ieee 2012 projects for m tech btech ece eee embedded systems@ srcembedded solutions- hyderabad. web:www.srcembedded.com, ph-8297 313 858 mail:srcembedded@gmail.com

1. A HIERARCHICAL ALGORITHM FOR INDOOR MOBILE
ROBOT LOCALIZATION USING RFID SENSOR FUSION
Introduction:
This paper addresses radio-frequency identification (RFID)-based mobile robot
localization which adopts RFID tags distributed in a space. Existing stand-alone RFID systems
for mobile robot localization are hampered by many uncertainties. Therefore, we propose a novel
algorithm that improves the localization by fusing an RFID system with an ultrasonic sensor
system. The proposed system partially removes the uncertainties of RFID systems by using
distance data obtained from ultrasonic sensors. We process using an RFID system and a local
environment cognition (LEC) process using ultrasonic sensors. Then, a hierarchical localization
algorithm is proposed to estimate the mobile robot using LEC. Finally, the utility of the proposed
algorithm is demonstrated through experiments.
Existing System:
In existing system robotic is more expensive and not compact and here It has been
predicted that indoor mobile robots will be human-friendly robots that interact with people. To
ensure the safety and stability of human–robot interaction, more accurate and precise mobile
robot localization systems are essential. The classical system for mobile robots uses deadreckoning sensors such as GPS and gyroscopes.
Proposed System:
We estimate the position of the mobile robot through the matching of the RFID tags
unique ID. The global position of the mobile robot as obtained from the RFID system is always
estimated without reference to any obstacles. The proposed system utilizes RFID based
localization without using GPS receiver. The RFID tags are patched in floor and the robot has
the RFID reader connected to it. Whenever the RFID reader nears a tag, it reads the data from the
tag. The position coordinate of the tag is previously stored in the microcontroller. According to
the data received from tag, position coordinate is estimated. Thus, we can control the robot using
the RF communication with keypad interfaced to it. Estimated position is sent to the control

2. section through Zigbee and displayed in the LCD. For obstacle avoidance a ultrasonic sensor is
interfaced with robot, whenever the robot detects an obstacle it sends message to the control
section through the Zigbee communication.
Block Diagram:
Control Section:
Power supply
AT89C51
LCD
Microcontroller
RF Transmitter
Encoder

3. Robot Section:
RFID Tag’s
Power supply
RFID Reader
MAX232
AT89C51
Decoder
RF Receiver
Microcontroller
DC Motor
Ultrasonic Sensor
Signal condition
Circuit
Motor
Driver
DC Motor

4. Hardware Requirements:
 8051Microcontroller
 RF Transmitter & Receiver
 Zigbee Transceiver
 RFID Reader
 Ultrasonic Sensor
 ULN2003 Relay Driver
 LCD & Keypad
 Robot Mechanism
Software Requirements:
 Keil Compiler
 Embedded C
Advantages:
 The robot can be controlled from remote areas without using GPS receiver.
 It can able to obtain the position of the mobile robot without any constraint from the
environment.