TRANSONIC COMBUSTION in IC Engines provide 50% increase in efficiency using fuel.

1. Guided by :
HARI VIJAYAN
Asst. Professor
Mechanical Dept.
TRANSONIC COMBUSTION
in
IC ENGINE
Presented by:
ANILKUMAR G
S7 MECHANICAL
151344081

2. Introduction
Transonic combustion & principle
Supercritical Fluid
Advantages and Disadvantages.
Conclusion
References.
CONTENTS
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3.  Internal combustion engine (ICE).
It is an Engine in which Combustion of fuel occurs inside the
Combustion Chamber.
 Efficiency of IC Engine.
 Losses that affects Efficiency
 Exhaust Emission.
INTRODUCTION
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4. THERMAL LOSSES
Engine Losses - 62.4 %
Idling Losses - 17.2 %
Accessories - 2.2 %
Driveline Losses - 5.6 %
Aerodynamic Drag - 2.6 %
Rolling Resistance - 4.2 %
Inertia; Braking Losses - 5.8 %
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5. EXHAUST EMISSIONS
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6. TRANSONIC COMBUSTION
Supercritical fuel injection system.
Combination of Injection and Ignition process.
Short delay period.
Independent of air-fuel ratio.
Double efficiency compared to current gasoline engines.
Rapid air-fuel mixing and fast combustion.
Injection of fuel is delayed and takes place after tdc.6

7. Fuel is heated beyond thermodynamic critical point.
Fuel injection is using a specially designed fuel injector.
Heating takes place with the help of exhaust gas heat recovery and
electrical heating.
Prevent droplet diffusion burns & partial combustion near the
cylinder walls.
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8. Substance at a temperature & pressure above its critical point.
It is not a solid liquid or gas.
Have properties between those of a liquid and gas.
It has no surface tension.
Small changes in temperature & pressure results in large changes in
density.
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PHASE DIAGRAM

10. INJECTION OF FUEL
NORMAL SUPERCRITICAL
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12. BASIC COMPONENTS OF TSCi SYSTEM
ECU
High pressure fuel pump.
Fuel conditioning module.
Heat exchanger.
Fuel rails.
Fuel injectors.
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FCM

14.  The quantity of fuel injected into
each cylinder per engine cycle.
 Variable cam timing (VCT).
 Monitors air conditioning.
 The ECU controls other
parameters by monitoring the
engine through sensors including
throttle position sensors, air
temperature sensors, engine
coolant temperature sensors and
other sensors
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Source : www.fppt.info

15. FUNCTIONS OF ECU
Variable valve timing control.
Idle speed control.
Fuel injection.
Error detection.
Monitoring temperature and other sensors
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16. HIGH PRESSURE FUEL PUMP
An electric fuel pump.
It has high safety.
The ECU communicates to the fuel pump for a precise fuel
mixture and amount of fuel in the tank.
The fuel pump calculates appropriate refueling mixtures that
are compatible with the remaining fuel in the tank and the
vehicle's operational capabilities.
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18. FUEL CONDITIONING MODULE
Technology based on the discovery that high powered magnets
placed in a particular pattern on fuel feed lines cause the fuel to
burn at a higher temperature and more efficiently.
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19. HEAT EXCHANGER
Equipment built for efficient heat transfer from one medium to another.
Uses heat from exhaust gases to heat the fuel. Generally tubular heat
exchanger is used.
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20. FUEL RAIL (COMMON RAIL)
A pipe (usually resembling a rail) used to deliver fuel to
individual fuel injectors.
It is designed to have a pocket or seat for each injector as well
as an inlet for a fuel supply
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21. When signalled by the ECU the fuel injector opens and sprays
the pressurised supercritical fuel into the engine.
The duration that the injector is open (called the pulse width)
is proportional to the amount of fuel delivered.
The fuel injector is mounted substantially in the center of the
cylinder head of the combustion chamber.
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22. Improved fuel efficiency
Lower green house emission
Multi-fuel compatible
 About 50 % increase in efficiency.
 Perfect combustion of fuel.
 Pollution is reduced to a greater extent because of perfect combustion.
 Knocking is eliminated.
 Engine life is increased.
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23.  Might be Costly.
 Supercritical fluid extraction is quite difficult.
 Need regular maintenance.
 If ECU goes wrong somehow efficiency affects.
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24. CONCLUSION
By eliminating the ignition system and introducing a completely
redesigned fuel injection system, TSCi (Injector-Ignition) realize a 50%
increase in efficiency.
With the influence of supercritical fluid enhances a complete combustion
and there by increases engine efficiency and reduces the emissions.
 When tested under lab conditions the losses associated with these IC
engines were drastically reduced.
 The transonic combustion engine technology would improve fuel economy
by far and also reduce exhaust emission.
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25. De Boer, C., Chang, J., and Shetty, S., "Transonic Combustion - A Novel
Injection-Ignition System for Improved Gasoline Engine Efficiency," SAE
Technical Paper 2010-01-2110, 2010, doi:10.4271/2010-01-2110.
Bottini, Susana. "Preface." The Journal of Supercritical Fluids 45. 2.June
2008 133. 27 May http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/08968446.
Dixon, D. J. and Johnston, K.P., "Supercritical Fluids," In Encyclopedia of
Separation Technology; Ruthven, D.M., Editor, John Wiley, 1997, 1544-
1569.
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