A Presentation on the current status of higher education in Pakistan

1. Higher Education
Commission
Serving as an Engine for the Socio-Economic
Development of Pakistan
Human
Resource
Development
Research &
Development
Economic
Uplift
Prof. Dr. S. Sohail H. Naqvi
Executive Director
Higher Education Commission

2. Overview
2
HE Challenges & Response
Achievements to Date
HEC Strategy and Aims
Achievements to date
The Way Forward
Conclusions

3. Outline of Talk
 Strategy for taking Pakistan forward
◦ Bi-Modal Approach
 Current Status & Challenges
 Response to Challenges
 HEC Impact
 Funding of Higher Education
 Pakistani Universities
◦ New Roles & the Way Forward

4. Overarching Approach
 Simultaneous Bi-Modal Approach
◦ Bottom-Up (Basic Needs)
 Basic Health, Primary Education, Water ….
◦ Top-Down (Knowledge Economy)
 Higher Education
 Building Advanced Human Capital
 Enhancing and funding domestic research for adapting
foreign technologies
 Industrial Linkage
 Enhance Competitiveness

5. Graduates Produced
Developing Countries During
2008
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
GraduatesProduced/000Pop
GDP (PPP) / Capita (000 $)
Pakistan
India
China
South Africa
Malaysia
Turkey
S. Korea

6. The Changing Shape of Society
From Resource-based to Knowledge
Based . . .
6
Microsoft Presentation at USAID Forum in Bangladesh

7. Korea: A Direct Correlation
Between
Technical Manpower and Exports
1960 1970 1980 1990 2001 2009
Higher
Education
Enrollment
5% 8.7% 16% 37.7%
68%
*(2.6%)
80%
*(5.1%)
Exports
US$(Millions)
32 660 17,214 63,214
150,439
*(10,000)
354,000
*(18,000)
* Statistics for Pakistan

8. Vision
 Economic development is no longer
dependant on natural resources
 Human Resource is the most precious
Resource of a Country
 Knowledge has now become the basis
of socio-economic development
 Industrialization is key to GDP growth
(through production & export of value
added goods/services)

9. HEC Mission
“To Facilitate Institutions of
Higher Learning to serve as an
Engine of Socio-Economic
Development of Pakistan”

10. Key Challenges in Higher Education
Quality
• Standard of
Education,
Faculty &
Research
Access
• Enrollment in
higher
education
Relevance
• Addressing
the needs for
Socio-
Economic
Development
of Pakistan

11. The Demographic Challenge
Access to Tertiary Education
Year
Age group
17-23 years
Do
Nothing Actual Access
2010 23.0 million 4.7% 4.7%
1.1 m
2015 25.2 million 4.3% 10%
2.52 m
(2.3 times increase)
2020 27.7 million 3.9% 15%
4.15 m
(3.8 times Increase)

12. Quality Challenge
12
Base Line Data
Quality Metrics & Standards
Quality Assurance Structure
Teaching / Research Balance
Teaching – Learning Paradigm Shift
Quality Ownership
Implementation Processes

13. Relevance Challenge
13
Identification of Stakeholders
General Studies – Science & Technology Balance
Linkages to the Economy
(Local – Regional – National – International)
Building an Innovation Culture

14. Higher Education Eco-System
 Campus
◦ Buildings, laboratories, student services, housing
 Faculty
◦ Appointment standards & processes, faculty development
 Students
◦ Counseling, student life, placement
 Academics
◦ Curriculum with relevance, program structure, program
diversity, learning innovation, qualification framework
 Quality Assurance
◦ Statistics, Accreditation System & Processes, International
benchmarking

15. Higher Education Eco-System
 Research
◦ Grants, Publication, Innovation, Commercialization
 Funding
◦ Diversification, Financial Aid, Office of
Development
 Administration
◦ HR, Financial Management, Procurement,
Business Processes
 Information
◦ PERN, Digital Library, Video-Conferencing, Triple-
Play Communication
 Community & Industry Linkage
◦ Relevance, Outreach, Economic Development

16. Strategic Aims:
Responding to Challenges
16
Good Governance & Management
Quality Assurance: Standards, Assessment, Accreditation
Faculty
Development
Improving
Access &
Learning
Excellence in
Research
Relevance to
National
Priorities
CoreSupport
Infrastructure Development: Physical, Technology

17. 0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06* 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
37 41
53 56 57 62 65 69 70 73
22
35
45
51 53 56 56 57 57
59
59
76
98
107 110
118 121 126 127 132
116
136
168
182
192
218
229
246 249
258
Public Private Total Total Uni+Sub Campuses
Higher Education Institutions in
Pakistan (2000 – 2009)

18. 21
9
6 2
2
2
1
15
14
18
25
Private Sector
Public Sector
NA
Regional Distribution of
HEIs in Pakistan
14 3

19. 0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
800000
900000
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
276274
331545
423236
471964
521473
639597
738373
803507
Enrollment
Enrollment in universities & DAIs

20. 20
Gender-wise Enrollment in Higher
Education Institutions
63.04 61.45
57.68
58.6 59.2
53.6
53.7 53.6
36.96
38.55
42.32 41.4 40.8
46.4 46.3 46.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
Male
Female
%age

21. Quality Assurance Programme
(Quality Adds value to HE)
Sensitizing
academia and other
stakeholders for
Quality Culture in
Higher Education
Development
of Quality
Criteria &
Standards
Development
of QA
Processes &
Capacity
Building of
Universities
Monitoring
and
Evaluation
for QA
21

22. Quality Standards
22
Quality Criteria for award of M. Phil/PhD degree
Eligibility Criteria for faculty appointments
Criteria for Recognition of Journals & Plagiarism Policy
Affiliation Criteria
Ranking Criteria
Criteria & Guidelines for appointment of Prof. Emeritus, Meritorious
Prof. & Vice Chancellors
Institutional Accreditation standards
Good Practices for Accreditation Councils
Manuals & Guidelines for QA of HE in Pakistan
Ban on Sub standard PhDs Departments

23. Standardization of Degree
Programs
23
Bachelors Degree
i- Engineering
Duration: 4 years [8 Semesters]
Total Credit Hours: 130 –136
Curricula Description: 65-70 %
devoted to engineering courses,
30-35% devoted to non-engineering
courses (general + compulsory + basic
science courses)
(ii) General Degree (BS )
Total credit hours: 130-136
Duration: 4 years [8 semester]
Curricula Description: ~ 63.50 %
devoted to disciplinary courses,
~ 36.50% devoted to general
+ compulsory education
Other Professional Degrees –
Similarly, the features for nursing,
MBBS, BDS, Pharm D., Law, and
Agriculture degrees have been
defined. MBBS and BDS are annual,
while the rest are semester wise
Post Graduate
Degrees (MS/
MPhil)
Duration: 2 years [4 Semesters]
Total Credit Hours: 24 credit
hrs. course work
6 credit. hrs. for research
Doctoral Degrees
(PHD)
Duration: 4-5 years
Course Work: 18 credit
hours plus research
• 17 Engineering
• 31 Social /Basic
Sciences and
humanities
subjects
Standardizatio
n Completed

24. Monitoring of Private Universities /
DAIs
0
10
20
30
40
50
Category W Category X Category Y Category Z
1st inspection
2nd Inspection
Present Position
Category Position after first
inspection
(2004)
Position after 2nd
inspection
(2008)
Present Position Improvement from
First inspection
Category ‘W’ 11 12 47 36
Category ‘X’ 18 32 08 -10
Category ‘Y’ 11 09 01 -10
Category ‘Z’ 13 04 03 -10
Total 53 57 59
24

25. Governance
 Criteria for appointment of VCs
 Leadership Training
 Financial Administration and Audit
 Fund Raising
 Community Service

26. Learning Innovation for Faculty &
Staff
 Total 11,271 courses offered
◦ 5622 Short term development courses
◦ 1504 Long term development courses
◦ 4145 Other development courses &
Workshops

27. Access to Information
27
Higher Education Web Portal
Video Conferencing
Digital Archive
Pakistan Education & Research Network
Enterprise Resource Planning

28. Video Conferencing Facility
28
Launched
in Dec
2006
2006 2007 2008 2009 Total
Universities
Equipped
4 14 16 36 70
Events
organized
14 532 490 894 1921
Events
Lectures /
Presentati
ons
Conferen
ces
Technic
al
Discuss
ion
Meeting
s
Intervie
ws
Total
Events
2006 3 3 8 - - 14
2007 154 10 276 63 20 523
2008 63 7 316 82 22 490
2009 63 10 630 167 24 894
Total 283 30 1230 312 66 1921

29. Digital Archives
 E-Journals &
Books
◦ 23,000 e-journals
◦ 45,000 e-books
◦ Nationwide

30. Computerization & Networking @
Universities
• Period 2003 - 09
• Total Projects 86
• Universities facilitated 71
• Total Spending PKR 2565m
National Research & Education Network of
Pakistan – PERN2
Network Operation Center
National Data Center

31. Faculty Development
 Foreign PhD Scholarships
 Local PhD Scholarships
 Other Programs
◦ Foreign Faculty Hiring Program
◦ Post-Doc Scholarships
◦ Master Scholarships
◦ Learning Innovation
Pay-offs are beginning to appear now !!

32. Human Resource
Development
 Foreign PhD Program : 3800
◦ Completed: 303
 Local PhD Program: 3508
◦ Completed 336
 Post-doc Fellowships: 489
◦ Completed 298
 Masters/Bachelors: 1502
◦ Completed 109

33. Year wise Research Output-Pakistan
815
948 1038
1306
1759
2475
3639
4013
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

34. PhD Output
Discipline
1947 - 2002
[55 years]
2003 - 2009
[ 7 Years ]
Number Number
Agriculture & Veterinary Sciences 363 450
Biological & Medical Sciences 589 601
Engineering & Technology 14 131
Business Education 11 58
Physical Sciences 688 677
Social Sciences 899 739
Arts & Humanities 663 377
Honorary 54 4
Total 3,281 3,037

35. Relevance to National Economy
& Regional Needs
 Date Palm Research
Centre at Shah Abdul Latif
University, Khairpur
 Fruit and Vegetable
Processing, Sindh
Agricultural University,
Tandojam
 Food Technology,
University of Agriculture,
Faisalabad
 Advance Manufacturing
Engineering at UET Lahore
 Earthquake Engineering
Centre, UET Peshawar &
NED, Karachi
 Gemstone Training Centre
at UET Peshawar
 Institute for Sustainable
Halophyte Utilization,
University of Karachi
 Lab for Nuclear Physics,
QAU, Islamabad
 National Institute of
Vacuum Sci, QAU,
Islamabad
 Product Development
Centre at NED

36. Budget Outlay
FY 2010/11

37. HE Spending as % of GDP
Financial Year HE Spending
as % of GDP
2001-02 0.10%
2002-03 0.20%
2003-04 0.20%
2004-05 0.26%
2005-06 0.29%
2006-07 0.33%
2007-08 0.27%
2008-09 0.25%
2009-10 0.22%
2010-11 0.23%

38. Percentage Change in Grant Per
Student
Year Pb. Sec. Enrollment Grant per Student
Number
%age
Increases
Rupees
%age
Increases
2001-02 135,123 - 21,809 -
2002-03 159,103 17.75% 21,907 0.45%
2003-04 183,708 15.46% 28,875 31.81%
2004-05 208,756 13.63% 33,511 16.05%
2005-06 231,601 10.94% 45,309 35.21%
2006-07 263,414 13.74% 54,411 20.09%
2007-08 316,278 20.07% 39,638 -27.15%
2008-09 333,966 5.59% 47,210 19.10%
2009-10 369,985 10.80 58,110 23.10
2010-11 [Estm.] 388,400 5.0% 59,771 2.9%

39. Real Recurring Grant per
Student
Year
Grant Per Student
Nominal Rupees
Real
Rupees
2001-02 21,809 21,063
2002-03 21,907 20,522
2003-04 28,875 25,867
2004-05 33,511 27,472
2005-06 45,309 34,419
2006-07 54,411 38,352
2007-08 39,638 24,9455
2008-09 47,210 24,777
2009-10 58,110 28,005
2010-11 [Estm.] 59,771 26,427

40. Future Outlay of Funding to HE
by Federal Govt.
Fiscal Year 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13
Existing Univs (Rs bil)
Rec grants 15.766 21.500 23.220 24.845 26.585
(%) Increase - 36.4% 8% 7% 7%
Dev grants 18.500 11.250 15.762 21.500 27.00
(%) Increase -39.2% 40% 36.4% 25.6%
Total (Rec + Dev) 34.266 32.750 38.982 46.345 53.585

41. Planning Strategy
41
SN Strategic Areas
Investment
(Rs. In Billion)
Percentage
1 Human Resource Development 79.98 48%
2
Improving Access
(Physical Infrastructure buildup)
57.82 34%
3
Excellence in Learning & Research
(Lab & ICT)
29.19 17%
4
Quality Assurance &
Accreditation
1.64 1%
Total Investment 168.63

42. Implementation Strategy
42
Priority Areas Investment (Rs. In Billion)
1. Human Resource Development 79.98
i. Foreign Scholarships 62.29
ii. Indigenous Scholarships 9.74
iii. Foreign / Eminent Faculty Placement 3.63
iv. Need Based Scholarships 1.14
v. Other Short Term Training Program 3.18
2. Improving Access (Through Infrastructure Development) 44.22
i. Academic Structures 17.08
ii. Hostel / Residential Facilities 7.64
iii. Other Common Facilities 10.82
iv. Moving out of cities 5.23
v. New Universities/DAI’s 3.45
3. Strengthening /Establishment of laboratories 29.19
i. Lab Equipment 25.11
ii. Focused on ICT infrastructure and digital divide 04.07
4. Quality Assurance and Accreditation 1.64
i. Quality Assurance Cells
ii. Quality Assurance Agencies

43. 43
Priority Areas
Investment
(Rs. In Billion)
Targets
1. Foreign Merit Scholarships 62.29 10,377
i. PhD Scholarships 60.25 8,702
ii. Post Doc Scholarships 1.25 700
iii. MBBS Scholarships 0.79 975
2. Indigenous Scholarships 9.74 7,762
3. Need Based Scholarships 1.14 3,207
4. Other Short Term Trainings 3.18 --
5. Foreign Faculty Hiring 3.63 690
Total 79.98 22,036
Human Resource Development

44. Improving Access
Through Infrastructure Build-up
1 Existing Infrastructure Up-gradation 7.61
2 New Infrastructure of Existing Universities 30.60
3 Infrastructure of New Universities / DAI’s 6.01
Total 44.22
44
Existing
Infrastructure
17%
New
Infrastructure
69%
New Universities
14%
Rs. In Billion

45. Research & Development Initiative
45
1
Total 1507 R & D activities undertaken under national research
programs for universities
2
Rs. 476.731 Million worth travel grants sanctioned for 3993
scholars to present research papers
3
Rs. 222.283 Million spent on arrangement of 629
workshops/grants
4 Rs. 32.336 Million spent on Access to Scientific Instrumentation

46. Description No. of Projects
Investment
(Rs. In Billion)
During initial two years the HEC
launched small scale development
projects at DDWP level for 50+
institutions.
• immediate needs in term of
small scale building renovations
and construction, office
Equipment / Libraries up
gradation etc.
• Laboratory Equipment upgrades
• Setup of computer labs and
network facilities
• Initiation of HRD Project
formulation
292 36.78
46
How We Did It
(During Initial Two Years FY 2002-03 – FY 2004-05)

47. Description No. of Projects
Investment
(Rs. In Billion)
During next two years, HEC
adopted consolidation policy by
paying attention on critical areas of
capacity issues and developed
programs/projects to minimize
gaps about:
• Human resource development
• Lab Equipment Enhancement
• Infrastructure development
• ICT / Digital Library
436 75.67
47
How We Did It
(During Next Two Years FY 2005-06 – FY 2006-07)

48. Description No. of Projects
Investment
(Rs. In Billion)
During last three years, the HEC
assisted the universities in
development of vision document to
meet next couple of decades needs
and launched mega projects and
initiated quality assurance related
programs
173 56.54
48
How We Did It
(During Last Three Years FY 2007-08 – To Date)

49. -
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
Year Wise Planned Investment of HEC Development Portfolio
HRD Improving Access Excellence in Learning & Research (Lab & ICT)
Rs.Billion
49

50. Investment by Disciplines
Engineering Universities
28.21 Bill
17%
IT & Management
Sciences
18.39
11%
Medical Sciences
5.60
3%
Agriculture
7.92
5%
General Universities/
Centres
46.26
27%
HEC
62.62
37%
50

51. Moving out of Big Cities to Rural communities
51
SN City Institute
Cost
(Rs. In Billion)
1 Mirpure AJK Mir Pur University of Science & Technology 0.32
2 Gilgit Karakurm International University 0.868
3 Swat Malakand University 0.746
4 Dir. Upper Shaeed Benizir Bhutto University Dir Upper 0.478
5 Bannu Bannu University of S&T. UET Peshawar Sub-campus 0.467
6 Kohat Kohat University of Science & Technology, kohat 1.402
7 Abbotabad NWFP UET Campus and CIIT Sub-campus 1.152
8 Rahim Yar khan Islamia University Bahawalpur Sub-campus 0.416
9 Bahawal Nagar Islamia University Bahawalpur Sub-campus 0.408
10 D.G.khan UAF & BZU Sub-campuses 0.137
11 Sahiwal BZU & CIIT Sub-campus 0.885
12 Toba Tek Sing UAF Sub-campus 0.038
13 Jhang LCW University Sub-campus 0.057
14 Okara University of Education & UAF Sub-campus 0.984
15 Patokki University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Patokki 0.57
16 Attock CIIT Sub-campus 0.504
17 Sukkur Sukkur-IBA 0.527
18 Uthal LUAWMS, Uthal Lasbela 0.584
Total 10.543

52. Investment by Gender
Sr. University
No. of
Projects
Investment (Rs.
In Billion)
1 Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi 10 0.88
2 Lahore College for Women University Lahore 12 0.79
3 Frontier Women University Peshawar 01 0.46
4 SBK Women’s University Quetta 05 0.16
5 Kinnaird College for Women Lahore 02 0.08
6 Women University Multan 01 1.14
Total 31 3.51
52

53. Performance
Project Completion Achievements
53
Project Category
No of
Projects
%
Percentage
Projects Completed (PC-IV Submitted) 497 79 %
Under Implementation
(with extended Time Frame)
134 21 %
No. of Projects
On-going
21%
No. of Projects
Completed
79%

54. Component-wise investment against projects
with releases complete (631 Projects)
Infrastructure
Development
53%
HRD
9%
Lab & ICT
Equipment
38%
54
Area of Investment
Cost
(In Rs. Billion)
Infrastructural Development 17.79
Human Resource Development 3.39
Lab & ICT Equipment 14.01
Total 35.19

55. Focused Areas under Completed Projects
(PC-IV submitted- 497 Projects)
Area of Investment
Cost
(In Rs. Billion)
Infrastructural Development 10.86
Human Resource Development 1.45
Lab & ICT Equipment 9.85
Total 22.16
Infrastructure
Development
49%
Human
Resource
Development
6%
Lab & ICT
Equipment
45%
55

56. EMERGING CHALLENGES:
The Way Forward

57. Gross Tertiary Enrolment Ratio
In Selected Countries
57
5
12
30
58
93
94
0 20 40 60 80 100
Pakistan
India
Malaysia
Israel
Korea
Finland
Percentage
UNdata website 2006

58. University intake and HSC passed
students projections (000)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
univ intake
HSC passed students

59. Education Policy 2009
Yet Another Challenge!
 Allocation to Education
◦ Current Expenditure 1.5*%
◦ To HE sector 0.21 %
◦ New Education Policy: 7% by 2015
 Allocation % of HE to Education
◦ Current: 17.5 % ($ 0.5B)
◦ New Education Policy: 20%
 Less then 4.7 % (1.1 million) access to higher
education
◦ Will be raised to10% by 2015 (Enhance by 1.4 Million)
◦ 15% by 2020 (Enhance by 3.05 Million)

60. Funding Implication
 GDP
◦ Current: $ 168 billion
◦ 2015 Estimated GDP $ 220 billion
 Allocations in 2015
◦ 7 % to Education: Rs.1464 billion ($17.6B)
◦ 20% to HEC: Rs. 293 billion* ($3.5B)
 * At least 35-37 % increase every year
to meet the Education Policy goals by
2015

61. In Conclusion: HEC Plans
 Move ahead with the same momentum
 Improve equitable access
 Correct imbalances
 Ensure better governance and accountability
 Focus on world class quality in education
and research
 Innovate and help create a knowledge
economy relevant to the socio-economic
development of Pakistan

62. New Role for Universities
Economic Impact of Research
• UITSP
• Industry
Relevant
Centers
• Curriculum
Review
• New Academic
Programs
Univ. Industry
Linkage
• Office of
Research
• Patent Search
Support
• International
Patenting
Support
IP Protection
• Pakistan
Innovation
Board
• Technology
Incubator
Incubation

63. New Roles for the Universities
 Universities Building Communities
◦ Poverty Alleviation
◦ Communication
 Universities Building Economies
◦ Relevance and Value Addition
◦ Incubators and Technology Parks
 Fund Raising
◦ Continuing Education
◦ Research & Consultancy
◦ Philanthropy
 Addressing National Challenges
◦ Education, Health, Food Security, Water & Energy

64. Thank you.