Traditional Thai Musical Instruments (1/ 2)

Traditional Thai Musical Instruments (1/2)
(String and Percussion)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia and YouTube
Image credit: http://www.siamdontrithai.com/catalog.php?idp=959

Traditional Thai musical instruments (Thai: เครื่องดนตรีไทย)
are the musical instruments used in the traditional and classical
music of Thailand. They comprise a wide range of wind, string,
and percussion instruments played by both the Thai majority as
well as the nation's ethnic minorities.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Thai_musical_instruments
Image credit: https://sites.google.com/site/arisara0824662140/home/ranad-xek

Image credit: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gong_and_Chime_Culture_Map.jpg
This map shows the extent of gong-chime culture throughout Southeast Asia.
Included are the three major genres of music prevalent in the region: this includes
the gamelan of western Indonesia, the kulingtang of the Eastern Indonesia, the
Southern Philippines, Eastern Malaysia, Brunei and Timor, and the Pipha of
Myanmar, Thailand, Laos and Cambodia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulintang

In the traditional Thai system of organology, they are
classified into four categories, by the action used in playing:
Plucking (plucked string instruments; เครื่องดีด, khrueang dit)
Bowing (bowed string instruments; เครื่องสี, khrueang si)
Striking (percussion instruments and hammered dulcimer;
เครื่องตี, khrueang ti)
Blowing (wind instruments; เครื่องเป่า, khrueang pao)
Traditional Thai musical instruments also are classified into
four categories, by the region of Thailand in which they are
used.

String
Plucked
1. Grajabpi (กระจับปี่) - ancient fretted lute
2. Jakhe (จะเข้) - crocodile-shaped fretted floor zither with
three strings.The first two strings are made from silk,and the
last is made from bronze
3. Phin (พิณ) - three-stringed lute used in the Isan region of
northeastern Thailand
4. Phin phia (พิณเพียะ) - chest-resonated stick zither played
by the Lanna of northern Thailand
5. Sueng (ซึง) - plucked lute from the Lanna region of
northern Thailand
6. Phin hai (พิณไห) or hai song (ไหซอง) - a set of
earthenware jars with rubber bands stretched over the open
mouths

String: Bowed
7. Saw duang (ซอด้วง) - higher two-string fiddle with
hardwood body; used in classical music
8. Saw sam sai (ซอสามสาย) - three-string spike fiddle with
coconut shell body; used in classical music; also known as
the most beautiful of the fiddles
9. Saw u (ซออู้) - lower two-string fiddle with a coconut shell
body; used in classical music
10. Saw pip (ซอปีบ or ซอปี๊บ) or saw krapong (ซอกระป๋อง)-
two-string fiddles with body made from a metal can; used in
the Isan region of northeast Thailand; saw krapong is smaller
11. Saw bang/Saw poo thai (ซอบั้ง) - a made from bamboo,
used in the Isan region of northeast Thailand
12. Salo (สะล้อ) - two- or three-string spike fiddle used in the
Lanna region

String: Struck
Khim (ขิม) - hammered dulcimer was classified as an
idiophone (Chinese – Yangquin)
Image credit: http://singtakas.blogspot.com/2015/08/blog-post_36.html

View this musical instrument from YouTube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cD-c8qZqR_8

1. Grajabpi (กระจับปี่) - ancient fretted lute [bowed]
The Cambodian version of the Krachappi, called chapey.
The two cultures use the same instrument.
Image credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krachappi#/media/File:Cambodian_musician_playing_Chapey,_1880.jpg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7laHY4QLEw8&start_radio=1&list=RD7laHY4QLEw8&t=0

2. Jakhe (จะเข้) - crocodile-shaped fretted floor zither with
three strings. The first two strings are made from silk, and
the last is made from bronze. [bowed]
Image credit: https://infograph.venngage.com/p/167779/4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKeMg0E7s1k

3. Phin (พิณ) - three-stringed lute used in the Isan region
of northeastern Thailand [bowed]
Image credit:e-bay

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0W67apb6okA

4. Phin phia (พิณเพียะ) - chest-resonated stick zither played
by the Lanna of northern Thailand [bowed]
Image credit:http://musicbiw.blogspot.com/2015/11/blog-post.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9i9lIAhGXVw

5. Sueng (ซึง) - plucked lute from the Lanna region of
northern Thailand [bowed]
Image credit: https://sites.google.com/site/memid308/home/kheruxng-dntri-thiy-phakh-henux

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quCmO0vkcr8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZnUMm59bMg

6. Phin hai (พิณไห) or hai song (ไหซอง) - a set of
earthenware jars with rubber bands stretched over the open
mouths [bowed]
Image credit: http://tkapp.tkpark.or.th/stocks/content/developer1/thaimusic/99_pinhai/web/big3.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FV7NBAgh3Jw

Image credit: http://singtakas.blogspot.com/2015/08/blog-post_46.html
http://warichthaimusic.blogspot.com/2011/01/blog-post_9361.html
7. Saw duang (ซอด้วง – Huchin) - higher two-string fiddle
with hardwood body; used in classical music [bowed]

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9EsKXkg5pVs

8. Saw sam sai (ซอสามสาย) - three-string spike fiddle with
coconut shell body; used in classical music; also known as
the most beautiful of the fiddles. [bowed]
Image credit: http://www.donmusics.com/sawsamsai.html; & http://bansorthailand.com/product_view.php?id=8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6YawBWUKwXY

Image credit: https://global.rakuten.com/en/store/tirakita/item/id-sarang-5/ SAW U
9. Saw u (ซออู้) - lower two-string fiddle with a coconut shell
body; used in classical music [bowed]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Thailand

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VS9iwwbmCpI

10. Saw pip (ซอปีบ or ซอปี๊บ) or saw krapong (ซอกระป๋อง)-
two-string fiddles with body made from a metal can; used in
the Isan region of northeast Thailand; saw krapong is smaller
Image credit: http://culture.neu.ac.th/phumipayya-thxng-thin/phumipayyaphunthinsxkapibbannonrangdoybuycanthrphechrmeuxngley

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjCzAXXgua0

11. Saw bang/Saw poo thai (ซอบั้ง) - a made from bamboo,
used in the Isan region of northeast Thailand [bowed]
Image credit: http://tkapp.tkpark.or.th/stocks/content/developer1/thaimusic/78_sawbang/web/big1.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=upWe2FXXGi8

12. Salo (สะล้อ) - two- or three-string spike fiddle used in
the Lanna (north) region [bowed]
Image credit: https://sites.google.com/site/memid308/home/kheruxng-dntri-thiy-phakh-henux & https://th.wikipedia.org/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c2gAYj_Xlhg

Percussion
Drums
1. Taphon (ตะโพน) or klawng taphon (กลองตะโพน) - sacred
barrel drum; played with the hands and used in the piphat
ensemble and it is an membranophone
2. Taphon mon (ตะโพนมอญ) - large drum played with the
hand, used in the Piphat Mon
3. Glong thad (กลองทัด) - large drum played with sticks;
usually played in a pair and used in the piphat ensemble
4. Rammana (รามะนา) - frame drum; played with the hand
5. Thon (Thailand) - Goblet Drum; played with the hand

Drums (continued)
6. Glong thap (กลองทับ) - goblet drum used primarily in
southern Thai folk music, also used to create a beat in
southern that shows or Nora shows.
7. Glong khaek (กลองแขก) - barrel drum; played with the
hands and generally played in pairs
8. Glong songna (กลองสองหน้า) - barrel drum; played
with the hands
9. Glong yao (กลองยาว) - long drum; played with the hands
10. Poengmang khok (เปิงมางคอก), or simply poengmang
(เปิงมาง) - set of tuned drums used in the piphat mon
11. Glong chatri (กลองชาตรี) - same as Glong thad but
smaller, played with sticks; used in the piphat chatri

Drums (continued)
12. Glong banthoh (กลองบัณเฑาะว์) - smallest hourglass
pellet drum, like the Damaru and Dhadd in India; used in
the Royal Thai Brahmanism-Hinduism Ceremony or ritual
about the Thai Royal Family
13. Glong seng (กลองเส็ง), Glong ching (กลองจิ่ง), or Glong
tae (กลองแตะ) - large drum played with sticks; generally
played in pairs and used in competition in the Isan region of
northeast Thailand, particularly by the Phu Thai people

Percussion: Drums
1. Taphon (ตะโพน) or klawng taphon (กลองตะโพน) - sacred
barrel drum; played with the hands and used in the piphat
ensemble and it is an membranophone
Image credit: http://www.landco-sportland.com/product_music.php?categories=
Thai%20Musical&subcat=Percussion%20Instrument&Page=7&Page_spit=192&brands=&Type=
Image credit:https://www.123rf.com/photo_37829496_thai-classical-music-instrument-thai-drum-on-white-
background.html?fromid=Z2E0TUpGK3lNTXJhem9NQ0xWUmRSdz09

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uAT1DnLbraw

2. Taphon mon (ตะโพนมอญ) - large drum played with the
hand, used in the Piphat Mon
Image credit: http://119.46.166.126/self_all/selfaccess10/m4/art4_1/lesson3/p135_3.php

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tsOOdJhIcB4

3. Glong thad (กลองทัด) - large drum played with sticks;
usually played in a pair and used in the piphat ensemble
Image credit: http://www.123rf.com/photo_38191644_thai-classical-music-instrument-thai-drum-on-white-
background.html?fromid=Z2E0TUpGK3lNTXJhem9NQ0xWUmRSdz09; and www.landco-sportland.com/product_
music.php?categories=Thai%20Musical&subcat=Percussion%20Instrument&Page=5&Page_spit=128&brands=&Type=

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4QjdDVORh8U

4. Rammana (รามะนา) - frame drum; played with the hand
Image credit:http://www.landco-sportland.com/product_music.php?categories=Thai%20Musical&subcat=
Percussion%20Instrument&brands=SIAM%20DONTRITHAI; & www.123rf.com/photo_37829495_thai-classical-
music-instrument-thai-drum-on-white-background.html?fromid=SHp2R0REQTBjNVppblB2cGw0eGhQUT09

5. Thon (Thailand) - Goblet Drum; played with the hand
Image credit: http://www.123rf.com/photo_93394545_drum-musical-instrument-thai-or-tone-isolated-on-white-
background.html?fromid=Z2E0TUpGK3lNTXJhem9NQ0xWUmRSdz09 [Tone]; &
tkapp.tkpark.or.th/stocks/content/opendream/instruments1/95_tone_rammana/web/big1.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VDGlZL97lgI

6. Glong thap (กลองทับ) - goblet drum used primarily in
southern Thai folk music, also used to create a beat in
southern that shows or Nora shows.
Image credit: http://www.landco-sportland.com/product_music.php?categories=Thai%20Musical&subcat=
Percussion%20Instrument&Page=5&Page_spit=128&brands=&Type=

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v8EGdCVap7s

7. Glong khaek (กลองแขก – Indian drum) - barrel drum;
played with the hands and generally played in pairs
Image credit: http://tkapp.tkpark.or.th/stocks/content/developer1/thaimusic/89_klongkak/web/big1.html
http://www.landco-sportland.com/product_music.php?categories=Thai%20Musical&subcat=
Percussion%20Instrument&Page=2&Page_spit=32&brands=&Type=

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2z94_ISpp1w

8. Glong songna (กลองสองหน้า) - barrel drum; played
with the hands
Image credit: http://เครื่องดนตรีไทย.blogspot.com/2009/06/blog-post_29.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wllP7sKG8Uw

9. Glong yao (กลองยาว) - long drum; played with the hands
Image credit: http://www.landco-sportland.com/product_music.php?categories=Thai%20Musical&subcat=
Percussion%20Instrument&Page=2&Page_spit=32&brands=SIAM%20DONTRITHAI&Type=

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7RagnG9K6bw

10. Poengmang khok (เปิงมางคอก), or simply poengmang
(เปิงมาง) - set of tuned drums used in the piphat mon
Image credit: http://tkapp.tkpark.or.th/stocks/content/opendream/instruments1/43_perng_mang_kok/web/big2.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-qI3o1kueqc

11. Glong chatri (กลองชาตรี) - same as Glong thad but
smaller, played with sticks; used in the piphat chatri
Image credit: https://th.wikipedia.org

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7qf_2X2vTc

12. Glong banthoh (กลองบัณเฑาะว์) - smallest hourglass
pellet drum, like the Damaru and Dhadd in India; used in
the Royal Thai Brahmanism-Hinduism Ceremony or ritual
about the Thai Royal Family
Image credit: https://www.facebook.com/1976145065964611/photos/a.1978982305680887/1978982309014220/?type=1&theater

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTGAu978wNY

13. Glong seng (กลองเส็ง), Glong ching (กลองจิ่ง), or Glong
tae (กลองแตะ) - large drum played with sticks; generally
played in pairs and used in competition in the Isan region
of northeast Thailand, particularly by the Phu Thai people.
Image credit: http://tkapp.tkpark.or.th/stocks/content/developer1/thaimusic/110_klongseng/web/big2.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNtdcC1G5kI

Percussion
Gong chimes
1. Khong wong lek (ฆ้องวงเล็ก) - higher gong circle;
comprises many small tuned bossed gongs mounted in a
rattan frame
2. Khong wong yai (ฆ้องวงใหญ่)- lower gong circle; comprises
many small tuned bossed gongs mounted in a rattan frame
3. Khong mon (ฆ้องมอญ) - set of many small tuned bossed
gongs arranged in vertical curved frame; usually primarily in
funeral music
4. Khong rang (ฆ้องราง) - set of eight tuned gongs suspended
horizontally in a straight frame; similar to the southern
Philippine kulintang; rare

1. Khong wong lek (ฆ้องวงเล็ก) - higher gong circle;
comprises many small tuned bossed gongs mounted in a
rattan frame.
Image credit: http://tkapp.tkpark.or.th/stocks/content/developer1/thaimusic/93_kongwonglek/web/big1.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yCg4fP0LRu0

2. Khong wong yai (ฆ้องวงใหญ่)- lower gong circle; comprises
many small tuned bossed gongs mounted in a rattan frame.
Image credit: http://www.landco-sportland.com/product_music.php?categories=Thai%20Musical&subcat=&Page=13&Page_spit=384&brands=&Type=

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HaM-4dtEU4Y

3. Khong mon (ฆ้องมอญ) - set of many small tuned bossed
gongs arranged in vertical curved frame; usually primarily in
funeral music
Image credit: http://tkapp.tkpark.or.th/stocks/content/opendream/instruments1/60_kong_mon_wong_lek/web/big1.html
http://www.landco-sportland.com/product_music.php?categories=Thai%20Musical&subcat=&Page=
13&Page_spit=384&brands=&Type=

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3hbR5avhBRg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nw47od1OYMY

4. Khong rang (ฆ้องราง) - set of eight tuned gongs suspended
horizontally in a straight frame; similar to the southern
Philippine kulintang; rare. Nowadays, it is not displayed in
Thai classical music.
Image credit: http://www.thaigoodview.com/library/contest1/art04/09/htmls/crang.html

References
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Thai_musical_instruments
2. https://google.com
3. https://tminstrument.wordpress.com
4. http://khlui-lamphong.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_1.html
5. http://www.siamdontrithai.com/catalog.php?idp=959
6. http://krutri.samroiwit.ac.th/
7. http://www.landco-sportland.com/
8. http://tkapp.tkpark.or.th/
9. https://youtube.com
10. https://sites.google.com/site/peeranutpimyotha/hnwy-kar-reiyn-ru1
11. https://sites.google.com/site/memid308/home/kheruxng-dntri-thiy-
phakh-henux

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