1.
(EEE)
(EEE)
By k.srinivas

2.
 Introduction
 Reasonsbehindgridestablishment
 Definitionof grid
 Whatexactlydoesthegriddo?
 ProblemsfacedbyGRIDinpast
 Reasonsforimplementation of SMARTGRID& itsdefinition
 What‘’smart’’refersto..?
 Problemsif a propergridsystemis notincorporated
 Challengesleadingto smartgridrequirement& properties
 Operationalskillsof smartgridtechniques&p²smodel
 Ponsandcons
 Challengeto presentelectricalengineers
 Conclusion

3.
Since our electrical systems has lot of
interconnections of various generating plants , transmission
lines ,other equipment's like transformer etc., as it clears
the complexity in interconnection of many parts of power
system so it is simple to handle all this equipment and
deliver proper power to load side segments,,
This makes the way for implementation of
grid to deliver power and avoid complexities in
interconnection of different equipment in power systems

4.
A grid is an interconnection of many
transmission lines &generating power
plants & substations in order to deliver
proper power or utilizable power to
load in an efficient manner

5.
Today’s electrical grid suffers from a number of
problems, including that it is:
 Old (the average age of power plants is 35 years)
 Dirty (more than half of our electricity is generated from
coal)
 Inefficient (the delivered efficiency of electricity is only
35%3)
 Vulnerable (the 2003 blackout in the Northeast affected
55M people for up to two days

6.
genertaring
Smart grid
loads

7.
 Power deliver to load is improper
 Complexities at the interconnection of power system
equipment's
 If interconnection of ac transmission were not appropriate
then there is scope of mismatch of frequency.
 A lot of power interruption will be faced due to lose of
synchronism.
 Damage of electrical equipment's at load side due power
interruption.

8.
 Efficient delivering of power to load
 Transmission and distribution
 Isolate the manual work
 Isolate the power interruption's
 predetermining the requirement of power
delivering to burden which is demanded by
load

9.
 When something goes wrong in today’s electrical system, a
utility worker must drive to the location of the problem to
collect data before a solution can be devised. Smart grid
improvements convert system events into instantly-retrievable
digital information, so that problem solving can begin
immediately. With such improved efficiency comes reduced
producer costs — savings that will be passed on to you.
 To do this, the modern grid requires a wide range of advanced
components based on new developments in power electronics,
superconductivity, chemistry, materials, and microelectronics.

10.
Albeit, the most complex machine ever built, it
mainly consist of transformers, circuit breakers, cables and
conductors, while some sensors have also been added and the entire
power system is bolted together, mechanically controlled and
monitored by computer simulation which is 50 times lower than its
operational movements.
As a result the interruptions came in to the picture.
Even less perfection is evident in the end users of the system- the
energy consuming devices which convert electrical energy into other
forms of energy makes the undesired result.

11.
The design of the perfect power system must start with consumer
needs and requirements in order to delight the consumer. Perfection,
based on consumers perspective must be the design principle. Traditional
power system planners find this in the hardest pit because delivering the
perfect electric energy service seems nearly impossible and appears
inherently expensive.
In a project sponsored by the GALVIN Electricity Initiative, Inc
.He stated that, “ My vision is not power system based on requirements
being driven by future customer needs for end-use technologies, but a
perfect power system unleashing self-organising entrepreneurs whose
innovations will greatly increase the value of the electricity in the 21st
century.”

12.
As a result, the research team identified four paths in the hunt
of power system they are:
1) Perfect device-level power
2) Building integrated power
3) Distributed power
4) Fully integrated power: A Smart Grid

13.
• Involves interconnection of different systems to
take advantage of power generation and storage
that can support multiple local systems.
• This system still has limited needs for extensive
power delivery
• Interconnection of local systems allows sharing
of generation over wider areas for more
efficient energy management.
• The structure also canresult in improved
reliability by allowing energy supply
alternatives.

14.
The final level of development involves a configuration
that enables the complete integration of the power system
across wide areas into a smart grid. The primary difference
between this configuration and the distributed power
configuration is the inclusion of a centralized generation
sources and the possibly more modest use of distributed energy
resources (DER), although the opportunity for DER to be
included in the optimization is inherent in the design. The
design implies full flexibility to transport power over long
distances to optimize generation resources and the ability to
deliver the power to load centres in the most efficient manner
possible coupled with the strong backbone.

15.
• Today’s electricity infrastructure is inadequate to meet rising
consumer needs and expectations.
• Substantial system upgrades are needed just to bring service back to
the level of reliability and quality already required and expected by
consumers.
• To assure that the science and technology would be available to
address the infrastructure needs, in 2001 the Electric Power
Research Institute (EPRI) initiated an ambitious program,
“Consortium for Electric Infrastructure to Support a Digital Society”
(CEIDS) and hoped to build partnerships to meet the energy needs .
• This effort launched the smart grid concept—It was the CEIDS effort
that formed the foundation for most all.

16.
• Availability of a wide range of “always-on, price-smart”
electricity-related services that stimulate the economy
and offer greater control over energy usage and
expenses.
• Minimized environmental and societal impact by
improving use of the existing infrastructure,
implementation, and use of energy-efficient equipment
• Improve productivity growth rates, increased economic
growth

17.
 The Foundation of the IntelliGridSM To realize the vision of the
IntelliGridSM, standardized communications
 120 The Smart Grid: Enabling Energy Efficiency and Demand Response
architecture must first be developed and overlaid on today’s power
delivery system. This “Integrated Energy and Communications System
Architecture” (IECSA) will be an open standards-based systems
architecture for a data communications and distributed computing
infrastructure. Several technical elements will constitute this
infrastructure including, but not limited to, data networking,
communications over a wide variety of physical media, and
embedded computing technologies. IECSA will enable the automated
monitoring and control of power delivery systems in real time,
support deployment of technologies that increase the control and
capacity of power delivery systems, enhance the performance of
endues digital devices that consumers employ, and enable consumer
connectivity, thereby revolutionizing the value of consumer services.

18.
• On-site generation devices such as photovoltaics,
diesel engines, micro-turbines and fuel cells that
provide power alone or in conjunction with the
grid.
• On-site electric energy storage devices such as
batteries and fly wheels.
• Devices that are dynamically controlled to supply
baseload,peak shaving, temporary demand
reductions or power quality.
• Devices that are dynamically controlled suchthat
excess power is sold back to the grid.

19.
If the proper work is incorporated then
a safety & proper transmission is achieved at
the load segments by using DC supply as core
part

20.
 Enables active participation by consumers
 Accommodates all generation and storage options
 Provides power quality for the digital economy
 Optimizes asset utilization and operates efficiently
 Anticipates and responds to system disturbances (self-
heals)
 Operates resiliently against attack and natural disaster

21.
The following technology solutions are generally considered
when a smart grid implementation plan is developed:
 Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)
 Customer Side Systems (CS)
 Demand Response (DR)
 Distribution Management System/Distribution Automation
(DMS)
 Transmission Enhancement Applications (TA)
 Asset/System Optimization (AO)
 Distributed Energy Resources (DER)
 Information and Communications Integration (ICT)

22.
Pons
 Intelligent
 Efficient
 Motivating
 Opportunistic
 Quality focused and free of sags, spikes.,
 Resilient
 reliable

23.
Cons
 Surge pricing
 Complicated and complex structure of
economic bill
 Emergent behaviour

24.
 Selection of proper sensor
 Fault detection equipment
 Selection of location grid establishment
 Proper utilization of electrical technology
 Selection of efficient method for
transmission