social pathology is a frequently debated topic with no proper leads. Here i had summarised for better understanding of the subject

1. Presenter : Dr. E. S. Reddy
Guide : Dr.S.S.Reshmi

2.  Definition
 Social evil
 Social constraints
 Social deviance
 Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation)
Act, 1986
 Management of social deviance
 References

3. Social pathology : a study of social
problems which undermines the social
, psychological or economic health of
populations .
Can be grouped under 3 categories
• Social evil
• Social constraints
• Social deviance

4. Undesirable practices which give rise to multiple
social problems which erode the social fabric of
societies and undermine their social and economic
health . Principal evils :
 Smoking and drinking
 Caste and Casteism
 Gender bias and gender discrimination

5.  Child marriage
 Crime and corruption
 Prostitution
 Unmarried mothers

6.  Dowry
 Child neglect and child abuse
 Street children
 Refugee and displaced children
 Child labour
 Child trafficking

7. Consequences – crime , murder , prostitution ,
neglect of families , malnutrition , diseases
( cirrhosis , alcohol dependent syndrome , alcoholic
psychosis ) , unemployment , indebtedness , child
delinquency , road accidents , loss of friends and
self esteem .

8. 1. Smoking and drinking can be
prevented by responsible
parenting ,health education
and public awareness
programmes.
2. Appropriate legislation can
help by forbidding smoking
in high risk areas.

9.  Permanent attribute of an individual
 Most important , striking , uncompromising
feature of Indian society
 Divides Indian society into bits and pieces
 Promotes evil of casteism – arrests human
progress – disallows free movement of people
and their mutual interaction and cooperation

10. 1. Caste system can be managed by
nationwide public awareness on the
futility of caste and Casteism
supported by appropriate
prohibitive legislation and social
defense raised by the people.
2. Political parties should be
disallowed to promote caste
feelings for selfish motives.

11.  Social evil
 Inhuman practice originates from gender bias that
favours males
 Life long process – starts from womb and ends at
tomb .
Gender discrimination

12. 1. Gender bias and age discrimination
can be prevented by female
education ,female empowerment.
2. Relevant health education and
community awareness programmes
can facilitate containment of the
evil.
3. Appropriate legislation can serve as
a deterrent.

13. •Years •Problems faced
•Before
birth to 1
year
• Being unwanted, risk of prenatal
detection
• Foeticide and infanticide
• Infant mortality
• Discrimination in breast-feeding and
• infant food
• Neglect of health (immunization)

14. Years Problems faced
•6- 11 •Malnutrition and anaemia
•Iodine and Vitamin A deficiency
•Low school enrolment, school drop outs
•Vulnerable to trafficking. child labour,
•child marriage
•Abuse, exploitation and violence
•Increasing domestic duties/workload
•Looking after siblings
•Restrictions on mobility, play

15. Years Problems faced
1 – 5 •Discrimination in access to food
•Poorer health attention and poorer access
to health care; high risk of nutritional
anaemia
•Discrimination in overall treatment,
parental care; expression of value and
worth
•Vitamin and micro-nutrient deficiencies
•Early definition and imposition of
'suitable' roles; limits on permitted
learning and play activities
•Child marriages in some areas of country
•Household/near-home sexual abuse
•If enrolled in school, less time for
learning.
•Assignment of domesiic duties

16. Years Problems faced
12 – 18 •Poor health, poor health attention
•High risk for anaemia
•Frequent illness due to malnutrition and micro-nutrient
deficiency
•Child marriage , High risk/incidence of early childbearing
related morbidity/mortality
•Becoming a'child-mother', health risks
and burden of childcare
•Low literacy/learning level
•Early and frequent pregnancy coupled with abortions
•Marital and domestic violence
•Dowry harassment, desertion, polygamy,
divorce
•Child labour, trafficking
•STDs and HIV/AIDS
•No voice either in home or societv

17.  Past – innocent custom , symbol of love from
parents to their daughter on the eve of marriage
 Recent times – grown into a social evil .
 Bride burning and suicides – symptoms of societal
corruption .

18.  Child neglect may be – willingly by deprivation or
unwiillingly by destitution
 Child abuse – may be physical violence , sexual
abuse , mental and emotional maltreatment .

19. 1. Child neglect and abuse can be
controlled by education of parents for
responsible parenting , counseling of
high risk families and rehabilitation of
victimized children.
2. Prohibitive legislation can potentiate
the management effort.

20. Battered baby syndrome - "a clinical condition in
young children, usually under 3 years of age
who have received non-accidental wholly
inexcusable violence or injury, on one or more
occasions, including minimal as well as severe
fatal trauma, for what is often the most trivial
provocation, by the hand of an adult in a
position of trust, generally a parent, guardian or
foster parent. In addition to physical injury,
there may be deprivation of nutrition, care and
affection in circumstances which indicate that
such deprivation is not accidental".

21. High risk of malnutrition , tuberculosis , STDs
including HIV , parasite, worm infestation and
skin diseases .

22.  Loss of family protection
 Inadequate resources to address the needs
and challenges
 Girls special risk – abduction , trafficking ,
sexual violence (rape )

23.  Evil practice – children who should have been at
school at that age are condemned to labour by
unscrupulous parents .
 Child labourers have lower growth and health
status compared to their non - working
counterparts .

24.  Passenger, goods mail transport by railways
 Carpet weaving
 Cinder picking. cleaning of ash-pits
 Cement manufacturing
 Building construction operations
 Cloth printing
 Dyeing, weaving
 Manufacturing of matches. explosives. fire-works
 Beedi making
 Mica cutting. splitting
 Abattoirs
 Wool cleaning
 Printing
 Cashew descalding and processing
 Soldering process in electronic industries

25.  Trafficking may take many forms
 Some children forcibily abducted
 Some are tricked
 Others opt themselves be trafficked by
promise of earnings
 Relocation takes children away from their
families , communities and support network
leaving them isolated and vulnerable to
exploitation

26.  Ancient world – crime was rare
 With the advent of industrialization ,
urbanization and westernization – crime has
increased
 Corruption – white collar crime committed by
people belonging to upper strata of society –
bureaucrats , technocrats , politicians and
professionals , smuggling , black marketing .

27. 1. Crime and corruption can be
controlled through public awareness
programmes on the menace of crime
and corruption.
2. Legal measures introduced by a
people –friendly government can
provide the necessary support.

28.  In spite of literacy and legislations
prohibiting early marriages , child marriage
still persists in Rajasthan , Madhya Pradesh
and Uttar Pradesh .
 The prohibition of child marriage act (PCMA)
– enforced from 1st
November , 2007 .

29.  Age – old social evil
 Causes of prostitution :
1. Changes in the environment
2. Break down of family relations
3. Parental quarrels
4. Want of affection
5. Illegitimate love
6. Easy money
7. Low IQ
8. Low moral standards
9. Poverty

30. 1. Community awareness and health
education efforts can be
supplemented by legal measures
which can help in controlling the
problem.
2. Rehabilitation of victimized
individuals is absolute necessary.

31.  Problem of unmarried mothers in India –
insignificant – because of social customs
and tradition in India .
 Western societies – this problem is acute -
have special schools and councelling
programmes

32.  Educational approach
 Legal approach
 Rehabilitation approach
 Developmental approach

33. Restrictions or impediments which arrest the
growth and development of people and
prevent their prosperity and progress .

34. Poverty

35.  It is a relative condition opposed to richness.
 It denotes poor economic status in relation
to others.
 Destiution ia state of abject poverty ,a state
of extreme deprivation

36. 1. Poverty can be managed by people
friendly government by introducing a
balanced national development based
on distributive justice.
2. Poverty alleviation employment
generation , vocation oriented
education and family planning are
useful approaches.

37. 1. A person is considered illiterate
if she / he cannot read or write.
2. Ignorance Is an wider
concept ,which can affect
illiterate as well as literate
individuals

38. 1. Only education can eliminate illiteracy
and ignorance.
2. Non – Formal education ,basic
compulsory education and vocation
oriented education are some useful
approaches.
3. Relevant legislation and motivation
can play a supportive role.

39. 1. Population migration may be:
a) Rural –urban
b) Rural-rural
Both the form can lead to
environmental crisis

40. 1. Migration can be managed through
programmes that can generate
employment opportunities for the
agricultural farmers and marginal
laborers.
2. Public awareness programs on the
undesirable consequences of
environmental insanitation and
degeneration can prepare the ground.

41. 1. Industrialization provides the
necessary basis for socio-economic
development all over the world.
2. It generates huge demand for
manpower , necessitating migrant
young labor population from rural
areas , which accelerates the rate
of urbanization.

42. 1. It can be managed by enactment of
laws and their enforcement to guide
the growth and development of
industries , on scientific lines , and to
prevent environmental pollution.
2. Health education and ill-effects of
urbanization can facilitate the legal
effect.

43. Anti - social behavioral pattern of individuals
who having failed to confirm to acceptable
social norms adopt a way of life that goes
against the interests of the society and also
against their own interests .
Types of social deviance :
 Drug addiction
 Delinquency
 Suicide

44. Delinquent - one who shows deviation from
normal behaviour , one who committed an
offence like theft , sexual offence ,
murder , burglary .
Juvenile delinquency : a juvenile who has
committed an offence .
Juvenile – a boy not attained 16 years and girl
not attained 18 years .

45. 1. Preventive measure include education
of parents for responsible parenting
2. Timely intervention of counseling
3. And rehabilitation of delinquent
children.

46. Definition : a state of periodic or chronic
intoxication detrimental to the individual
and society produced by the repeated intake
of habit - forming drugs .

47. 1. It can be prevented by health
education and public awareness
programs.
2. Timely intervention in susceptible
individuals .
3. Rehabilitation of the drug addicts.

48.  Committed by individuals - when exposed to
stress and unable to face it – inadequate coping
competence
 Several factors contribute – deficiency of skills ,
inadequate training and education , deficient
parenting .

49. 1. It can be prevented by timely
intervention ,appropriate counseling ,
and rehabilitation of suicide- prone
individuals.
2. Legislation can serve as a deterrent.

50.  Health education
 Responsible parenting
 Timely intervention
 Appropriate rehabilitation
 Supportive legislation

51. Social evil Social Social
constraints deviances
1. Smoking and drinking
2. Caste and casteism
3. Gender bias
4. Child marriage
5. Crime and corruption
6. Prostitution
7. Unmarried mothers
8. Dowry
9. Child neglect and child
abuse
10.Street children
11.Refugee and displaced
children
12.Child labour
13.Child trafficking
1. Illiteracy and
ignorance
2. Migration and
environmental
crisis
3. Industrialization
and urbanization
1. Drug
addiction
2. Delinquency
3. Suicide

52.  K. Park , Text Book Of Community Medicine ,
21st
edition , 538 – 543 , 645 – 646
 G M Dhar , Foundations of Commnuity
Medicine , 1st
edition 2006 ,279- 298 .
 19 social problems ,
www.nios.ac.in/secpsycour/unit- 19pdf

53.  Social pathology and its importance in
disease causation.- April 2013.

54. THANK YOU