14. THE CNS
Thalamus
Telencephalon
Pineal body
Diencephalon
Hypothalamus
Tegment
Tectum Cerebellum
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
Insula
15. THE VENTRICULAR SYSTEM
Lateral
ventricles
Third ventricle
Fourth ventricle
third Fourth ventricle
ventricle
Fourth ventricle
fourth
ventricle
Lateral ventricles
Fourth ventricle
Insula
20. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION
Anterior Cerebral Artery
Surface branches supply cortex and white matter of :
1)inferior frontal lobe
2)medial surface of the frontal and parietal lobes
3)anterior corpus callosum
Posterior Cerebral Artery
Surface branches supply cortex and white matter of:
1)medial occipital lobes
2)inferior temporal lobes
3)posterior corpus callosum
Middle Cerebral Artery
Surface branches supply cortex and white matter of:
hemispheric convexity (all four lobes and insula).
Insula
21. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION
Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke
Most common stroke syndrome. Symptoms:
-contralateral weakness (face, arm, and hand more than legs)
-contralateral sensory loss (face, arm, and hand more than legs)
-visual field cut (damage to optic radiations)
-aphasia: language disturbances (more likely with L. Hemi. Damage)
-impaired spatial perception (more likely after R. Hemi. Damage)
Insula
22. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION
Anterior Cerebral Artery
- Motor disturbance contralateral distal leg
- urinary incontinence
- speech disturbance (may be more of a motor problem)
- apraxia of left arm (sympathetic apraxia) if anterior
corpus callosum is affected
- if bilateral may cause apathy, motor inertia, and
muteness
Posterior Cerebral Artery
Visual disturbances:
-contralateral homonymous hemianopsia (central vision is often spared)
-L. Hemi: lesions alexia (with or without agraphia)
-Bilateral lesions: cortical blindness : patients unaware they cannot see
-Memory impairment if temporal lobe is affected
Insula
