2. • PAKISTAN AND CHINA HAVE A LONGSTANDING AND MULTIFACETED
RELATIONSHIP THAT ENCOMPASSES VARIOUS AREAS SUCH AS POLITICAL,
ECONOMIC, AND MILITARY COOPERATION. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE
TWO COUNTRIES IS OFTEN DESCRIBED AS "ALL-WEATHER FRIENDSHIP" OR
"IRON BROTHERS." HERE ARE SOME KEY ASPECTS OF THE PAKISTAN-CHINA
RELATIONSHIP

3. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND:
PAKISTAN
• PAKISTAN AND CHINA ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS ON MAY 21, 1951, BECOMING THE FIRST
MUSLIM-MAJORITY COUNTRY AND THE FIRST COMMUNIST COUNTRY TO RECOGNIZE EACH OTHER. THE
RELATIONSHIP STRENGTHENED FURTHER OVER THE YEARS AND HAS BEEN CHARACTERIZED BY MUTUAL
TRUST, SUPPORT, AND SHARED INTERESTS.

4. STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP
•PAKISTAN AND CHINA SHARE A STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP AIMED
AT ENHANCING REGIONAL STABILITY AND PROMOTING THEIR
COMMON GOALS. BOTH COUNTRIES FREQUENTLY EXCHANGE
HIGH-LEVEL VISITS AND HAVE INSTITUTIONALIZED THEIR
COOPERATION THROUGH VARIOUS MECHANISMS, INCLUDING
THE CHINA-PAKISTAN STRATEGIC DIALOGUE.

5. ECONOMIC COOPERATION
• ECONOMIC TIES BETWEEN PAKISTAN AND CHINA HAVE EXPANDED SIGNIFICANTLY IN RECENT YEARS.
CHINA HAS BECOME PAKISTAN’S LARGEST TRADING PARTNER AND A MAJORINVESTOR. THE CHINA-
PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR (CPEC), A FLAGSHIP PROJECT OF CHINA’SBELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE
(BRI), AIMS TO IMPROVE INFRASTRUCTURE, ENERGY, AND CONNECTIVITYBETWEEN THE TWO
COUNTRIES. CPEC HAS THE POTENTIAL TO TRANSFORM PAKISTAN’S ECONOMY BY CREATING JOBS,
ATTRACTING INVESTMENT, AND IMPROVING TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS.

6. MILITARY COOPERATION:
• PAKISTAN AND CHINA MAINTAIN ROBUST MILITARY COOPERATION. THEY CONDUCT JOINT MILITARY
EXERCISES, EXCHANGE MILITARY DELEGATIONS, AND ENGAGE IN DEFENSECOLLABORATION. CHINA HAS
BEEN A MAJOR SUPPLIER OF MILITARY EQUIPMENT TO PAKISTAN, INCLUDING AIRCRAFT, NAVAL VESSELS,
AND MISSILE SYSTEMS. THE TWO COUNTRIES ALSO COOPERATE IN AREAS SUCH AS DEFENSE
PRODUCTION, TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, AND TRAINING.

7. PEOPLE-TO-PEOPLE EXCHANGES:
• PEOPLE-TO-PEOPLEEXCHANGES BETWEEN PAKISTAN AND CHINA HAVE INCREASED OVER THE YEARS.
THERE IS A GROWING NUMBER OF PAKISTANI STUDENTS STUDYING IN CHINA, AND CULTURAL EVENTS
AND ACADEMIC EXCHANGES CONTRIBUTE TO A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING ANDFRIENDSHIP BETWEEN THE
TWO NATIONS.