3. Hardware
Computer hardware is the collection of physical elements that constitute
a computer system.
Computer hardware refers to the physical parts or components of a computer
such as monitor, keyboard, Computer data storage, hard drive disk, mouse, CPU
(graphic cards, sound cards, memory, motherboard and chips), etc. all of which are
physical objects that you can actually touch. In contrast
5. software
Computer software, or just software, is any set of machine-readable
instructions (most often in the form of a computer program) that directs a
computer's processor to perform specific operations.
The term is used to contrast with computer hardware, the physical objects
(processor and related devices) that carry out the instructions
8. Types of Software
System Software
Application Software
Open source Software and
Proprietary Software
9. System Software:
System software (or systems software) is computer
software designed to operate and control the computer
hardware and to provide a platform for
running application software
Operating System is a software, which makes a
computer to actually work.
It is the software the enables all the programs we use
Examples: Windows, Linux, Unix and Mac OS, etc.,
11. Open Source Software:
Open source software (OSS) is computer software
whose source code is available under a license that
permits users to use, change, and improve the software,
and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified form.
It is often developed in a public, collaborative manner.
Well-known OSS products are Linux, Netscape, Apache,
etc.,
12. Proprietary Software:
Proprietary software (also called non-free
software) is software with restrictions on using,
copying and modifying as enforced by the proprietor.
Restrictions on use, modification and copying is
achieved by either legal or technical means and
sometimes both.
Proponents of proprietary software are Microsoft.
Ex: CAD, Nortan Antivirus etc.,
13. Application Software:
In information technology, an application is a computer program designed
to help people perform an activity.
An application thus differs from an operating system (which runs a
computer), a utility (which performs maintenance or general-purpose
chores), and a programming tools (with which computer programs are
created).
Depending on the activity for which it was designed, an application can
manipulate text, numbers, graphics, or a combination of these elements.
Some application packages offer considerable computing power by
focusing on a single task, such as word processing others,
15. Application Software:
Word Processors:
Word processing is a tool that helps user in creating,
editing, and printing documents. Word processors will
normally have the following capabilities built into them:
Spell checking
Standard layouts for normal documents
Have some characters appear in bold print,
italics, or underlined
Center lines, make text line up on the left side
of the paper, or the right side of the paper
Save the document so it can be used again
print the document.
Examples: WordPerfect and Microsoft Word
16. Application Software
Spreadsheets: The spreadsheet packages are
designed to use numbers and formulas to do
calculations with ease. Examples of spreadsheets
include:
Budgets
Payrolls
Grade Calculations
Address Lists
The most commonly used spreadsheet programs are
Microsoft Excel and Lotus 123.
17. Application Software
Graphic Presentations: The presentation
programs can make giving presentations and using
overheads easier. Other uses include:
Slide Shows
Repeating Computer Presentations on a
computer monitor
Using Sound and animation in slide shows
The most recognized graphic presentation programs are
Microsoft PowerPoint and Harvard Graphics.
18. Application Software
Database Management System (DBMS):
A DBMS is a software tool that allows multiple users to
store, access, and process data into useful information.
Database programs are designed for these types of
applications:
Membership lists
Student lists
Grade reports
Instructor schedules
All of these have to be maintained so you can find what
you need quickly and accurately.
Example:Microsoft Access, dBASE, Oracle.