應用內建3D物件的一款簡單滾球遊戲，學習使用3D遊戲物件，程式腳本，預製物件，動態碰撞器與靜態動態碰撞器處理

1. 電子工程系車用電子與資訊組
Roll a Ball遊戲
吳錫修
wu.shyishiou@gmail.com
Revised on March 7, 2019
應用內建3D物件的⼀款簡單滾球遊戲，
學習使用3D遊戲物件，程式腳本，預
製物件，動態碰撞器與靜態動態碰撞
器處理

2. Makeeachdaycount
 https://unity3d.com/pt/learn/tutorials/s/roll-ball-tutorial
線上教學
2

3. Makeeachdaycount
 新增3D專案
 選單命令File> New Project…
 專案名稱Roll a Ball
 在Assets下建立子資料夾
 _Scenes
 Materials
 Prefabs
 Scripts
 儲存預設場景
 MiniGame.unity
專案設定
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4. Makeeachdaycount
 選單命令GameObject> 3D Object> Plane，命名為Ground
 重置Transform
 Scale(X, Y, Z) = (2, 1, 2)
 Gizmos選單
 取消勾選Show Grid
 在Materials資料夾下新增Material，命名為Background
 設定反照率Main MapsAlbedo(R, G, B, A) = (0, 32, 64, 255)
 拖曳Background材質到Ground物件上
 選取Directional Light
 Rotation(X, Y, Z) = (50, 60, 0)
建立場景
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5. Makeeachdaycount
 選單命令GameObject> 3D Object> Sphere，命名為Player
 重置Transform屬性
 Position(X, Y, Z) = (0, 0.5, 0)
 在Player加入Rigidbody元件
建立玩家物件 1/3
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6. Makeeachdaycount
 在Player加入PlayerController程式腳本
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class PlayerController : MonoBehaviour {
public float speed;
private Rigidbody rb;
void Start () {
rb = GetComponent<Rigidbody>();
}
void FixedUpdate () {
float moveHorizontal = Input.GetAxis ("Horizontal");
float moveVertical = Input.GetAxis ("Vertical");
Vector3 movement = new Vector3 (moveHorizontal, 0.0f, moveVertical);
rb.AddForce (movement * speed);
}
}
 測試遊戲，可使用方向鍵操作Player
玩家控制 1/7
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7. Makeeachdaycount
 讓攝影機跟隨Player移動
 選取Main Camera
 Position(X, Y, Z) = (0, 10, -10 )
 Rotation(X, Y, Z) = (45, 0, 0 )
攝影機控制 1/2
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8. Makeeachdaycount
 在Main Camera加入CameraController程式腳本
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class CameraController : MonoBehaviour {
public GameObject player;
private Vector3 offset;
void Start () {
offset = transform.position - player.transform.position;
}
void LateUpdate () {
transform.position = player.transform.position + offset;
}
}
 拖曳Player到Camera Controller之Player欄
 測試遊戲，攝影機可定距跟隨Player移動
攝影機控制 2/2
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9. Makeeachdaycount
 選單命令GameObject> Create Empty，命名為Walls
 選單命令GameObject> 3D Object> Cube，命名為West Wall
 重置Transform
 拖曳West Wall成為Walls的子物件
 Position(X, Y, Z) = (-10, 0, 0)
 Scale(X, Y, Z) = (0.5, 2, 20.5)
 Ctrl-D複製West Wall，命名為East Wall
 Position(X, Y, Z) = (10, 0, 0)
 Scale(X, Y, Z) = (0.5, 2, 20.5)
建立遊戲邊界 1/2
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10. Makeeachdaycount
 Ctrl-D複製West Wall，命名為North Wall
 Position(X, Y, Z) = (0, 0, 10)
 Scale(X, Y, Z) = (20.5, 2, 0.5)
 Ctrl-D複製North Wall，命名為South Wall
 Position(X, Y, Z) = (0, 0, -10)
 Scale(X, Y, Z) = (20.5, 2, 0.5)
 測試遊戲，Player不會滾出邊界
建立遊戲邊界 2/2
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11. Makeeachdaycount
 選單命令GameObject> 3D Object> Cube，命名為Pick UP
 Position(X, Y, Z) = (0, 0.5, 0)
 Rotation(X, Y, Z) = (45, 45, 45)
 Scale(X, Y, Z) = (0.5, 0.5, 0.5)
 在Pick UP加入Rotator程式腳本，讓Pick UP物件自轉
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class Rotator : MonoBehaviour {
void Update () {
transform.Rotate (new Vector3 (15, 30, 45) * Time.deltaTime);
}
}
加入道具物件 1/3
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12. Makeeachdaycount
 拖曳Pick UP到Prefabs資料夾，做成預製物件
 選單命令GameObject> Create Empty，命名為Pick UPs
 拖曳Pick UP成為Pick UPs的子物件
 切換到X-Z視角
 使用世界座標模式
 複製11個Pick UP圍成圓圏
加入道具物件 2/3
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13. Makeeachdaycount
 在Materials資料夾下新增Material，命名為Pick UP
 設定反照率Main MapsAlbedo(R, G, B, A) = (255, 255, 0, 255)
 拖曳Pick UP材質球到Pick UP物件上
 更新預製物件
加入道具物件 3/3
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14. Makeeachdaycount
 修改PlayerController程式腳本
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class PlayerController : MonoBehaviour {
...
void OnTriggerEnter(Collider other) {
if (other.gameObject.CompareTag ("Pick Up")) {
other.gameObject.SetActive (false);
}
}
}
收集道具 1/4
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15. Makeeachdaycount
 點選Pick UP預製物件
 Tag = Pick Up
 Box Collider
 勾選Is Trigger
 測試遊戲，Pick UP物件被Player碰到時就會
消失
收集道具 2/4
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16. Makeeachdaycount
 探討潛藏問題
 Unity將任何帶有碰撞器和剛體的物件歸類為動態物件。而具有碰撞器但沒
有物理剛體的物件歸類為靜態物件
 為了性能最佳化，Unity會計算場景中所有靜態碰撞器的材積，並將此資訊
保存在快取中，這樣可以節省每幀重新計算靜態碰撞資訊的時間。但當靜
態物件移動、旋轉或縮放時，Unity就會重新計算並更新靜態碰撞器快取，
重新計算作業較耗費資源。至於動態碰撞器，我們可以根據需要隨時移動、
旋轉或縮放，Unity不會記錄任何碰撞器材積
 目前Pick UP物件具有Box Collider，但沒有剛體。Rotator程式腳本會使
Pick UP物件旋轉，所以Unity每幀會重新計算我們的靜態碰撞器快取。解
決方案是為Pick UP物件添加剛體，使Pick UP成為動態物件
收集道具 3/4
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17. Makeeachdaycount
 在Pick UP預製物件加入Rigidbody元件
 勾選Is Kinematic
 測試遊戲
收集道具 4/4
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18. Makeeachdaycount
 選單命令GameObject> UI> Text，命名為Count Text
 Anchor Presets = top, left (同時按Shift + Alt)
 Pos(X, Y) = (10, -10)
 Text = Count Text
 Color = white
 選單命令GameObject> UI> Text，命名為Win Text
 Pos(X, Y) = (0, 75)
 Text = Win Text
 Color = white
 Character/Font Size = 24
 Paragraph/Alignment = center, middle
顯示分數 1/4
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19. Makeeachdaycount
 修改PlayerController程式腳本
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;
using System.Collections;
public class PlayerController : MonoBehaviour {
public float speed;
public Text countText;
public Text winText;
private Rigidbody rb;
private int count;
void Start () {
rb = GetComponent<Rigidbody>();
count = 0;
SetCountText ();
winText.text = "";
}
顯示分數 2/4
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20. Makeeachdaycount
void OnTriggerEnter(Collider other) {
if (other.gameObject.CompareTag ("Pick Up")) {
other.gameObject.SetActive (false);
count = count + 1;
SetCountText ();
}
}
void SetCountText () {
countText.text = "Count: " + count.ToString ();
if (count >= 12) {
winText.text = "You Win!";
}
}
...
}
顯示分數 3/4
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21. Makeeachdaycount
 拖曳Count Text到PlayerController之Count Text欄
 拖曳Win Text到PlayerController之Win Text欄
 測試遊戲，每收集⼀個Pick UP物件，分數加1；收集全部Pick UP物件
後，顯示"You Win!"
顯示分數 4/4
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22. Makeeachdaycount
 選單命令File> Build Settings
 確認輸出之遊戲平台 (Platform)
 拖曳_ScenesMiniGame到Scenes In Build
 點擊Build
封裝遊戲
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