.4 minutes
hours, yet manage to
squeeze 30 hours of
– Instant messaging 134.2 minutes
activity into 16
– Other Internet activities 111.1 minutes waking hours
• Total 6 hours and 10.8 minutes
^ Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines,
South Korea, China, India, Japan and Vietnam
Source: Synovate Young Asians 2008 Target Report
28. What media do you trust?
Recommendations from
friends/family: 54%
Newspaper
adverts: 16%
Source: TNS Media 2009 (China, HK, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand)
30. Future journalism must embrace
• Social media
• Multiple platforms to reach many audiences
– Multimedia
• Mobility (remember the audience)
• Become entrepreneurial (think brand)
31. Case study from Norway
HOW SCHIBSTED WORKS
WITH THE AUDIENCE
34. Newsdesk at Aftenposten
Newsdesk at Aftenposten, Oslo. Aftenposten (though a
tabloid) is a serious daily. Shared newsroom with a
circular news desk.
35. VG: Norway’s most popular tabloid
Integrated newspaper (print
and online)
Tabloid size but serious
content
Lots of content from
audience, who are paid
36. Editorial numbers at VG
• Note: shared newsroom with news hub
• VG (print) 160 journalists; about half work
as reporters
• VG.no (online) 50 editorial staff but 40
work as reporters
37. VG.no Norway’s most popular web site
Online site very popular: 77%
of Norwegians read VG.no
online each month
86% of traffic goes through the
home page
Home page banner advert
worth 210,000 NOK/ 24 hours
39. One person monitors social media
All 40 VG reporters
have Twitter and
Facebook accounts
linked to byline
Editor-in-chief Espen
Egil Hansen expects
reporters to spent 20%
of time each week with
social media
51. Levels of multi-media reporting
• Three levels of multi- 1. Breaking news
media reporting, with 2. Multi platform coverage
breaking news as the of story (“storybuilding”)
first level
3. Long form (feature)
• The mojo allows news
Other tools available for
web sites to get multi-
more sophisticated forms
media of breaking
of multi-media
news online quickly
52. Recent examples of level 1
• Burma protests; aftermath of Iranian
elections; Urumqi riots; Jakarta bombings;
Haiti earthquake; Moscow subway
bombings; Japan tsunami
• Useful for isolated locations
– AlJazeera mojos in Niger and Mali in Africa
• CBS TV journalist used iPhone to do first
live cross in July 2009
53. What mojo offers …
• Breaking news: Mojo gives online sites
multi-media almost live …
– Video, audio and still photos plus text
• Mojo via iPhone offers quality multi-media
slideshows, audio and video …
• Mojo allows reporters to get exclusives
because controllers/authorities do not
believe interview is taking place …
54. A case study from Australia
• No one-on-one interviews
• I got the only individual
interview with player
• Player thought I was just
chatting …
• I streamed live video to
paper’s web site in seconds
• It was an exclusive
57. “It was a dark and stormy night” Edward Bulwer Lytton*
First report that a large ship was close to running aground on Newcastle beach,
160km north of Sydney, came from the news desk at 10.15am on Friday, 8
June 2007. It was the start of a 3-day weekend (Monday was a public holiday)
The first story (2 sentences) went online a few minutes later.
At the top of the story was an invitation to readers to send pictures or videos
via the Scoop email address. Scoop is a blue button on all news pages of the
Sydney Morning Herald with an email address.
*This is generally regarded as the worst
introduction to a novel ever written. But it
seems appropriate for this story
57
61. A reader sent a link to their YouTube site
• Meanwhile reporters Jano Gibson,
Erik Jensen and David Braithwaite
continued to update the story from
Sydney.
• The editor of The Newcastle
Herald, Rod Quinn, filed quotes
from the beach to one of the
reporters. These were included in
the story.
• The multimedia news team did a
second interview with Rod Quinn.
This audio was added to the site.
61
62. Photo-gallery from contributed pictures
Multimedia editor Kim Porteous built a photo-gallery from the
readers’ pictures that came by email to Scoop plus pictures from
Newcastle Herald photographers: Photogallery
This was soon converted into a slideshow (built with Soundslides). It
was a silent slideshow at first.
Then it was updated with an interview with Newcastle Herald reporter
Greg Wendt.
The best and latest images were added to the slideshow during the
day.
62
63. Bad weather spread across the entire state of NSW*
Reporters updated the main
story as the wild weather
continued.
Two other ships narrowly
missed running aground.
The Pasha Bulker crew
rescued from the ship.
Concerns the ship was
leaking fuel and posed an
environmental risk.
*New South Wales contains a
third of Australia’s The site moved to a larger
population, so the story presentation of the story
about 2pm (see image).
impacted on many people
63
64. Many weather-related stories appeared on the site
A second photo-gallery of wild weather in Sydney put on the site later in the
day: Wild weather photo gallery
Then a separate story about a couple reportedly being washed away in their
four-wheel-drive in the Hunter region of the state
About 5pm reports from the ambulance service that as many as nine people
had been swept away by flood waters
At 7pm a photograph of the collapsed road came through and was blended
with the story of the missing family: Highway collapse
64
65. The bad weather continued for two more days
The site continued to update the stories throughout the night and for the next
two days
Online reporter David Braithwaite recorded audio about the floods around
Maitland, 50km from Newcastle, and this was turned into a slide show:
Flood slideshow
The site also linked to a Coastwatch livecam for the rescue operation
65
66. Lessons learned from this story
• Producing stories with multimedia elements is a team effort
• The audience is happy to contribute to the story
• Reporters break the story with a few words via their mobile telling what
happened …
• Vital to plan ahead and communicate – reporters on the scene need to tell
the newsdesk if they think a story can benefit from a video or a graphic
online
• Getting right people to the right places can take some time to organise, so
the earlier everyone knows what is happening the better.
66
67. Lessons learned at Fairfax Media
• Debate and communication vital
– People need time to accept the change from
mono-media to multi-media working
– Some need chance to vent their feelings
• Training never ends (lifelong learning)
• Need to work on processes appropriate for a 24-
hour newsroom
– Constant deadlines
67
68. Lessons learned at Fairfax Media
• Newsroom structure influences information flow
• Need for one conductor in a converged newsroom
• Web first policy … but keep occasional exclusive for
paper
• Filing online and building the story produces more
angles through audience feedback
68
69. MOJO reporting techniques
• Interviews: Get close so the person fills the
screen (in TV language, think close up).
This also ensures you get good sound
• Speak slowly and clearly when you ask
questions
• Shoot outside as much as possible. If you
have to shoot inside, put subject sideways
by a window (not in front of it) and use the
light from the window.
70. MOJO reporting techniques
• Avoid sudden movements -- images tend to
get blurred (but OK if you want to suggest
action)
• Better to choose a location and let action
come to you
• Watch videos at International Center for
Journalists: http://www.icfj.org/
71. Other options: Flip camera
• Flip camera makes it • HD version of Flip
all so easy …
available since May 2009
72. Skype for reporting
• Video interviews via
skype, plus CallRecorder
• Drop video into editing
package
