1. OIL
TO
WARS &
TO
AGRICULTURE
& RIVERS
RR F&A
How 150 Years of Greed, War, Bad Science (Dams, fertilizers and chemicals)
& arrogance destroying the
Human Civilization in world and in India.

2. Why Free market or Globalisation?
• There are two ways to conquer and enslave a
nation. One is by sword… The other is by debt.
……. John Adams 1826, United States President, Freedom Fighter who fought
British for American Independence
• “Trade is nerve center of economy and war is necessary to protect the
trade”
Louis XVI, The French King who laid the policy of trade for west.

3. We, before surrender to East India
Company!!
• India was a FOOD BOWL of world with Diverse and balanced organically
grown crops.
• No chemical fertilizers, no pesticides, no genetically modified organisms
(GMOs)
• Rich Soil, soil fertility self replenishing
• Rivers were usual flowing with no dams, none occupied catchment area.
• Rains coming properly and seasonally (no climate disturbance)
• Self sufficient, environmentally intellegent, eco-friendly river delta
management of uncivilised barbarians aka Indians (as Winston Churchill
say)

4. Some “gentlemen” say “we were
better under British control?”
• We progressed steadily In destruction of Agriculture and our
rivers since the occupation of British (lump-sum 150 -200
years) but with great speed when British left into such eco-
disastrous, river damaging community wiping agriculture
practises in just 60 years?
• Did we do this to ourselves deliberately consciously or under
pressure from world bank agri MNCs or public going mad?
• In continental USA the British deliberately distributed chicken
pox, small pox bacteria laced blankets to the local Indian
communities so that everyone was dead and their lands
properties wealth could be occupied.

5. Slavery to “Neo colonialism”
• after British gained a foot hold in India steadily started to disturb, undermine and
destroy the strength of India, its people, their values, their cultural bonds and
most important the source of all the above Rivers.
• The process of this understanding of rivers and agriculture in any country is
termed as Cultural Anthropology or Behavioral (Alluvial) Sociology.
• Both of these fields of knowledge study how the river flow affects culture and
wealth of communities thus sociological relations among various sections of
society.
• By understanding this thoroughly, the river flow can be disturbed which directly
effects changes among the social order.

6. Alluvial Sociology as basis of
Ethno Genesis conflicts
By understanding this thoroughly, the river flow can be disturbed which directly effects changes
among the social order.
• Agri (culture) & Cultural Anthropology & Behavioral (Alluvial) Sociology
• The science of understanding flow of Rivers, Societies and Conflicts.
Stage I
• The civilization its development reaction response pattern basically depends on the
connectivity established with the river banks over which they evolved.
• If the River Flow is congenial to the commercial traffic all the way from the beginning of the
river to the merging with the sea homogeneous cultures and food habits develop. Nile, US
River based Indians, Western and Eastern Indian Civilizations are all examples of the fact.
• If the river flow is violent and passes through mountain areas or thick jungles then totally
isolated communities develop with little interaction. Tribal societies along Euphrates,
Amazon. Brahmaputra etc are examples of this.
• It is imperative to understand these differences before conquering the territories-resources
and people.
• For example British bombed tribal resistance in Somalia or Iraq during 1900-1945, with No
nation wide response of larger mobilizations.

7. Agenda of Greed based
Bad science and Geopolitics
• First disturb deface and destroy (DDD)
• The science of blocking the flow of the rivers- Community destruction,
massive fertilizer pesticide consumption, poverty creation, water wars,
national state conflicts and food dependency became a norm in
liberalized and privatized world.
• This became a official hidden doctrinal basis of the redrawing the
geography and re colonization of the territories of Asia and Africa and of
course India post WW 2 in the form of Liberalization and Privatization.

8. Stage II - Engineering social shifts.
• By blocking or damming uninterrupted river flow the homogeneity and continuity of
populations can be broken, thus inducing mobility or changing the occupational habits and
cultural values including food habits vertically urbanization.
• Alluvial flow of the rivers is the one that grinds the minerals soils medicinal curst layers by
rain waters that fall on forests and mountain tops and nourishes soil when river flow comes
down stream.
• These fertile lands does not need any other artificial fertilizers.
• But once they are dammed or course is altered then the fertile sediments will get struck at
the base of dams and year by year thus reduce the available flow of water and rich
mineralization of and rejuvenation of soil and alters moisture contents in the down stream.
• The low lands will starve of nourishments and the cynical cycle of artificial Fertilizer
utilization increases but will definitely fail crops in the long run as the farmers will loose for
the corporate game of ever increasing fertilizer costs and will be forced to abandon and
move in to urbanization.
• This reduces Land cultivated and makes groups and nations depend on MNCs for food
production and in the last decade on seeds for cultivation.
• This loss of soil fertility and reduced water flow happened when Aswan high dam was built.
Finally Egypt has created Nile Dredging Corporation to transport the sediment to the low
lands as fertilizer and now many third world countries thinking to un dam the rivers like
Brazil.

9. Second dangerous process of
damming rivers
• disease generation at the dam sites where with stored stagnant water
mosquito colonies increase.
• Also during the entire course of river down stream to dams (which now
with dams looks like disconnected ponds or lakes or pools of muddy
water) the same phenomenon occurs increasing the mosquito prone
diseases in the entire populations along the river.
• These are like dengue, malaria, swine flu, encephalitis. It is reported about
50% people are suffering water born desease along the river Ganga.
• The land starves with out fertilizers and placer minerals making the
farming community depend on artificial fertilizers pesticides controlled by
war MNCs graduation in to post war scenario –alternate use of chemicals
of war as fertilizers.
• In Hyderabad alone the mosquito containment costs are close to Rs 100
crores diverting valuable public funds for uncalled for diseases benefitting
again medical MNCs.

10. Stage III
Minionism or Re- constructionism
• Minionism or Re-constructionism is a process by which, within an ethnic group,
using either sub-ethnicity (in case of India caste and sub cast) religion or language
homogeneity (or all of them) to achieve political ends that suits either local
national political ends or International players resource strategies. This is more
applicable in post world war scenario where the colonies became independent
and want to pursue their own economic political goals.
• If Language is used as basis of minionism it is Linguistic Re- constructionism –
• 2 Languages 2 Religions ONE country LTTE Sinhala rift here religion is used as
catalyst
• 1 Language ONE country Different religions- Iraq- Shia Sunni Kurd all speak
Arabic but religion is used as catalyst East Timor, Indonesia-Same language
Christian Muslim rift was used as catalyst.
• 1 Language One Country One Religion-Korea North and South Divide here
economic ideology was used as catalyst

11. Re-constructionism in India
• One Language One State Same religious economic ethnicity composition
• UP split in to Uttaranchal Linguistic accent is used as catalyst
• AP agitations for separate state Linguist accent is used as catalyst
• MH Vidharbha Linguist accent is used as catalyst
• If Religion is used as basis of minionism then it is called Religious Re- constructionism
• Shia Sunny fights in Iraq (Islamic Re- constructionism)
• If ethnicity is used as basis it is Ethno Linguist Re-constructionism
• Somali Sudan Ehiopia Tribal Fights Ethno Religious-Linguistic Re- constructionism
• If Economic Ideology is used as basis of minionism it is called ideological Re –
Constructionism.
• Bolshivik, Communist, Soviet, Mao Thought, Naxalism, Marxism, Leninism.
• The weakest in all the above major re-constructionisms is the process based on Economic
Ideology.
• The post-independence basis of the various re-constructionisms in India might have
stemmed from either genuine or assumed concerns. But the wrong labeling or wrong
handling them lead to a greater danger of Disintegration and political instability.
• BJP RSS Jansangh - Hindu Re-constructionism projected as Right wing
Fundamentalist
• Congress - Muslim/Christian Re-constructionism projected as Secular Politics
• NE Tribal insurgencies Christian Re-constructionism projected as Separatist
Freedom Fights

12. RIVERS the SOURCE OF WEALTH
• Interestingly people are what they eat daily ?
• What they eat daily is the realm of agriculture. The extent of the agriculture depends on the
un obstructed river flows and that is why all civilizations developed along with flow of the
rivers.
• Rivers are used for three purposes water (drinking and agrarian) transportation (upstream to
down stream travel) river eco-system commerce and of lately for electricity generation.
• Commerce is two types what is produced in the river (fish, shrimp algae etc) what is brought
by the river (rare earth metals, gold, diamonds, sedimentation containing trace or placer
deposits of every known mineral useful as natural fertilizer for crops.
• These above three are the common bonds for all those living along the river side from the
beginning of the rivers to the delta where they merge with the sea.

13. Rivers : Source of gold and
diamonds
• Only those rivers bring diamonds or gold which are formed on the
sedimentation of volcanic eruptions lava flows. The soil they haul is called
alluvial soil. Rivers in North South America Africa and India are capable of
such things.
• Europeans first observed this rivers as carriers of rare metals and
diamonds after their contact with Africa. This was the beginning of the
Great Gold Rush (read as Gold Loot) that resulted in the destruction of
Africa.
• The same Rush was exhibited in Americas, Spanish Gold Rush to south
America, California Gold Rush, Texas Gold Rush, Great Canadian Gold rush
all resulted in the large Human Depopulation ecological disasters for Gold
and other metals that rivers bring.
• Many multinationals serving sedimentation treatment for free in Ganges
Dams sites.??

14. Rivers : Source of diamonds and
rare earth materials
• Till this point all knew gold is gold and diamonds are
diamonds-ornamental significance. So who ever found them
were the keepers of them or sellers of them.
• The rivers were bringing fresh diamonds gold particles along
with water and fish and all are happy. In fact the rivers need
to flow properly otherwise the gold and diamonds cannot be
mined. All this situation changed with the discoveries of uses
of Diamonds and Gold.
• Along with jewellary and ornamental applications Diamond
are a very important in warfare and other strategic
application!!

15. . (This part of gold diamonds their applications and the destruction of rivers by damming and
destroying delta ecologies is discussed in part two along with Genetically Modified Organisms)
The Beginning
VERTICLE 1 –NPK
• Justus Von Liebig German Scientist & Chemist
(Father of Chemical Agriculture)
Accidentally discovered that burnt ashes of plant will nourish plant. And concluded that the
The composition of burned ashes helped plant nourishment. That chemical composition of ash
found by the scientist became known was
Nitrogen Phosphorous and Potash or (Potasium Carbonate) or today NPK
150 years later still we use the same though the same scientist Requested to discard that .
In 1875 as he accepted he made a mistake in analysis.
German Businessmen unable to colonize any African or Asian country as then entered late in to
Colonial conquest rather focused on new business. They found many German rock salts are a
Variates of the above (Muriates) potash. An industry propped up to ground these salts and
throw on crops.
Business Concept of PP : Profit and Patriotism

16. VERTICLE 2 – PHOSPHATE AND SUPER PHOSPATE
For 2000 years Egyptians and Romans used powdered bones for growth of PLANTS.
5 Sea Based Calcium Phosphate discovered. So Believed that it was nothing
but bones of Dead Animals.
Bones (Calcium) + Sulphuric Acid = Super Phosphate
With abundance of Sea based Calcium Phophate, industrial launch of Super Phosphate
Occurred.
VERTICLE 3 – ALKALIS
Arabs used Sea Bleach called Alkali derived from Salt water Plant ashes and used it in
cleaning.
Its chemical composition understood by 1890 and then all compounds were made by
British company United Alkali Corporation which became in 1891 Imperial Chemical
Industries.

17. NEXT 10 Years so many GERMAN industries launched making Super Phosphate
and Potash and dumping all that on unsuspecting farmers and farm lands.
1865 Liebig DECLARED that non longer HUMUS (Orgaic Manure Earth
worms etc) Necessary for Agriculture as there was initial spur of crop
productivity. “there is not the shadow of proof that either of them exerts any
influence on the growth of plants either in the way of nourishment or otherwise”
1865-1875 The productivity started declining and more and more fertilizer was
needed from 1865 to 1875 Von Ludwig studied this phenomenon and in
• Von Ludwig Declared that it is the HUMIC ACID THAT AIDS THE
PLANTS GROWTH NOT POTASH or SUPEER PHOSPHATE.
“the secret to fertilizingsoil precisely lay in this organic excreta,
not chemicals”
INDUSTRY JUST IGNORED HIM AS THEY HAVE ALREADY INVESTED LOT OF
MONEY IN TO POTASH AND SUPER PHOSPHATE MAKING INDUSTRIES
SINCE 1855 till 1875.

18. VERTICLE 4 – BENZENE RING & MILLION CHEMICALS
• William Henry Perkins British Chemist
Mauve Dye from Benzene. It is first Aniline Dye used in coloring.
• Frederick Von Kekule discovered that Benzene Ring and found
multiple ways of creating Chemical compounds with much deadlier effects.
VERTICLE 5 – AMMONIA NH4
• Fritz Haber first synthesized Ammonia NH 4 in laboratory setting. It is used in explosives.
Carl Bosch first created Synthetic Ammonia Plant paved way for explosive industry which
became the cause of Germany launching World War 1 in 1914 – 1919 for domination in
colonies which were denied to them due to their late entry.
Concept : Patriotism and Profit.
Ammonium Nitrate explosives killed more than 600 000 during world war 1
919 – 1939 This Nitrogen and Ammonia by these companies dumped on the Crops all across
Europe and Africa by these companies offering incentives to farmers from war
profits.
925 – Post war US and GERMAN CHEMICAL COMPANIES MERGED to form I G FARBEN

19. This weakened the resistance of crops paving the way for ever widening toxic
Chemical synthesis thanks to Benzene Ring.
VERTICLE 6 – DDT
1939 PAUL MUELLER invented DDT and sold the same to ALLIES.
This killed with astonishing speed all BUGS
To keep soidiers in the trenches from filthy conditions and infectuous diseases
During I and II world ward this DDT is used indiscriminately.
During II world war as all labor moved to war with the labor shortage the farmers
Started using Deadly chemicals to keep bugs away as substitute and mechanized
The whole farming.
The explosives made by these chemicals killied close to 6 000 000 in WW II
10 Times more than the number killed in WW I

20. Inter War Years 1919- 1939 and 1945 – 1965
Winners USA has war time profits and losers Germans produced
Eminent scientists chemists etc.
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT MODEL
OIL CHEMICALS PESTICIDES EXPLOSIVES GUNS
War Time Profits – Free Money
to
BANKS
Loan to
PROFITS
Chemical Companies Agricultural
Pesticide Companies Mechanization Companies
HU G E
Offered Credit Facilities offered credit facilities
Government Subsidies Government Subsidies
To Farmers to Farmers
Increased Consumption of Pests Fertilizers Exponentially

21. Inter War Years 1919- 1939 and 1945 – 1965
Plants Weakened
Attracted More Bugs and Pests and Pesticide Resistant Bugs
More Chemicals Needed with CHLORINE DERIVATIVES
Chlodane
Heptachlor
Dieldrin
Aldrin
ENDRINE - The leading Cause of Suicide in India
Organic Phosphates
Parathion & Malathion

22. 1945 – 1968
1945 Post war 18 American Ammonia Making Giant Chemical Companies were
forced to find alternative Uses of Ammonia Flourine etc
Leading among them are
Du Pont, Dow Chemicals, Monsanto, American Cyanamide, IG Farben etc
All Chemicals dumped on Farms and Flourine in water cleaning
Europe USA
Dumped on
AFRICA LATIN AMERICA & USA

23. Resistance mounted from 1919 for chemical usage in Agriculture in USA and Europe
After comprehensive study from 1948 to 1968 Italian Scientist Amerigo Mosca winner of
Chemistry Prize in Brussels world Science fair
Proved beyond doubt in 1975 in his report to ITALIAN GOVERNMENT that
Farm Chemicals are Radiomimetic (imitates radio active materials) Effects are similar to
Radiation. (these include fungicides of organic synthesis like Zineb, Captan, Phaltan etc.)
All Chemicals dumped on Africa are equivalent to
29 H Bombs of 14 M.Tons
14500 A Bombs of Hiroshima Type
By 1970 USA produced
453 000 Tons of Chemicals equivalent to
145 H Bombs of 14 M.Tons
72 000 A Bombs of Hiroshima Type
From 1945 to 1975 Mentally Retarded Children in Live Births increased 15%
30% sperm count down in productive males
(because of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticidies like RCB DDT)
25% of the male college students Sterile
This report was classified by Italian and US governments at the request of
ITALIAN CHEMIAL FERTILIZER GIANT MONTEDISON
Glossed off and forgotten.

24. RESISTENCE &COUNTER RESEARCH
INDIA 1914 – 1945
SIR ALBERT HOWARD
Imperial Chemist Botanist, Government of British Raj, Pusa Agri Facility
Author of
The Soil and Health
Conducted Research in to the comparison of Chemical Fertilizer Farms
versus Organic Bio Fertilizer Vermi compost Farms
Organic Food Vs Chemical Fertilizer Food
Cattle fed on are resistant for Hoof and Mouth Disease & Mad Cow & other infections
Cattle fed on Ammonia/Sulphate break out of disease
(Even today Ongole Bull Semen is smuggled to US Brazil)
Organic Food brings Immunity to
Parasitic Activity
Degenerative Disease Immunity
Preventive of occurring diseases
Creative of New energies
Chemicals leave imperfectly synthesized protein in leaver causing all diseases.
CONCLUDED IN 1945 CHEMICALS WERE WASTE OF MONEY.

25. Chemically grown Wheat Pulses are 15% to 25% DEFICIENT in
Protein thus giving the argument that Vegetarian Food is defficient and
Need meat supplements Which was pushed by the cattle industry.
Once the Mechanization is on full swing the cattle that was used in farming was excess.
Forced in to meat consumption. The chemical dousing of land helped the
Meat industry to stabilize by promoting the meat consumption as the natural foods
Are becoming deficient in nutritional values.
But the chemical consumption pushed variour new forms of disease in cattle and other animals
Used in meat industry like Mouth and Hoof disease finally culminating in the deadly
Wasting Disease called BSE and its human verrsion CZK disease.

26. 1936 J I Rodate founder of magazine Organic Gardening and Farming
CHINA only with Organic Farming feeding
100 Million Cattle
300 Million Hogs
600 Million People
1939 Dr William A Albrecht, Chaiman, Dept.of Soils, University of Missouri
Soil Fertility declines with the lack of ORGANIC MATERIAL &
Trace Material and Elements.
Growth of Degenerative Diseases
1901 – 29 1920-29 1947-48
10% < 39% 60%
1939-1969 Louis Bloomfield, author of Rains Came, came to India learned about
Humus, Plant Nutrition, Soil Management, Came to
Pleasant Valley, OHIO, Started Malabar Farm.
Lady Eve Balfour, Published The Living Soil.

27. 1948
Louis Bloomfield was slated to become Secretary Agriculture
if
Thomas E Dewey would have won US Elections
But Harry Truman won the election and
Appointed Charles Walters Jr (a devout Jesuit) as
Agriculture Secretary (1948 – 1980)
• Richard Carson published SILENT SPRING
Bird, Christopher published
Soil Management, Organic Farming, Agricultural
Ecology

28. All Chemicals Fertilizers Fungicides
1948-1968
Europe USA
Dumped on
AFRICA LATIN AMERICA & USA
When Awareness raised and Latin America and Africa Resisted
Then
They Dumped Every thing on
INDIA
Between 1968 - 1975 (Green Revolution)

29. Indian Scenario 1900 – 1968
Chemical Fertilizer Consumption
until 1968 1978-79
3.5 kilos per hectare (1 ½ Acres) 50 kilos per hectare
Country Consumption 1.1 Million tons 50 MillionTons
REASONS
World Bank applied pressure to allow
STANDARD OIL OF CALIFORNIA its subsidiary
INTERNATIONAL MINERALS AND CHEMICALS
Forced Government to back farm credit, give loans to farmers, subsidize chemicals
Rather than war Profits Public Tax Money Was siphoned for paying
International fertilizer companies.
From then no turning back. What was rejected in Europe USA and Africa was
Dumped on unsuspecting Indians.

30. Condemning the above approach of dousing world with chemicals
Chromatography Ehrenfried Pfeiffer
Capillary Dynamolisis Lilly Kolisko after 35 years research wrote “Agriculture of Tomorrow”
Sensitive Crystallization Pfeiffer
1950 – 52 First City Organic Compost Plant for solid waste management
constructed in Oakland California, named COMCO COMPANY.
First time a variant TB bacteria is used to decompose the waste
in 1/6 time than natural compost cycle.

31. Dams: USA In perspective
• They rapidly expanded in to agriculture taming the greatest rivers like Missisipi
Missouri etc. Thousands of earth works and dams are built all across the country
from the beginning of 19th century.
• Precisely 79 000 dams (small medium and big). They more than 100 years to
observe and learn the damage or benefits caused by dams.
• Finally with advances of technologies in hydrology river management ecology and
environmental science and high pressure physics the US decided to take a new
path of water management.
• Since 1945 post war US took the lead in demolishing already constructed dams.
They dismantled thousands of dams.
• In the last decade (2001-2012) they de commissioned more than 975 dams at a
pace of 100 dams per year. They realized that the operative costs of maintaining
dams is more than cheap alternatives available in the erstwhile benefits of dams.

32. Dams: Economics of borrowing and
technology purchase
• Big dams are prone to cost overruns: as much as 30% on average, calculates Mc Cully.
• The costs of resettling people are not fully accounted for. Because dams do not last that long,
say greens, it is wrong to treat such energy as renewable.
• By design, dams alter the natural flow regime, and with it virtually every aspect of a river
ecosystem, including water quality, sediment transport and deposition, fish migrations and
reproduction, and riparian and floodplain habitat and the organisms that rely on this habitat.
• Dams also require ongoing maintenance. For example, reservoirs in sediment-laden streams
lose storage capacity as silt accumulates in the reservoir. In arid climates reservoirs also
experience a high rate of water loss to evaporation.
• significant economic impacts on dam owners (private owners of governments,
• In India we have to borrow from world bank to maintain dams) the surrounding community
and society in general.
• As dams age, maintenance costs and safety hazards often increase, resulting in an increasing
financial burden and liability on the dam owner.
• Depending on the river and the fisheries being impacted by the dam, an owner may also be
required to retrofit the structure with fish passage facilities or make other upgrades to
comply with water quality standards.

33. • When dams diminish fisheries, communities can lose jobs and sustenance, or the source of
their cultural or spiritual life. This is the greatest realization on the part of Americans that
Rivers and agri (Culture) goes hand in hand. However, as society has come to understand,
dams can cause significant social and environmental impacts that outweigh the benefits
they provide
• “The consensus among river ecologists is that dams are the single greatest cause of the
decline of river ecosystems”
• World Commission on Dams. Dams and Development: A New Framework for Decision-
Making. Cape Town, 2000.
• Because of these and other concerns, some dam owners and managers or governments are
finding that it makes more sense to remove certain dams, often benefiting the community
ecologically and socially, rather than make costly repairs or upgrades.
• Also it was documented the River will come to life within 6 months removing all pollutants in
it that were done by humans taking them in to sea thus stabilizing them and the entire river
eco system will revert back to its original levels of before damming.
• Americans are the first to revert to Organic farming. Though their MNCs are pumping the
world with deadly industrial chemicals inside their country they created so much regulatory
and activist mechanism that prevented use of harm full chemicals in many areas that could
end up in human or agricultural consumption. (The politics of bottling companies MNCs to
dominate control of water in

34. • Power Generation
• Dams are built for power generation. US alone demonstrated by increasing end user efficiency and using
emerging technologies they can substitute 75% of their hydro electrical power.
• Flood Plain management
• As floodplain managers, state resource agencies and local communities wrestle with the problems
associated with flood-control dams; cities around the country are implementing innovative techniques for
managing floods without new dams. While many of these alternatives are not quick fixes, they are real
solutions that can be implemented with long-term planning. The following are some alternative
approaches to dams for flood management:
• • Reducing runoff
• • Riparian & in-river flood management
• • Separating the people & the threat

35. • Water Diversion - the Primary purpose of Dams (human agricultural purposes)
• A primary purpose of many dams, both large and small, is to facilitate water diversions.
Although existing water supplies can be stretched much further and new water
infrastructure can be delayed using water conservation and efficiency strategies described
below, people will continue to divert
• water from rivers and other surface sources for various purposes.
• Nearly 80 percent of water consumed in the United States comes from surface supplies—
rivers, creeks and lakes.1 In California alone, there are more than 25,000 points of diversion
from streams.2 Thus, there are at least 25,000 locations in the state at which fish and other
river organisms can be
• harmed in the process of meeting our need for water. In many dam investigations, the
question comes down to: could we still divert water if the dam is removed or modified, or
not built at all? In many cases, the answer is yes.

36. Several, more river-friendly alternatives to traditional permanent dam diversion methods are
discussed below, including:
• • Infiltration galleries and wells
• • Screened pipe intakes
• • Seasonal dams
• • Consolidated diversions
• Nigerian activist Nnimmo Basse, winner of the prestigious Right Livelihood Award launched
a movie production series documenting the effects of dams all across the world. The
production was launched today at the COP17 climate meeting in Durban. The video and tour
allow viewers to explore why dams are not the answer to climate change, by learning about
topics such as reservoir emissions, dam safety, and adaptation while visiting real case studies
in the Amazon, Africa, and the Indian and Pakistani Himalayas.
• Between 1939-1969, Louis Bloomfield, author of Rains Came, came to India learned about
Humus, Plant Nutrition, Soil Management, Came to Pleasant Valley, OHIO, USA, and
Started Malabar Farm. Lady Eve Balfour, Published The Living Soil. Despite resistance from
giant Agri Multinationals Americans steadily progressed in replacing at least in their
country the food with organic produce components.

37. CHINA in perspective
• In the year 1936, J I Rodate founder of
magazine Organic Gardening and Farming
reported after studying the Chinese farming
practices that CHINA only with Organic
Farming feeding 100 Million Cattle, 300
Million Hogs, 600 Million People during that
period.
• The only reason China building three Gorges
dam was to loot Gangotri basin water
reserves and store that for future purposes.

38. EU in perspective
• From the beginning there were no huge dams
in EU for electricity. France gets 80% of its
energy needs from nuclear energy. Rivers are
managed more on the lines of Americans. In
the field of organic farming and feeding they
are forefront in research and development.

39. BRAZIL in perspective
• Brazil is the first country to create an
environmental police to protect Amazon river
from being dammed. Brazil is the country that
pushed bio fuels and organic farming as
alternate to chemicals.

40. India in perspective post
liberalization
• On the front of Dams we want to borrow from world bank to maintain our
dams or repair our dams.
• English companies are consultants for this and Australian companies will
teach us how to manage dams and the ecology and remove pollution of
our rivers at a whopping cost of Rs 35 000 crores only for Ganaga River
alone.
• There are two similar attempts done by Indians under Ganga Action Plan 1
(Rs 1000 crores) and Gap 2 (with Rs 10000 crores). Now this time it is Rs
35 000 crores for Ganga alone.
• That too IIT are romped in for authenticity by foreign MNCs. Now IIT
rarely teach a combined curriculum of River Ecology, Fisheries, Alluvial
Sociology, Agricultural development together.

41. We present our views on Water Privatization as
the solution offered to manage the growth in
water consumption and the severe water
scarcity is not viable and we offer alternatives
solutions with their proven success.

42. Water, Water…
• Privatization of water systems:
– Increasing concern: In developing countries
• Triggered by:
– The growth of the for-profit private sector
management
• Attention:
– Who owns, who operates, who pays, how much,
who decides, on what basis?

43. Defining Water Privatization
• India “Disinvestment”
• Bolivia “Capitalization”
• Vietnam “Equitization”
• Sri Lanka “Peoplization”
• China “Ownership reform”
• Mexico “Disincorporation”
• In Essence : Commoditization of Water
• Shifting Power to Corporations
– Manage/Control water viz. Ownership, Collection,
Purification, Distribution, Pricing

44. Multipurpose Projects
 Municipal and Industrial
 Irrigation
 Flood control
 Hydroelectric power
 Navigation
 Water quality
 Recreation
 Fisheries
 Drainage & sediment control
 Preservation and enhancement of natural water areas,
ecological diversity, archeology, etc

45. Models
• Service Contracts
– Short term (1-3 years)
– System Component-wise Contracts
– Usually non-transparent
• D(BOOT)
– Long term (10-20 years)
– Infrastructure development
– Requires large investments
• Divestiture
– Long term (10-20 years)
– Complete transfer of power to private companies

46. Big Promises…
• Private sector is better, more efficient manager
• Improve water/sanitation services, including to poor
• No more water leakages and careful consumption
• No major water rate increases in next 5-10 years
• Private sector infuses capital to finance needed investments (e.g.,
water pipes, sewerage treatment plants)
• No more government subsidies or outlays
• No more political interference, no more corruption

47. Case study: Shivanath River
• The 1998 project, the first case of water privatization in India, a 22-year renewable contract,
with total expected cost of Rs 256 crore
• The Project
– Supply water to the Borai industrial area along a 23-km stretch of Shivanath river
• Players
– Radius Water (Kailash Soni )
– Chhattisgarh State Industrial Development Corporation
• Outcome
– Radius Water supplies 4 million litres daily of water at the rate of Rs 12.60 per litre to industries, the
railway station and a railway colony
– The river, they say, has become inaccessible there's water but they are not allowed to fish and bathe.
– News: A River Gone Private is Drying Up
– a monopoly on the water supply in an 18-km radius
– Government announced that the scheme is constitutionally illegal
– Contract revoked
• Government's contact was unembarrassedly catering to corporate interests.

48. Bolivia: Cochabamba
• 1999, A 40 year concession in Cochabamba
• Players
– World Bank
– Bachtel and another Italy based International Water Company
• Water User fees in dollars
• Outcome
– Fees went to $20 per month (Household income $65).
– Permits requirement for collecting rain water on roofs.
– Mass local protests organized into a coalition in defense of water and life.
– After weeks of intense protests, the government cancelled the contract.
• Bechtel is suing Bolivia for $25 million dollars for canceling the contract.

49. Other case studies
• Several cases similar/worse to the two
discussed here are available in literature and
have been briefed in the document

50. Visible Threats
• Water Price hikes
– Forgotten promises
• Water Mining and Bulk Export
– Environmentally unsustainable
– Profit oriented
• Monopolistic Water Market
– Elimination of public control on water while it remains crucial to humanity
• Substandard Water Quality
– Reduce cost increase profit
• Corruption and lack of transparency
– Absence of strong regulatory authority and delays in legal processing

51. Alternate Models
• Rain water Harvesting
• Urban Rainwater Harvesting, Chennai and Delhi
• Watershed Management Kothapally, Andhra Pradesh
• Participatory Water Management, Porto Alegre, Brazil
• Consumers Co-operative Santa Cruz, Bolivia
• Trade Union Co-operative, Dhaka, Bangladesh

52. Government Policy
• National Water Policy
– Incomplete/Incompetent
– Remains silent on vital issues offering
opportunities to profit oriented business of
selling water
• Future Discussion

53. Lessons
• Private management: Not necessarily better than public
– Other fiascos: Buenos Aires, Cochabamba, Jakarta, Atlanta, New Delhi,
Ontario, Ghana, Nicaragua
• The need for strong regulatory capability
– In case of water utilities, if you don’t have strong regulatory environment,
forget about privatization… But if you have strong regulatory environment,
why privatize at all?
• Re-assess water privatization
– Explore other options: Alternate models
• Water is a basic human right
– Government must ensure everyone gets the minimum amount of water
he/she needs for his/her minimum basic requirements.
– If viewed as an ‘economic good’ or just like any other commodity, only those
who can afford the price will be able to access water